Articles tagged with Tumor Microenvironments
A study published in Cell Reports found that saturated fatty acids promote the immune escape of oral cancers in mouse models. Obesity helps establish a type of tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor progression by suppressing STING-type-I interferon pathway and NLRC3.
A Phase I/II clinical trial combining intratumoral delivery of an engineered oncolytic virus with subsequent immunotherapy improved survival outcomes in a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The study demonstrated the combination was well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities.
Researchers have highlighted the importance of stromal vitamin A pathway in regulating IL-6 expression in colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts. The study found that disrupting retinol-mediated IL-6 expression could be a potential approach to target CAFs during CRC treatment.
Children's Hospital Los Angeles researchers have identified a disruption in early kidney progenitor cell development linked to the formation of Wilms tumor. The study found that these cells can reproduce the original tumor and are aggressive, drug-resistant, and metastasize like cancer cells.
Scientists discovered that deleting a protein called sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) reprograms the tumor microenvironment, decreasing S1P levels and increasing p53 tumor suppressor gene accumulation. This creates an inhospitable environment for aggressive breast tumors.
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of tumor microenvironment in developing and controlling triple negative breast cancer progression. Researchers suggest that technological advancements like genomics and epigenomics hold promise for overcoming TNBC's current limitations.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a type of cell that plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. The authors suggest that understanding CAFs is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Research targeting CAFs has shown promise, but challenges remain due to their complex nature.
Researchers propose conjugating a cell-penetrating peptide to oxaliplatin to overcome chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer. The new approach reduces platinum accumulation in tumour microenvironment and healthy tissues.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed a synthetic tumor model to understand the impact of microenvironment on targeted therapies for Activated B Cell-like Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma. The model showed promise in demonstrating how combining therapeutics can overcome tumor resistance to inhibitors.
Researchers develop unsupervised machine learning algorithm to classify osteosarcoma at diagnosis based on gene expression modules. This approach enables personalized treatment strategies for osteosarcoma patients.
Researchers created a three-dimensional structure that mimics bone and houses osteosarcoma cells beside immune cells, finding increased inflammation reduces chemotherapy effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of the tumor microenvironment in disease progression and treatment.
A comprehensive analysis of invasive ER+ breast cancers found macrophages as dominant immune cells infiltrating tumors. The study identified distinct immune cell 'neighborhoods' associated with good patient outcomes and highlights the need for tailored immunotherapies targeting macrophages.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research found that introducing bacteria to a tumor's microenvironment triggers an immune response, activating neutrophils to destroy tumors in animal models. This breakthrough therapy targets neutrophils to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that neutrophils instruct macrophages to form a bacteria-permissive microenvironment, which could have implications for cancer treatment. The study suggests that A9, an enzyme expressed in neutrophils, may play a key role in this process.
Researchers discovered that combining ferroptosis induction with immune checkpoint inhibition reduces liver tumour growth and metastases, offering a promising new approach for treating liver cancer
Researchers have developed a novel prognostic index to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. The inflammation-combined prognostic index (ICPI) combines three biomarkers - lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio - to provide a personalized prognosis for each patient.
Researchers highlight CD200's role in regulating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and propose alternative strategies for its neutralization. Unbiased genomic- and proteomic-based approaches may help clarify CD200 expression regulation across various human cancers.
Researchers analyzed tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, revealing two major defects that inhibit immune response. The study suggests a new approach using anti-CD137 agonist antibody treatment in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to activate T cells.
Researchers found that regorafenib, a dual PDGFR α/β inhibitor, modifies the cancer microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancers. This combination therapy boosts tumor infiltrating immune cells and reduces tumor fibroblasts.
Researchers found that MMTV-NeuT/ATTAC mice treated with anti-PD-1 therapy developed increased tumor-associated macrophages, EMT, fibroblast proliferation, and enhanced extracellular matrix. These findings suggest potential therapeutic avenues to enhance PD-1 immune checkpoint sensitivity.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a novel triple immunotherapy combination targeting checkpoints in T cells and myeloid suppressor cells, improving anti-tumor responses and survival rates in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. The study found that neutralizing specific immunosuppressive mechanisms dramatical...
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that exhausted cancer-fighting T cells can become immunosuppressive when working in low-oxygen tumor environments. Targeting these conditions can reinvigorate these cells, improving response to immune-based cancer therapies.
The use of 3D-patient tumor avatars (3D-PTAs) is crucial for guiding treatment decisions in precision oncology. These avatars, including patient-derived organoids, 3D bioprinting, and microscale models, can accurately depict a tumor with its microenvironment, enabling the testing and prediction of therapeutic drug efficacy.
Dr. Keith Chan joins Houston Methodist to enhance chemoimmunotherapy responses in bladder cancer, while also expanding research into pancreatic and skin cancers. He will lead translational research and mentor next-generation cancer researchers.
Researchers developed polymeric micelles to reprogram tumor microenvironment, enhancing nano-immunotherapy efficacy in mouse breast cancer models. The treatment response can be predicted from ultrasound shear wave elastography measurements prior to treatment initiation.
Research shows that tumors from Black patients have a higher score of biomarker for distant metastatic recurrence and more macrophages than white patients. The study suggests that racial disparities in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer outcomes may be partly explained by differences in the tumor microenvironment.
A study published in Nature reveals that cancer stem cells' miscommunication with their environment can trigger a self-perpetuating series of events leading to malignancy. Leptin signaling plays a surprising role in this process, which could be blocked to prevent tumor progression.
Researchers review myeloid-derived suppressor cells' phenotypes, mechanisms of immunosuppression, and roles in cancer treatment. Studies on non-malignant diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and obesity, are lacking, highlighting the need for further investigation.
Researchers found that HER2-positive breast cancer patients with high levels of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in residual disease have significantly shorter overall survival. High levels of TILs are associated with poorer outcomes, while lower levels are linked to improved survival rates.
Assistant Professor Nourridine Siewe developed a new mathematical model to assess different approaches for treating metastatic cancer. The model evaluates the interactions among immune cells and cancer, helping clinicians decide on the best treatment strategies.
A study reveals that interleukin 34 (IL-34) modulates the balance between two myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations, leading to immunosuppression and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Neutralizing IL-34 with a drug reduces tumor growth and susceptibility to chemotherapy.
Research at Linköping University suggests that dense breasts have unique biological characteristics that promote cancer growth, leading to a fivefold increased risk. The study used MRI and microdialysis techniques to measure proteins in breast tissue, finding elevated levels of inflammatory markers and growth factors.
A new study reveals that urolithin A from pomegranates can rejuvenate T cells by recycling and renewing mitochondria, enhancing their ability to fight tumors. The researchers plan to investigate the application of urolithin A in clinical trials for colorectal cancer.
A study from Tokyo Medical and Dental University reveals that the TGF-β signaling molecule can induce EMT in oral cancer cells, leading to high motility and metastatic potential. KRTAP2-3 expression is associated with poorer overall survival, suggesting its role as a prognostic biomarker.
A gene signature of four specific genes (SAA1, SAA2, APOL1, and MET) predicts the risk of tumour spreading and survival in kidney cancer patients. The study identified a link between the microenvironment and immune system inhibition.
Researchers at Mount Sinai's Tisch Cancer Institute have discovered a new gene, PDZK1IP1, essential to colon cancer growth. The study found that surrounding inflammation activates the super enhancer, promoting tumor cell survival and growth.
A new therapy has been discovered to overcome treatment resistance in aggressive breast cancer by targeting fibroblasts and enhancing the immune response. The therapy, FAP-IL2v, binds to fibroblast-expressed molecules, allowing the immune system to break through the tumor's protective microenvironment and eliminate cancer cells.
A new study found that the organization of different types of immune cells within pancreatic tumors is associated with patient outcomes. Immune cells called IL-10+ myelomonocytes tend to be located close to specific T cell types, which may affect cancer treatment responses.
Researchers are studying the interaction between obesity and nitric oxide synthase in triple-negative breast cancer, aiming to develop a new treatment strategy. Another team is investigating the role of NHE6 protein in multiple myeloma resistance to daratumumab treatment, with the goal of improving therapy outcomes for patients.
A UCSF-led team reveals that tumor immune microenvironments play a crucial role in the progression of pancreatic cysts to pancreatic cancer. The study suggests that therapies targeting regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells could inhibit malignant progression and treat high-risk disease.
Researchers found that patients with longer progression-free survival after BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy had more diverse baseline T-cell repertoires, fewer markers of immune exhaustion, and distinct changes to immune cell populations. These factors were associated with improved responses to the treatment.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered that even terminally exhausted T cells retain some capacity to function again. They identified approaches to overcome exhaustion by targeting co-stimulation pathways and reprogramming T cells to be resistant to hypoxia, a common tumor microenvironmental signal.
The University of Cincinnati is conducting a study on a potential new treatment for pancreatic cancer using SapC-DOPG, a nanotechnology drug delivery system. The treatment has shown promise in reducing tumor growth by 50-80% in animal models and aims to develop an effective immunotherapy treatment.
Virginia Tech scientists have developed a novel 3D tissue-engineered model of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment to learn why tumors return and what treatments will be most effective. The model accounts for cell types, fluid flow, and other aspects of the actual tumor environment, allowing for easy testing of drug therapies.
A study published in Cancer Research found that constitutively activated p53 in hepatocytes of chronic liver disease patients creates a microenvironment supportive of tumor formation from hepatic progenitor cells. This novel mechanism challenges the traditional role of p53 as a cancer suppressor.
A preclinical study by Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Johns Hopkins University has discovered a novel three-step treatment that disrupts the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in laboratory mice. The treatment, which combines anti-PD-1 immunotherapy antibody, FAKi, and CXCR4, prevents cancer metastasis and bolsters the immune system.
Researchers discovered that porous cell membrane formation allows cancer-inducing proteins to escape and promote tumor growth in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver cancer. The release of IL-33 and IL-1β from senescent hepatic stellate cells accelerates cancer development by suppressing anti-tumor immunity.
Researchers at Kyoto University identified the mechanism behind active inflammation and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironments. EP2/EP4 inhibitors suppress tumor growth by allowing regulatory T cells to infiltrate and activate within tumors, benefiting patients with certain cancers.
Researchers developed a novel nanoparticle to deliver ARL67156, an enzyme inhibitor that prevents ATP degradation into adenosine, selectively targeting solid tumors. The treatment substantially suppressed tumor growth and resulted in prolonged survival in mouse models.
A drug targeting IDH1 mutations in select cancers also inhibits wild-type form under certain conditions, making it a promising therapeutic option. Laboratory experiments and mouse models demonstrate the efficacy of Ivosidenib against various cancer types, including pancreatic, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer.
Researchers from China have developed a novel bioconjugate that can suppress the growth of K-Ras mutant pancreatic tumors. The conjugate, which targets folate receptors and macropinocytosis, was found to be highly cytotoxic and effective at suppressing tumor growth.
Researchers have identified new biomarkers to detect non-small cell lung cancer in its early stages through a blood test, offering improved survival chances. The approach can also identify potential drug resistance, allowing clinicians to choose alternative treatment options.
Researchers at the Beckman Institute found a direct link between high-fat diets and heightened nitric oxide levels, which can lead to increased risk of inflammation and cancer development. The study used a molecular probe to visualize changes in the tumor microenvironment.
A study by Osaka University found that fat accumulation in liver tumors can predict patient response to immunotherapy. The researchers identified a unique tumor immune microenvironment, known as steatotic HCC, which is associated with high infiltration of immune cells but exhaustion of nearby T cells.
Researchers found that targeting both tumor and lymph node microenvironments with nanomedicine improves treatment response for metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Long-term tumor remission was achieved in mice models using nanoparticles to deliver immune-modulating drugs.
Chronic bacterial infections can lead to chronic inflammation and DNA damage, increasing CRC risk. Salmonella infections are particularly risky, as they impair immune responses and promote tumorigenesis.
Researchers developed a droplet-based microfluidic technology to produce micro-organospheres from cancer patient biopsies within an hour. These miniature tumors retain the original microenvironment and can be used for testing many drug conditions, showing almost perfect correlation with actual clinical treatment outcomes.
Researchers have discovered two distinct classes of cancer-associated fibroblasts that accumulate in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and play opposing roles. The study suggests that targeting these unique cell populations may improve treatment outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients.
Researchers developed a computational approach called CellTrek to combine parallel gene-expression profiling methods, creating spatial maps at single-cell resolution. The tool provides detailed information on individual cell types' location within tissues, enabling unique biological insights.
Researchers developed a novel scaffold to grow breast tumors with reduced immune variability, enabling more accurate immunotherapy drug testing. The new model replicates treatment-resistant breast cancer microenvironments and predicts patient responses to therapy.