Articles tagged with Genetic Analysis
A new study found that an individualized mosaic of microbial strains is transmitted from the maternal gut to the infant gut during birth, influencing the infant's metabolic disease susceptibility. Researchers used a 'fingerprint' method to track mothers' microbial strains inherited by infants.
Researchers discovered that helper proteins Swi5-Sfr1 and Rad51-related helpers collaborate to activate Rad51 in DNA repair. Mutations in Swi5-Sfr1 compromised activation, but yeast cells lacking Rad51-related helpers still repaired DNA, suggesting a compensatory role.
A new study analyzes thousands of phylogenetic trees to shed light on the nature of the earliest living organisms. It suggests that early mutation rates were much higher than at present, leading to a complex 'family tree' of life. The research provides insight into how quickly early organisms may have evolved billions of years ago.
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) grants $6.9 million funding to INOVIO and IVI to conduct clinical testing in Korea for INOVIO's COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on their well-established DNA platform technology. The trial will be conducted in parallel to INOVIO's Phase I INO-4800 study underway in the US.
Researchers have identified genes implicated in neurodegeneration throughout the stages of Alzheimer's disease using gene-network analysis. The study found that protein domain networks collapse during the progression of AD, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
Researchers identified genes ABTB1 and GRB10 as influential in nutrient-sensing pathways, associated with performance on memory tasks. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, can delay memory decline, but genetic variations affect their effectiveness.
A new study identified over 1,000 genetic variations in 450 genes linked to moderate to severe myopia. The research suggests that genetics can play a significant role in myopia, with specific genes involved in circadian rhythm and eye pigmentation.
Scientists discover ninth species of dragon lizard in genus Smaug, previously mistaken for similar-looking species S. barbertonensis. The new species, Smaug swazicus, is the largest southern African lizard species described since 82 years ago, with up to 13 inches from snout to tail tip.
Researchers at CNIC have identified an inflammatory regulatory circuit controlled by endothelial cells in the eye, which may regulate retinal vascular diseases and inflammatory disorders. The discovery provides new perspectives on treating conditions like age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Scientists create two innovative AST methods that can assess a pathogen's sensitivity to beta-lactams in just 30 minutes, targeting top CDC priorities. New phenotypic tests quantify small changes in nucleic acids after antibiotic exposure.
Scientists have identified several genes that may be involved in the development of diabetic kidney disease. By analysing Finnish samples with diabetes, researchers found connections between specific proteins and the condition. The study's findings suggest new potential targets for treating diabetic kidney disease.
Researchers at Princeton University identified key factors essential for chronic hepatitis B infection. The study found that five human proteins are necessary for the repair process of HBV DNA, and targeting these factors could potentially prevent the infection.
A new genetic study reveals a complex US population structure, including fine-scale insights into recent history. The findings show diverse patterns among Hispanic/Latino and Asian American populations, shedding light on their ancestral origins and migration patterns.
Researchers used Rapid DNA Identification to quickly identify 58 victims of the 2018 Camp Fire, a technique that can provide results within hours. This work represents the first use of Rapid DNA Identification in a mass casualty event and has since been utilized in another incident.
Researchers identified a genetic mutation affecting cellular oxygen sensing and a patient's limited exercise capacity. The von Hippel-Lindau gene is fundamental for cells to survive in low-oxygen conditions, and its impaired functionality limits the patient's exercise capacity compared to those without the mutation.
A new study reveals the earliest known interbreeding event between ancient human populations, dating back to around 700,000 years ago. The super-archaics in Eurasia interbred with Neanderthal-Denisovan ancestors, providing insights into human migration out of Africa and into Eurasia.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that traditional cardiovascular risk factors are at least as valuable in predicting who will develop coronary heart disease (CHD) as a sophisticated genetic test. Identifying elevated risk for CHD early on can help patients avoid fatal events through lifestyle changes and preventive t...
The round goby's exceptional adaptability is attributed to its immune system, which features up to 30 times more inflammatory genes than comparable species. This enables the fish to deal with pathogens and extreme environmental conditions, facilitating its successful colonization of diverse waters around the world.
Researchers successfully coordinated MDA to stop onchocerciasis transmission in Sudan and Ethiopia, demonstrating the effectiveness of binational cooperation. The study marked the first known interruption of transmission across international borders.
A recent study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance genes in the mouth and gut microbiome, finding distinct resistome profiles with varying levels of diversity. The researchers' findings suggest that expanding human resistome studies to other body areas is crucial for understanding the spread of antibiotic resistance.
A new single-cell prenatal blood test can identify genetic abnormalities in fetuses with high accuracy, improving the likelihood of detection. The test uses a modified droplet digital PCR assay that assesses DNA from live cells without cell fixation or whole-genome amplification.
A new study from University of Pennsylvania sociologist Wendy Roth found that DIY DNA tests do not lead to a greater belief in racial essentialism. However, those who understand more about genetics going in become more skeptical, while those with less understanding believe in essentialism more strongly.
A 30-year study details clinical course of 184 individuals with genetically diverse forms of MSUD, showing increased survival and hospitalization rates. Despite advances in care, patients continue to suffer from cognitive and psychiatric disabilities, highlighting the need for safer and more effective disease-modifying interventions.
A research team at the University of the Basque Country is using genetic analysis to identify human remains from the Spanish Civil War and dictatorship. By comparing DNA samples from remains with those from family members, they are able to determine the profile of the remains and gather enough information to enable identification.
Researchers identified a variant in the HSD3B1 gene associated with resistance to glucocorticoids in severe asthma patients. The study suggests that genetic testing may help tailor treatment strategies for individuals with severe asthma, offering new hope for improved management of this chronic condition.
Researchers discovered that Cdkn1c loss leads to cell death and smaller brains when targeted at the single-cell level. In contrast, whole animal studies revealed no effect on brain size, suggesting a new growth-promoting role of Cdkn1c.
Researchers used AI to analyze gene activity in blood cells from over 12,000 samples, achieving a hit rate of above 99% for AML diagnosis. This approach could support conventional diagnostics and potentially accelerate therapy initiation, while also reducing costs.
The MASS software program automates geometric morphometric analyses on leaf shape, reducing errors and making it more accessible to novice researchers. By utilizing digitized herbarium specimens, researchers can now analyze larger groups of data and explore new research questions.
A new Hyb-Seq probe set has been validated for its effectiveness in reconstructing relationships among species within the diverse Asteraceae family. The study's findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting genes to sequence and optimizing data analysis pipelines to improve phylogenetic outcomes.
A new method, called CNNC, uses convolutional neural networks to infer gene interactions from massive amounts of gene expression data. The approach outperforms existing methods at identifying disease-related genes and developmental pathways that might be targets for drugs.
Researchers discovered over 40 new species of cichlid fish in Lake Mweru, formed around one million years ago. The team found that females were more likely to mate with males from different species if their coloration was attractive or light conditions made it difficult for them to see.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute develop a DNA star trap that captures and detects Dengue virus in the bloodstream, outperforming existing clinical tests by over 100 fold. The non-toxic, biodegradable test could be adapted to kill viruses as well.
Researchers from the John Innes Centre discovered that simple shifts in gene activity in the leaf bud provide a flexible mechanism for forming leaves of all shapes and sizes. The study reveals how cup-shaped leaves evolved from flat sheets through simple genetic changes, offering a simple mechanistic explanation for diverse leaf forms.
Genetic analyses reveal a new species, Ryukyu-funori (Gloiopeltis compressa), and multiple unnamed species of Gloiopeltis in Japan, challenging previous classification. The study highlights the high diversity within the genus, with many populations previously misclassified as separate species.
A study from Purdue University found that some breeds of dogs have hidden coat colors and other traits due to genetic variations. The researchers analyzed data from 212 dog breeds and discovered that up to 48 breeds possess the tailless gene variant, often at low frequencies.
A study at Johns Hopkins Medicine identified three complement system genes linked to MS-caused vision loss. The researchers found that patients with specific genetic changes in these genes were more likely to experience severe vision problems, opening up new avenues for precision medicine and potential treatments.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center identified the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) as critical to the formation of mature and fully functioning T cells. AP-1 helps open up chromatin, a twisted structure of DNA that controls cell activation.
A study published in PLOS Genetics found that obesity is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease in men. The researchers analyzed data from over 423,000 participants and identified distinct patterns of disease association for each sex.
Scientists with the Smithsonian have documented a new species of bird, the Spectacled Flowerpecker, which is distinct from other flowerpeckers. The discovery highlights the rich biodiversity in Borneo's forests and underscores the importance of conserving these ecosystems.
Three moth species, including the peppered moth, rely on the same gene for industrial melanism, a response to environmental change. The mutations likely occurred hundreds of years before the industrial revolution, suggesting adaptive evolution uses similar genetic machinery across deep evolutionary time.
The RESILIENT trial found disease control in 114 out of 126 patients evaluable per protocol and progression-free survival. The study suggests that label-agnostic therapy regimens guided by Encyclopedic Tumor Analysis can offer meaningful clinical benefits for patients with relapsed refractory metastatic malignancies.
Researchers in New Zealand have developed a comprehensive map of white clover heritage and genetic landscape, providing a valuable resource for breeders. The 'pedigree map' reveals the history of the species, including its origins and genetic makeup, enabling more informed breeding decisions.
A large genome-wide association study has identified 183 genetic loci associated with high serum urate levels, a major risk factor for gout. The study also found that these loci can be used to predict gout risk in independent populations.
Researchers develop machine-learning tools to analyze 3D plant shapes, improving high-throughput phenotyping. The software achieves 97.8% accuracy in identifying stems and leaves, helping scientists better understand plant growth and responses to climate change.
A new study suggests that tsunamis after the Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964 brought a tropical fungus ashore, leading to subsequent outbreaks of often-fatal infections among people in coastal regions. The fungus, Cryptococcus gattii, is typically found in warm climates but was discovered in the Pacific Northwest region.
Researchers at the University of Alberta are developing a new treatment that could help almost half of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy by restoring dystrophin protein production. The experimental cocktail of DNA-like molecules has shown dramatic regrowth of dystrophin, which acts as a support beam to keep muscles strong.
A new experimental test made from bacterial innards has high potential as a basis for an inexpensive, easy malnutrition test for use in the field. The test can detect zinc levels and quantify clinically relevant levels, allowing aid agencies to get immediate information and influence policy decisions on nutritional interventions.
A Nemours study suggests genetic testing can personalize PPI dosing for eosinophilic esophagitis patients. This could improve efficacy and reduce side effects in up to 90% of children, according to researchers.
Researchers discovered physically linked mating type loci in 24 Trichosporonales fungi species, with highly conserved gene sequences. This is unusual, as mating type chromosomes tend to degenerate during evolution, and the mechanisms stabilizing these loci will be analyzed in future studies.
A genome-wide analysis of ancient DNA from over 500 individuals sheds light on the complex genetic ancestry of South and Central Asia. The study documents genetic exchanges with European Steppe, Near East, and southeast Asia, revealing a population history that reflects similar genomic patterns to those in ancient Europe.
A new beaked whale species, Berardius minimus, has been discovered and confirmed in the waters off Hokkaido. The species exhibits distinct physical characteristics, including a smaller body size, shorter beak, and darker color compared to known species.
A study of lemur scents reveals that an individual's distinctive body odor reflects genetic differences in their immune system. Females pay more attention to the scents of males with different immune genes, which could lead to more diverse and resilient offspring.
The study found that ancient geological events, such as mountain range uplift and river formation, drove the emergence of new species of harvestmen in the southern portion of the Atlantic Rainforest. This discovery challenges the assumption that climate fluctuations are the primary cause of high biodiversity in this biome.
A new study published in BMC Evolutionary Biology reveals that grey squirrels turned black due to interbreeding with fox squirrels. The faulty pigment gene was identified as identical to one found in the closely related fox squirrel species native to North America.
Researchers identified thousands of host mRNAs targeted by gammaherpesvirus microRNAs, revealing significant conservation of miRNA targeting among viruses. The study provides new insights into the function of gammaherpesvirus miRNAs and their role in establishing lifelong infections.
A new DNA methylation test has been shown to accurately predict which cases of precancerous cervical disease will become more serious, helping women decide on treatment options. Most women with moderate dysplasia can be safely followed without surgery until their disease resolves.
A gene test can identify prostate cancer patients who are likely to respond to a new type of treatment that uses radioactive particles to kill cancer cells. The test detects genetic weaknesses in DNA repair genes, which is linked to high levels of PSMA on the surface of cancer cells.
A new study found that half of participants with well-managed HIV retain HIV DNA in their cerebrospinal fluid, associated with cognitive deficits. Researchers also noted a link between HIV DNA and poorer performance on neurocognitive tests.
A recent study published in Mammalian Genome found that inbreeding depression reduces litter sizes in purebred golden retrievers. The researchers analyzed data from 93 female golden retrievers and discovered that a dam's inbreeding coefficient was associated with the number of puppies it birthed.
Research reveals scorpionfly species are not separate, but have evolved different forms to adapt to altitude and climate. The study uses Bayesian simulations and phylogenetic analyses to estimate divergence time of Japanese scorpionfly lineages.