Articles tagged with Genotypes
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A new study presents the completed almond reference genome, revealing the genetic differences between toxic and sweet kernel genotypes. A cluster of transcription factors associated with sweet kernel genotypes was discovered, including bHLH2, which regulates the biosynthetic pathway for amygdalin production
A new study found that couples with the GG genotype in the oxytocin gene receptor reported greater marital satisfaction and feelings of security. This genetic variation affects social bonding and is linked to personality traits such as emotional stability and empathy.
Researchers found that specific antioxidants are associated with particular colors of tomato fruit, suggesting a balance between these compounds. The study's results support the use of genotypes with different-colored fruit in breeding programs to increase antioxidant levels in commercial cultivars.
The occurrence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children are influenced by multiple factors, including preterm birth, genetic predisposition, HIV status, and access to kidney transplant. Clinicians must consider these competing issues when treating affected children.
An international study published in Blood highlights the urgent need for better treatment strategies for patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). The study found that survival rates were higher after cell transplants from matched sibling donors and that young age and absence of active infection were key factors for impro...
A new study analyzed nearly 3,800 U.S. outbreaks from 2009 to 2016 and found that severe outcomes were more frequent in outbreaks caused by specific genotypes of norovirus, particularly GII.4. The research may guide efforts to develop vaccines effective against norovirus disease.
A study found that 67% of vampire bats in Belize and Peru are infected with Bartonella bacteria, which can cause endocarditis. The research suggests transmission may occur through bites or environmental contamination, highlighting the risk of cross-species transmission.
Researchers found that coral bleaching doubles the mortality rate of disease-resistant staghorn coral genotypes. Maintaining genetic diversity is crucial to prevent further loss in the Florida Reef Tract ecosystem.
Researchers have identified the geographical origins and global spread of HBV genotypes D and A, which originated in the Middle East and North Africa. The study reveals differences in their dissemination patterns, influenced by prehistoric and recent human migrations.
Two real-world studies from Italy and Germany report high rates of viral suppression and favourable safety profiles for glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic HCV infection. The treatment was found to be effective across a range of different patient types, with over 98% achieving sustained virological response.
The new treatment combination including ravidasvir and sofosbuvir has shown extremely high cure rates, even among hard-to-treat patients, with a 97% success rate reported in the Phase II/III trial. The treatment is priced affordably at $300 for a 12-week course, offering an alternative to existing treatments.
Researchers have found that a roundnose grenadier fish species can adapt to changing environmental conditions based on its genetic code. The study, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, reveals that the fish's genotype varies with depth, allowing it to thrive in vast ocean habitats.
The Genomic Ascertainment Cohort (TGAC) will allow researchers to recall genotyped individuals and investigate the influence of their genes and gene variants on phenotypes. The NIH will establish a new database of 10,000 human genomes and exomes, enabling predictions of conditions caused by specific genes or variants.
The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium has published the first-ever clinical practice guideline for using CYP2D6 genotype to guide tamoxifen therapy in women with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The guidelines recommend alternative hormonal therapies based on CYP2D6 genotype, aiming to improve tre...
A large genome-wide association analysis identifies novel gene-smoking interactions in lung cancer development, providing new candidate biomarkers. The study found three SNPs associated with non-small cell and squamous cell lung cancer risk, stratifying lung cancer risk by smoking behavior.
A new study confirms an association between sodium intake and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a 65% increase in risk for each extra gram consumed per day. The effect is even greater for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA), with a 82% rise in risk.
A new study suggests that specific genetic variants increase the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in later life, including after the age of 30. The research found that individuals with certain HLA genotypes have a higher likelihood of developing late-onset T1D and being diagnosed at an older age.
A new study published in The Lancet found that the Gardasil 9 vaccine can reduce 90% of cervical cancer cases with long-term effectiveness. The vaccine was tested on over 14,000 women worldwide and showed similar safety profiles to the four-valent HPV vaccine.
Scientists are noticing a shift from hepatitis E as only a disease of the poor to one that can also affect affluent people in developed world settings. The virus is re-emerging as zoonotic, with transmission linked to pork products and environmental contamination.
Researchers identified naturally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with Chikungunya virus genotype ECSA in Brazil. The finding highlights the need for expanded surveillance to prevent new outbreaks and expose other countries at risk.
A study found that specific genetic markers can predict which HCV patients are likely to improve with treatment, helping minimize the need for liver transplants. Researchers identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PNPLA3 gene as a key indicator.
A Phase 3 study demonstrates that the co-formulation of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir results in a 95% sustained virologic response rate at 12 weeks post treatment in patients with Hepatitis C virus genotype 3. The investigational treatment was well-tolerated and showed comparable safety to sofosbuvir and daclatasvir.
A study by University of Kansas researcher Emily Rauscher found that children with sensitive genotypes face disadvantage in poor families but advantage in wealthier ones. This suggests that environment, not genes alone, determines economic outcomes.
Researchers use genetic correlation to link disease risks, including heart health and diabetes, using data from a long-standing cohort and electronic health records. The method provides opportunities to answer epidemiological questions in weeks rather than decades.
Rice University biologist Julia Saltz found that fruit flies' genotypes and behaviors affect their social environments. In experiments, she observed that males in preferred groups were more aggressive than those in nonpreferred groups, while losing an encounter made them less aggressive.
Research suggests that increasing plant diversity can limit the nutrient supply for insect pests, reducing their populations. By introducing different genotypes of the same crop species with varying nutrient levels, farmers may be able to control insects while maintaining consistent production.
A study found that children with the epsilon-4 gene variant had differences in brain development compared to those with epsilon-2 and epsilon-3 variants, including smaller hippocampus size and lower test scores on memory and thinking skills. The findings suggest early indications of risk for dementia and potential prevention strategies.
The study identified two groups of drought-resistant bean lines: 'water savers' and 'water spenders'. The former are suitable for semi-arid regions with limited moisture, while the latter have deep roots to maximize water extraction. These findings contribute to improving bean productivity in areas affected by drought.
A recent study found that 72% of children have S. mutans strains not found in family members, suggesting external transmission from other children or population sources. Children can share strains with siblings or cousins, highlighting another dimension to inter-familial transmission.
A new study reveals that prolonged repetitive physical workload increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, with certain types of work increasing the odds more than others. The study also found a significant interaction between genetic makeup and physical workload in relation to the development of RA.
Research reveals that people with low ALDH2 activity, common in East Asian populations, are more likely to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Even those who don't drink heavily or at all are at risk. Regular γ-GTP level checks are recommended.
ABT-493 and ABT-530 achieved 100% sustained virologic response (SVR12) in cirrhotic patients, while non-cirrhotic patients showed a 97% SVR12 rate after eight weeks. This treatment offers hope for genotype 3 patients with heavily scarred livers.
A new study presents data demonstrating that personalized direct-acting antiviral treatment can eradicate the hepatitis C virus from the body in patients who had previously failed treatment. The study identified effective re-treatment combinations for genotype 1 and 3, achieving SVR12 rates of 90% and 100%, respectively.
The elbasvir/grazoprevir combination was effective in HCV genotypes 1 and 4 with fewer overall side effects, resulting in an SVR12 of 99.2% compared to 90.5% for sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon. The new treatment demonstrated superior efficacy especially in hard-to-treat patients.
A new triple combination treatment of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and GS-9857 achieved a high sustained virologic response rate of 99% in patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. The treatment was generally safe and effective, even in patients who had previously received direct acting antivirals.
A new combination treatment of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and GS-9857 demonstrates safety and efficacy in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection. The study achieved high sustained virologic response rates, with 98% of patients responding to the three-drug combination.
A new study reveals that different mosquito species can affect the evolution of viruses like West Nile. The southern house mosquito appears to be a key driver of West Nile divergence and is more likely to transmit virus variants with greater fitness in avian hosts.
Researchers review challenges and advances in optimizing specific productivity of metabolic pathways in living cells. New tools for library generation, computational analysis, and high-throughput screening are discussed to improve pathway creation and screening.
Research reveals that genetically predisposed timid swans are more likely to inhabit non-urban areas, while bolder swans colonize cities. The study found a significant association between specific DRD4 gene variants and wariness levels.
A research group has designed the first ever SNP array optimized for the Japanese population, covering the whole-genome region from which SNPs possessed by Japanese people can be obtained with high accuracy. The Japonica Array offers improved genotype imputation accuracy, accelerating personalized healthcare and medicine research.
Researchers found that normal-weight carriers of the PNPLA3 mutant genotype are at higher risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and renal function dysfunction. The study suggests this mutation may be used to identify individuals at high-risk for NAFLD, regardless of weight status.
A new detection method has been developed to rapidly and accurately detect drug-resistant HCV mutants, including the Y93H mutation. The system achieved a high success rate of 98.9% in detecting this mutation in Japanese HCV genotype 1b patients.
A Phase III study has shown an overall cure rate of 94% for patients with a liver transplant and returning hepatitis C, and 83% for patients with advanced cirrhosis. The FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the investigational combination, clearing the way for expedited drug development.
Studies found that daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir regimens achieved high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. The UNITY-1 study reported an SVR rate of 91.3% among treatment-naive patients, while the UNITY-2 study showed a similar success rate for treatment-experienced patients. ...
A Phase 3 study demonstrates that sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin and peginterferon is highly effective for treating genotype-3 HCV-infected patients, particularly those with cirrhosis. The BOSON study shows the optimal duration of treatment for these patients, which could lead to improved outcomes.
The study demonstrates a new therapeutic option for chronic HCV infection, achieving high sustained virologic response rates. The combination therapy resulted in 90% sustained viral response (SVR12) rates across various genotypes of the virus.
The study demonstrated that ledipasvir-sofosbuvir achieves high sustained virologic response rates in patients with chronic genotype 4 and 5 HCV infection. The treatment was found to be effective in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients, with similar SVR12 rates across all patient types.
A new study provides an accurate description of citrus evolution, tracing the genus back to a single common ancestor and identifying six genes driving genetic variation. The research also sheds light on the emergence of popular citrus species like mandarins and lemons.
Scientists identified Blue13 genotype for the first time in Spain, indicating more aggressive and resistant strains of Phytophthora infestans. The detection has significant implications for potato producers, who must adapt to evolving disease patterns and develop new blight-resistant varieties.
Researchers found that up to 45% of breast tumors exhibit genetic alterations affecting the CYP2D6 gene, leading to distorted patient genotypes. This has significant implications for tamoxifen therapy, which relies on accurate CYP2D6 testing to guide treatment.
A study published in Alcohol found that moderate drinking has a protective effect among only 15% of the general population with a specific genotype, which affects HDL cholesterol levels. This suggests that sweeping advice about moderate alcohol consumption may not be suitable for everyone.
Two new pill-only regimens have been developed to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C, with a sustained virological response achieved in 90% of previously untreated patients and 82% of those who failed previous treatment. These regimens show promise as simpler, safer, and faster alternatives to current therapies.
Researchers at Columbia University and the University of Michigan found an interaction between the ADRB2 gene and childhood adversity in a study of Ohio National Guard soldiers. The study suggests that genetic variations can influence PTSD symptoms, particularly in individuals with two or more experiences of childhood trauma.
A multicenter trial of 1358 children found intermittent montelukast reduced wheezing episodes only in those with the specific genetic subtype. The treatment was ineffective in children without this genotype, highlighting the need for targeted research.
Researchers found that APOE genotype influences the diagnostic accuracy of CSF biomarkers, particularly beta-amyloid 42 (Aβ42), in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, the APOE gene had no effect on Aβ42 levels in younger individuals.
23andMe has received a $1.4 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop its web-based database and research engine for genetic discovery. The grant supports the utilization of whole-genome sequence data and imputation to discover rare variants associated with disease.
A global prevalence study reveals that HCV genotype 1 accounts for over 46% of all cases, followed by genotypes 3 and 2. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding viral genotype to develop new treatments for HCV.
Two new pill-only antiviral drug regimens have shown promise in treating the most difficult-to-cure form of hepatitis C, with high cure rates and minimal side effects. The treatments offer a more effective, safer, and shorter option for patients with cirrhosis or those who have failed existing therapies.
A phase III clinical trial shows that a combination drug therapy cures chronic hepatitis C in the majority of patients co-infected with both HIV and hepatitis C. The new all-oral regimen sofosbuvir and ribavirin has cure rates of up to 92% for treatment-experienced patients, offering a transformative step in treating this population.
A study published in JAMA found that HIV-infected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received a combination of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin achieved high rates of sustained HCV virologic response after therapy cessation. The treatment showed promise for coinfection, which affects up to 7 million worldwide.