Articles tagged with Plants
Lobachevsky University scientists have identified five new forms of the Cypripedium guttatum orchid with distinct flower coloring. The forms exhibit high intraspecific polymorphism, with the most pronounced distinction between externemaculatum and semialbum.
New research by Prof. Andrew Kowalski of the University of Granada calls into question current methods of studying photosynthesis, highlighting the importance of non-diffusive gas transport in the process. This discovery has significant implications for fields such as biology and micrometeorology.
A team of scientists and archaeologists has discovered a 15,000-year-old Natufian site in Jordan that pushes back the timeline for permanent settlement in the region. The site's early dates suggest that hunter-gatherers were more versatile than previously thought and had multiple pathways to agriculture.
An international research team led by Mark van Kleunen found that plant species from European habitats altered by humans have a head start in spreading to other continents. The study investigated over 10,000 plant species and found that those from human-made environments were more successful in naturalizing on other continents.
A team of archaeologists and scientists revised the chronology of the last hunter-gatherers in the Near East, finding that they could live comfortably in the steppe zone. The Natufian Culture, which existed from 14,500 to 11,500 years ago, was previously thought to be limited to the Mediterranean woodland zone.
Researchers have created detailed global maps of key plant traits that significantly impact carbon cycle calculations. The maps show substantial local diversity, contradicting previous simplistic models that assumed identical trait values across regions. This advancement will lead to more accurate modeling of carbon cycle feedbacks.
Scientists have developed a revolutionary dipstick technology that can extract DNA and RNA from living organisms in under 30 seconds, enabling rapid disease diagnosis and treatment.
The Global Hyperaccumulator Database contains data on 721 species of plants capable of absorbing high amounts of metal compounds. The database aims to facilitate the identification and utilization of these hyperaccumulators for environmental cleanup, particularly in mining-affected areas.
A study of snapdragons has yielded a clue about how nature controls fundamental evolutionary change in all species. A new genetic mechanism, known as a hairpin, has been identified that favours colour schemes which signpost a flower's entry point most clearly to pollinating bees.
Researchers from University of Toronto and Georgian National Museum discover 8,000-year-old wine production in ancient Middle East, dating back to early Neolithic period. The discovery confirms the use of domesticated grapes (Vitis vinifera) for winemaking, pushing back the origin of practice by 600-1,000 years.
Researchers have developed a synthetic system for energy gathering, conversion, and transport inspired by natural photosynthesis. The system uses DNA nanotechnology to spatially control and organize chromophores, mimicking the arrangement of densely packed chromophores in plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that northern high-latitude cooling played a key role in triggering the rapid termination of the African Humid Period around 5500 years ago. This period was characterized by significant rainfall, but its sudden end led to aridification in the region.
A recent study on Mount Rainier floral communities found that climate change can cause reassembly among wildflowers, leading to disrupted interactions. In 2015, an unusually warm summer resulted in new patterns of flowering times, with some species blooming earlier and others later.
A new statistical estimator extracts useful information from decades-old data and citizen science efforts, providing reliable evidence for climate change. This method unlocks valuable historical records and validates observations made by ordinary citizens, revealing the power of citizen science.
Researchers identified an improved form of the enzyme Rubisco, which can enhance carbon dioxide-fixation kinetics. The new screening strategy enabled the discovery of 11 mutations that increased efficiency, with potential applications in crops and sustainable food production.
A study published in Nature Communications suggests that peatland plants are better adapted to climate change than previously thought. Despite rising temperatures and changing atmospheric conditions, the plant community in peatlands can replace missing species with new ones having similar functions.
The OCO-2 mission gathers data on natural land and ocean sinks, revealing changes in the carbon cycle across seasons and regions. The studies highlight the effects of El Niño on carbon emissions, including increased releases from biomass burning in tropical Asia and lower precipitation in South America.
A new technique uses satellite-based remote-sensing to quantify plant metabolism by measuring solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. This correlation opens up applications for climate change and ecosystem monitoring, biodiversity conservation, and land management.
Researchers have discovered that quinoa plants can absorb and store salt in bladder cells, allowing them to thrive on saline soils. This unique adaptation enables the plant to recycle energy from sugar molecules to neutralize toxic salt.
Scientists from RUDN University have classified the distribution of soil microorganisms at different latitudes, discovering that soil properties are the primary factor in determining microbial composition. The study revealed that climate and vegetation play a lesser role in shaping microbial communities.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory found that increasing sugar levels in plant leaves increases oil content, which could lead to the production of biofuels and useful chemicals. By selectively breeding plants with specific traits, they successfully tipped the balance of plant metabolism to favor higher oil production.
Researchers investigate the effects of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions, exploring new techniques for measuring floral cues, rewards, and pollinator behavior. Studies reveal diverse tactics being used to deepen understanding of these complex relationships in a changing environment.
The Shenzhen Declaration outlines seven priorities to address global sustainability, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. By integrating technology, local knowledge, and public engagement, the declaration calls for collaborative solutions to build a green, sustainable future.
Scheme Lab develops a portable DNA sequencing kit for rapid detection of genetic variations in meat quality, seedlings, and plants. The 'point-of-care' test can be used anywhere - in factories, on farms, or at home.
Researchers at CU Boulder are creating a comprehensive digital archive of over 1.7 million plant specimens native to the southern Rocky Mountain region, providing a rich trove of information for scientists and educators. The project aims to standardize specimen data, correct errors, and inform public land management efforts.
A recent study published in Nature Communications suggests that reindeer grazing can help protect tundra plant diversity in a warming climate. By allowing more plant species to co-exist and benefit from warmer conditions, reindeer can increase light availability and preserve small and slowly-growing plant species.
Plant miRNAs in beebread/pollen delay honeybee caste differentiation and keep ovaries inactive, inducing sterile worker bees. This study reveals a new mechanism for RNA regulation in insect development.
A comprehensive analysis reveals that changes in daytime versus nighttime leaf-to-air temperatures are crucial determinants of geographic gradients in leaf size. The study's findings have significant implications for predictive modeling and understanding ecosystem functioning, particularly in response to changing climate conditions.
Research finds that indoles produced by intestinal bacteria enhance mobility, resistance to stress, and reproductive span in worms, flies, and mice. Indoles may help maintain the intestinal barrier and limit systemic inflammatory effects, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for improving healthspan.
Researchers at University of Cambridge and Natural History Museum analyze 450 anatomical characteristics to place Chilesaurus in dinosaur family tree. The study reveals Chilesaurus fills a large gap between two major dinosaur groups, with implications for understanding the origins of Ornithischia.
Scientists have discovered four new fruit fly species in the Himalaya region of India, revealing previously unknown information about their flower visitation habits. The study also revises the descriptions of all Lordiphosa genus representatives in India and highlights a unique sex comb adaptation in one of the newly described species.
Researchers discovered that cockroaches play a crucial role in seed dispersal for the azalea family plant Monotropastrum humile. The study found that adult cockroaches excrete viable seeds with minimal loss of viability, suggesting a legitimate seed disperser for the plant.
The Amazon rainforest emits at least three times more isoprene than previously thought, influencing ozone levels and greenhouse gas balance. Isoprene emissions vary with terrain elevation and increase at higher altitudes, sparking hypotheses for further research.
A new species of non-photosynthesizing parasitic plant, Sciaphila sugimotoi, has been discovered on Ishigaki island in Okinawa, Japan. The plant, which stands 5-10cm above ground, feeds off the roots of host fungi and is named after Mr. Takaomi Sugimoto, one of its discoverers.
Researchers are using imaging capabilities to explore how copper affects plant fertility, which could provide insights into breeding plants for better performance in marginal soils. The study aims to characterize plant proteins controlling copper uptake and distribution to develop plant cultivars adapted to low-copper soils.
A researcher tracked Sahara mustard's spread through California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada, finding it adapted to local conditions by shifting germination timing. The plant's rapid growth and self-fertilization enabled its successful invasion, but eradication may be possible with targeted efforts.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Food Science and Technology found that commercial-scale extraction and purification processes do not alter the steviol glycosides in high-purity stevia extracts. The research, conducted at the University of Bonn, provides evidence for the naturality of stevia, a popular plant-bas...
The presence of surface and buried crude oil affects redox in wetland soils under flooded and drained conditions. Researchers found that oil slowed oxygen transport into the root zone, increasing stress on plants.
Research from WorldFish and MIT reveals that involving local farmers in tackling a problem provides long-lasting benefits, rather than just introducing new technologies. The study focuses on two examples: reducing fish spoilage in Zambia and developing virus-resistant abaca varieties in the Philippines.
After 100 years of misidentification, researchers have confirmed the existence of Kadsura matsudae, a distinct East Asian vine species. The discovery was made by collaborating experts from Japan and Taiwan, who utilized molecular analysis to distinguish it from previously thought to be Kadsura japonica.
Researchers discovered that hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in plant adaptation to sunlight. Plants use H2O2 to signal genes in their cell nuclei, allowing them to adjust and protect photosynthesis. This process ensures plants continue to thrive under varying light conditions.
Petunias use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to attract pollinators and defend against herbivores and pathogens. A newly identified protein helps transport these compounds across cell membranes.
Scientists developed a graphene-based aerogel that meets the needs for flexible electronics by mimicking the structure of the powdery alligator-flag plant. The material is strong, resilient, and supports 6,000 times its own weight.
The study provides detailed information about the genetics of crop plants, enabling breeders to identify key genes responsible for cell wall properties. By linking this data to specific changes in genetic information, researchers can make targeted improvements to support agricultural industries and biofuel production.
Researchers discovered how chemical ripeners increase sucrose storage in sugarcane by stimulating ethylene production. This process enables plants to accumulate more sugar, leading to higher yields and improved profitability for plantation owners.
Researchers develop two-step process to consistently break lignin at one specific chemical bond using electrical potential and blue light, producing pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other household products. The method is cheaper, more environmentally friendly, and suitable for large-scale adoption in industry.
A new method using microphones has been developed to track pollinating bees, which could save farms money by predicting bee activity and pollination services. The researchers recorded bee buzzing sounds using inexpensive equipment and compared them to visual counts, achieving high accuracy.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution identified KIB1 as a crucial component of the brassinosteroid signaling chain, essential for maximizing plant growth and survival. The discovery sheds light on the complex system of hormones guiding plant development and could lead to engineering high-yield crops.
Scientists are developing chickpea varieties that can thrive in arid conditions, aiming to improve yields from 1.5 tonnes to 5 tonnes per hectare. The research uses low-cost imaging and computing techniques to identify resilient traits and develop algorithms for breeding high-performance varieties.
A team has introduced a controlled delivery system for micronutrients based on biohybrid microgels. The system adheres selectively to leaves and slowly releases nutrients, minimizing environmental problems and plant damage.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discover that adding beneficial traits can have negative consequences due to epistasis. They find a case of negative epistasis in a tomato plant and show how to exploit this knowledge to unlock untapped yield potential by adjusting the dosage of genes responsible for different traits.
Surface ozone and anthropogenic aerosol haze pollution in China decrease the regional net primary productivity (NPP) by 9-16% of total NPP, accounting for 16-32% of total anthropogenic carbon emissions. Aerosol direct effects enhance annual NPP by 0.2 Pg C.
A new study by Dr John Dwyer and Professor Daniel Laughlin has improved understanding of how climatic stress controls plant diversity in Australian wildflower communities. The research found that species with different combinations of traits can grow together in certain environments, but are likely to struggle under climate change.
During heat waves, urban trees can significantly increase air pollution levels and the formation of ozone. Researchers found that VOCs from plants contribute to about 6-20% of ozone formation in cities, but this contribution spikes to up to 60% during heat wave periods.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered a gene that is turned on when plants compete for resources, including nitrogen fixing bacteria. This finding has potential implications for reducing manmade fertilizer use in agriculture.
A recent study found that plant and animal stem cells exhibit similar interaction patterns, explaining why plant cells can reprogram more easily. Researchers developed mathematical equations to analyze protein interactions, revealing key differences in cellular flexibility.
Seeds from plants like Pelargonium self-burrow into soil using a helically coiled awn that responds to humidity. The team developed mathematical models to understand the mechanism, which has direct applications to current and next-generation robotics.
Renowned researchers gathered to discuss stevia's health benefits, safety, and innovations in low/zero calorie sweeteners. Stevia was found to not alter during extraction and purification, providing evidence for its naturality, while research on its impact on blood glucose, diabetes, and overall health showed promising results.
Researchers have discovered two new species of parasitic orchids, Gastrodia nipponicoides and Gastrodia okinawanesis, on the main island of Okinawa. The plants are related to the common orchid Gastrodia nipponica but can be distinguished by differences in their petals' lips and column structure.
Jiri Friml, a plant biologist at IST Austria, has received an ERC advanced grant to investigate the evolution of auxin transport and polarity in plants. His research will focus on understanding how plants adapt to environmental changes through the dynamic regulation of PIN transporters.