Articles tagged with Open Access
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers developed an algorithm to predict five-year dementia risk from UK patient records, identifying 930,395 patients. The Dementia Risk Score could help rule out low-risk patients and aid primary care clinicians.
A new carnivorous dinosaur species, Dracoraptor hanigani, has been uncovered in south Wales, potentially dating back to the earliest days of the Jurassic Period. The fossil, discovered in 2014, represents one of the most complete theropod specimens from Wales and may be one of the oldest known Jurassic dinosaurs in the UK.
A new iguana species, L. uniformis, has been discovered in the Andean highlands of Central Chile with consistently colored bodies across males and females. The species' unique coloration is consistent even among individuals from different sexes.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE suggests that the bacteria that causes plague, Y. pestis, may have persisted in Europe for over 300 years, including during the 'Black Death' pandemic. The researchers analyzed ancient DNA from 30 plague victims and found evidence of long-term persistence in a yet unknown reservoir host.
The PhD project plan aims to publish outputs from the whole research cycle using an open science approach. It focuses on digitizing scholarly papers and data, making them more accessible and citable, and ensuring reproducibility.
Staff at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust have reduced waiting times for mental health patients after redesigning their referral system. The results show an improvement in both waiting times and percentage of patients seen within set standards following a single intervention.
The journal publishes methodology and statistics to design better trials, reducing publication bias. It features a new method to make cancer clinical trials more effective, with the first issue now available on ScienceDirect.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology reveals that TDP-43's normal function involves pathologic aggregation, and mutations tilt the balance toward aggregation. The research discovered a region of the protein that promotes its association with membranes, increasing aggregation propensity.
A new experimental paradigm aims to investigate the neural mechanism behind human imagination by synchronizing groups of neurons, known as neuronal ensembles. By combining familiar images or concepts, the brain triggers increased firing rates and synchronization of activities in object-specific neurons.
A new meta-research section in PLOS Biology examines the 'credibility crisis' in science, focusing on study transparency and reproducibility. The section aims to improve research standards in the biological sciences and beyond.
A new key to all North European cuckoo wasp species has been published, featuring descriptions and illustrations of 74 species, including the newly described Chrysis borealis. The research team used DNA sequence information and morphometric analysis to distinguish the new species from its evolutionarily young sibling.
The latest volume of Research on Chrysomelidae celebrates its 30-year legacy, featuring works from a multinational research team and dedicated to Prof. Pierre Jolivet's contributions. New areas for investigation are highlighted, including Madagascar and the impact of deforestation.
Manylabs, a non-profit organization, has opened an open science workspace in San Francisco, offering a collaborative environment for scientists, educators, and innovators. The facility provides lab benches, tools, and prototyping materials, as well as a sunny open office and rooftop sensor test range.
A recent study has identified 116 species of round-waisted predatory beetles in Haleakala volcano, including 74 new to science. The discovery highlights the extreme diversity and abundance of beetle fauna on the volcano, with many species occupying specific microhabitats.
A new tree frog species, Dendropsophus bromeliaceus, has been discovered in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, where tadpoles develop in pooled rainwater stored in bromeliad leaves. The species is distinguished by its small size and unique color pattern.
A systematic review found that many health professionals have limited knowledge of FGM/C, its types, complications, and laws. Despite its illegality in many countries, the medicalization of FGM/C perpetuates this practice.
The African cheetah's migration from North America was costly, resulting in a reduced gene pool and increased inbreeding rates. The species' genetic variation has been severely impacted, with only 90-99% of its original diversity remaining.
A review article discusses novel tissue engineering approaches to repair spinal disc herniation, targeting underlying disc injury or instability. The emerging biological repair methods show promising preclinical outcomes, potentially reducing pain and restoring spine motion.
Researchers discovered strikingly huge organs in tiny cave snails, including enormous kidneys and three-pointed teeth. These adaptations enable the snails to tolerate extreme conditions and survive in environments where others would perish.
A new snake species with pitch black eyes has been discovered in the Andes, shedding light on the region's previously underestimated biodiversity. The Synophis zaheri species measures less than 40 cm in length and features a distinctive appearance, including a highly modified spine and enlarged scale row.
Researchers studied the life cycle of Paracyphononyx scapulatus, a spider parasite that grows on a paralyzed host before killing it to feed. The study found that despite manipulating the host's behavior, the larva still killed its host and consumed it within 48 hours.
A new Black-eyed Satyr species has been described in honor of Sir David Attenborough. The butterfly's unique characteristics led researchers to define its taxonomic placement, which was confirmed by DNA data.
A study found a strong correlation between eggshell porosity and covered or exposed nest types among extant archosaurs. This suggests that eggshell porosity may be used as a proxy for nest type, allowing researchers to infer the type of nest built by extinct archosaurs.
Scientists successfully extracted and sequenced mitochondrial DNA from black widow spider webs, identifying the spider architect and its prey. The detectability of DNA remained consistent for at least 88 days after living organisms were removed.
A study published in ZooKeys reveals patterns of chromosome numbers in antlion lacewings and an owlfly, indicating a possible common ancestor. The researchers found that some antlion species have higher chromosome numbers than expected, which may be ancestral traits.
A new algorithm combines apparent motion of obstacles with a target direction to avoid collisions, resulting in the formation of common routes. This approach is inspired by insects' navigation and can be used for autonomous robots navigating complex environments.
The study expands the known distributional range of five squids, including Abraliopsis and Pterygioteuthis, with surprising finds at depths over 600m. These elasmobranch predators play a vital role in the food web, but their abundance is highly dependent on temperature.
A new, highly modified harvestman species, Iandumoema smeagol, has been discovered in a cave in southeastern Brazil. The species is eyeless and adapted to living underground, with pale yellowish colors and reduced melanistic pigmentation.
Researchers from Brown University found that bats' extra wing mass generates inertial forces to reorient themselves when landing, unlike other flying animals. The discovery may be useful in the development of human-made flying machines.
A Brazilian research team has identified five previously known species and three new ones as separate genera due to distinct physical characteristics. The newly formed Curculionichthys genus includes catfishes with elongated mouths, dark-brown spots, and other unique features.
Researchers simulated predator attacks on ant colonies, revealing coordinated responses to damage. When scouts were removed from the periphery, foraging arms retreated into the nest, while entire colonies fled when workers were removed from the center.
A new moth species, Antaeotricha floridella, has been discovered in Florida's sandhills and scrub with a preference for dry habitats. Its forewings are found to be immaculately white, distinguishing it from its close relative Antaeotricha albulella.
Researchers discovered five new species of long-haired wasps in India, belonging to a previously unknown genus. The wasps' unique features include long hair-like structures along the margins of their wings.
Researchers analyzed 118 proto-porcelain and 35 impressed stoneware sherds, finding distinct chemical profiles that suggest raw materials were sourced locally. The discovery sheds light on the origin of Chinese proto-porcelain and its glazing techniques.
The world's record for the smallest land snail has been broken with the discovery of a minute shell measuring only 0.7 mm in diameter. The study highlights the importance of conserving isolated species such as this one due to their restricted distribution and vulnerability to habitat disruption.
A new study reveals that internationally produced films are more likely to depict characters smoking on screen compared to those made in Hollywood. The research found that up to 97% of films worldwide showed some level of tobacco or alcohol consumption, with a higher prevalence in European and Latin American productions.
Future Science OA has been accepted by the Database of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) for indexing, achieving high levels of openness and publishing standards. The journal's gold open access model ensures unbiased and scientifically accurate content through independent double-blind peer review.
A new study published in PLOS Biology found that people with PTSD have reduced SGK1 protein activity in their prefrontal cortices. Reducing SGK1 activity in rats led to PTSD-like behavior and induced learned helplessness, a key aspect of the disorder.
Researchers discovered that long-distance migrants stay longer at refueling sites and gain weight faster than short-distance birds. This information can inform conservation strategies to mitigate habitat losses and protect shorebird populations.
The study reveals that vultures have a strong immune system due to their diet and genetic adaptations. The cinereous vulture's genome shows variations in genes related to immunity and defense against microbial and viral infections, which may help combat pathogens in their diet.
The International Journal of Qualitative Methods addresses qualitative methodology and related issues across various disciplines. The journal publishes innovative work and provides a global exchange of knowledge and ideas to further qualitative investigation.
Despite failure to meet Millennium Development Goal target, papers showcase positive developments and point the way forward for improved sanitation and drainage in cities. The journal explores persistent gaps in urban sanitation provision and ways to address them.
Scientists have measured the world's smallest free-living insect, a featherwing beetle species, with a precise length of 0.325 mm. This discovery provides new insights into its distribution and diet, revealing a wider range than previously thought.
Two new 'door head' ant species have evolved saucer-like shields to block nest entrances and protect against intruders. Their unique morphologies are the second case of such specialization discovered in Africa.
A new bee fly species, Marleyimyia xylocopae, is described based solely on high-resolution photographs. The researchers emphasize the importance of alternative methods in species description due to difficulties in obtaining permits for collecting specimens.
A team of scientists has confirmed the existence of a previously unknown wild orchid species, known as Dendrochilum hampelii, which was misidentified as 'Big Pink' in flower stalls. The discovery was made through DNA analysis and confirms that the species is separate from its cultivated relatives.
A new study reveals a substantial increase in 'predatory' open access journals, with nearly eightfold growth since 2010. The majority of authors come from Africa and Asia, and prefer lower article-processing charges.
A recent study found that some health apps, despite being clinically-accredited, were transmitting unencrypted personal and health information, compromising user privacy. The study reviewed 79 apps listed on the UK NHS Health Apps Library and found 23 sent identifying info over the internet without encryption.
Researchers found that two wasp species preferred different types of manure, highlighting the importance of identifying fly species for effective control. The study provides guidance on releasing wasps at the right time and frequency to manage horse flies sustainably.
A study published in PeerJ found that people can be identified by their airborne bacterial emissions, which are distinct from those of others. The researchers detected individual signatures within 4 hours using high-throughput sequencing and analyzed settled particles.
A new open-access article provides an overview of the olive fruit fly, its biology and life history, and current control methods. The article discusses various techniques, including biological control programs and cultural practices, to help manage commercial olive orchards.
The new journal Heliyon publishes robust research in various disciplines, including Yard-long beans and cattle studies. The journal aims to improve the author, editor, reviewer, and reader experience using cutting-edge technologies.
Researchers discovered that chameleons have twice the number of wrist and ankle skeletal elements than previously thought, enabling greater rotation and flexibility. This adaptation allowed species to leave ground cover and occupy trees, revolutionizing their climbing ability.
A new study by Malika Ihle and colleagues found that zebra finches choose mates based on stimulation, leading to increased reproductive success. The research suggests that this mate-choice process is essential for the survival of the species, as it maximizes gene perpetuation through successful offspring.
Researchers from various disciplines set eight research axes to improve nutrition science, including sustainability, data analysis, and human behavior. The initiative aims to bring together experts to tackle key challenges in the field.
A gene signature associated with 'healthy ageing' has been identified, allowing for early prediction of age-related diseases like Alzheimer's. The discovery provides a reliable molecular profile for distinguishing people at risk and could transform medical decision-making.
A newly discovered species of eurypterid, a giant 'sea scorpion', has been found in Iowa, measuring over 1.5 meters long and dating back to 460 million years ago. The fossil provides unique insights into the anatomy and behavior of these ancient predators.
Researchers successfully replicated 95 of the original experiments but could only reproduce results in under half of the cases. The study's findings suggest that initial evidence strength is a key predictor of replication success, and that surprising effects are generally harder to replicate.
A recent massive study, conducted by over 270 researchers on five continents, reported that independent researchers could replicate less than half of the original findings. This challenges the validity of some scientific findings and highlights the difficulty in achieving reproducible results.
A new species of crayfish, Cherax snowden, has been identified in West Papua, Indonesia, and is easily distinguishable from its relatives. The species was named after Edward Snowden due to its orange coloration and shape of body.