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Life Sciences

Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.

447,757 articles | 2542 topics

Health and Medicine

Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.

431,843 articles | 751 topics

Social Sciences

Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.

260,756 articles | 745 topics

Physical Sciences

Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.

257,913 articles | 1552 topics

Applied Sciences and Engineering

Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.

225,386 articles | 998 topics

Scientific Community

Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.

193,043 articles | 157 topics

Space Sciences

Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.

29,662 articles | 175 topics

Research Methods

Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.

21,889 articles | 139 topics

Mathematics

Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.

3,023 articles | 113 topics

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Holding back laughter

A research team at the University of Göttingen investigated how laughter can be regulated and found that social cues can strongly interfere with these efforts. The results showed that suppression and distraction were effective strategies to hold back laughter, while cognitive reappraisal could reduce how funny the jokes felt.

Do apes have humor?

Great apes engage in playful teasing behaviors, including provocative actions and one-sided provocation, similar to human infant teasing. This study suggests that the cognitive prerequisites for humor evolved in the human lineage at least 13 million years ago.

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Joking apart: What men and women find funny

A new study published in De Gruyter journal Humor found that men rate visual jokes higher than women, who prefer jokes involving political commentary or dynamics of close relationships. Both sexes enjoyed cartoons with complex romance themes.

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Enhancing foreign language learning with humor: What does and does not work

A study by Prof. Peter Neff from Doshisha University found that students prefer spontaneous verbal humor, cartoons, and memes, while visual humor is the least preferred. The study also revealed that students who appreciate humor in language classes accept the view that language learning should not be dry or humorless.

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Laugh tracks make 'dad jokes' funnier

New evidence suggests that laugh tracks increase the perceived funniness of corny 'dad jokes'. The study found that spontaneous laughter has a greater effect on humor ratings than posed laughter, and this effect holds true for both neurotypical and autistic individuals.

Canned laughter works, finds UCL-led study of 'dad jokes'

A UCL-led study found that adding canned laughter to jokes increases their perceived funniness, while real laughter has a more significant effect. The research also discovered that autistic adults respond equally well to both types of laughter, suggesting comedy may be more accessible to individuals with autism.

Discrimination against older people needs attention, study says

A recent study by Donna Wilson reveals that 48-91% of older adults experience ageism, while 50-98% of younger people admit to discriminatory thoughts or behaviors. The research highlights the need for more comprehensive surveys and anti-ageism legislation to address this pressing issue.

How do babies laugh? Like chimps!

Researchers analyzed laughter clips from 44 infants to children aged 3-18 months and found that youngest babies laughed on both inhalation and exhalation, similar to chimpanzees. Older babies primarily laughed on the exhale, as seen in older children and adults.

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Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Ability to identify genuine laughter transcends culture, UCLA-led study finds

A new study by UCLA communication researcher Greg Bryant found that people across cultures and continents can tell the difference between a fake laugh and a real one. The study, published in Psychological Science, used recordings of laughs from English-speaking friends and women who laughed on command to test participants' ability to i...

For boys at risk of psychopathy, laughter isn't so contagious

Research found that boys at risk of psychopathy have impaired ability to respond to laughter, with reduced brain activity in regions associated with social affiliation. This suggests they may not experience the world in the same way as peers, leading to different choices and behaviors.

Booty, booby and nitwit: Academics reveal funniest words

Researchers at the University of Warwick found that certain words are perceived as funnier when read on their own. The study, which analyzed over 800 participants and 5000 random words, revealed that men and women have different preferences for humorous words.

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Laughter-based exercise program has health benefits, study finds

A study led by Georgia State University found that incorporating laughter into a physical activity program can improve the mental health, aerobic endurance, and confidence of older adults. The LaughActive program, which includes playful simulated laughter exercises, also increases motivation to participate in exercise.

Low-income, rural mothers express need for family time outdoors

A study by Kimberly Greder at Iowa State University found that low-income, rural mothers value outdoor activities with their families for improved physical and emotional health. The research highlights the need for accessible outdoor spaces in small rural communities to support healthy lifestyles.

Human sounds convey emotions clearer and faster than words

Researchers found that human brains recognize emotions through vocalizations just one-tenth of a second faster than speech, with anger signals producing longer brain activity. Anxious individuals exhibit a faster response to emotional voices compared to less anxious participants.

Complex humor is no laughing matter

Research finds that cognitive constraints on mentalizing limit joke complexity to maintain humor; two-character jokes with up to five levels of intentionality are most effective. Professional comedians must balance cleverness with audience comprehension.

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Laughter, then love: Study explores why humor is important in romantic attraction

Research suggests that humor plays a crucial role in attracting romantic partners. Men who can make their partner laugh are more likely to be interested in dating them. On the other hand, studies found no connection between humor and intelligence. The study proposes that shared laughter is a stronger indicator of romantic interest than...

Quick to laugh or smile? It may be in your genes

A new study found that people with a certain genetic variant, short alleles of the gene 5-HTTLPR, displayed greater genuine smiling and laughing while watching cartoons or subtly amusing film clips. The research suggests that this genetic variant may be associated with positive emotional expressions.

Why 'I'm so happy I could cry' makes sense

Yale psychologist Oriana Aragon's study reveals that people cry when they're happy to restore emotional balance. Individuals who express negative reactions to positive news can better moderate intense emotions.

Study gauges humor by age

A study by University of Akron researcher Jennifer Tehan Stanley found that young and middle-aged adults consider aggressive humor funny, whereas older adults do not. The study suggests our concept of what is funny may evolve over time as we age.

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UCLA's 'Laughter Guy' dissects features of counterfeit chortling

A UCLA study reveals that genuine laughs share acoustic properties with animal laughter, while fake laughs sound distinct, suggesting humans have evolved to detect deception through laughter. The researchers analyzed recordings of real and fake laughs, finding breathy sounds were more prevalent in genuine laughs.

Is laughter really the best medicine?

Researchers found that laughter can increase pain thresholds, reduce arterial wall stiffness, and lower heart attack risk, but also cause adverse effects like heart rupture, asthma attacks, and hernias.

Willpower alone is not enough

Researchers found that unconscious motivation can influence willpower, with strong power and achievement motivations leading to better performance. The study suggests increasing internal motivation through targeted incentives can help employees overcome challenges with less energy.

Is gallows humor in medicine wrong?

The article explores the ethics of gallows humor in medicine, with author Katie Watson arguing that some joking between medical professionals can be beneficial. She suggests that the key to deciding when gallows humor is okay lies in understanding the intent and impact of jokes on patients and power dynamics.

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Laughter has positive impact on vascular function

A study published by the European Society of Cardiology found that watching a funny movie can positively impact vascular function, expanding blood vessels and improving cardiovascular health. The research suggests that incorporating laughter into daily life may be beneficial in preventing heart disease.

No laughing matter: Laughter can play key role in group dynamics

A study from North Carolina State University found that laughter can be used strategically to control communication and affect group dynamics in serious settings. Laughter was used by jurors to release tension and acknowledge errors, facilitating the decision-making process.

People think immoral behavior is funny -- but only if it also seems benign

A recent study published in Psychological Science found that people find humor in moral violations when they seem harmless or non-threatening. The researchers tested this theory by presenting volunteers with different scenarios and rewarding them with candy bars. They discovered that the situations involving a moral violation were more...

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Sexist jokes favor the mental mechanisms that justify violence against women

A recent study from the University of Granada found that sexist jokes can favor mental mechanisms that justify violence against women. The research involved a group of male university students who were shown two series of jokes, one with sexist content and another without. Those who watched the sexist jokes showed increased tolerance f...

New study finds anticipating a laugh reduces our stress hormones

Researchers found that anticipating a positive humorous laughter experience reduces potentially detrimental stress hormones, while increasing beneficial chemicals like beta-endorphins and human growth hormone. The study suggests that seeking out positive experiences can help reduce stress and boost overall well-being.

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Researchers find older folks don't get the joke

Older adults experience cognitive decline that affects their ability to comprehend humor, according to Washington University researchers. However, this decline does not mean they cannot understand humor, and previous experiences, preferences, and personality play a significant role in humor comprehension.

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Researcher says Halloween no laughing matter for many youngsters

Halloween is a festival of inversion where children turn traditional roles upside down, dressing up in grown-up costumes and demanding treats from adults. Cindy Dell Clark's research highlights how the holiday exposes young children to their fears when they encounter death-themed decorations.

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Laughter-induced asthma: It's no joke

A study of 235 patients with asthma found that laughter-induced asthma (LIA) is a common condition, affecting 56% of patients. Patients with LIA reported longer periods of well-controlled asthma during which they could laugh without experiencing symptoms, suggesting that LIA may indicate poorly controlled asthma.

Humor can increase hope, research shows

A study by Texas A&M University psychologist David H. Rosen found that watching a comedy video significantly increased participants' scores for hopefulness. The finding suggests humor can be a legitimate strategy for relieving stress and maintaining well-being while increasing hope.

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Laughter helps blood vessels function better

A study found that laughter increased beneficial blood vessel relaxation by 22%, while mental stress caused a 35% decrease. Laughter offsets the negative impact of mental stress on the endothelium, which regulates blood flow and cardiovascular health.

Laughter helps patients communicate emotion in therapy sessions

Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that patients use laughter to convey emotional intensity during psychotherapy, while therapists' laughter magnifies this effect. The study suggests that therapists should pay attention to when patients laugh, as it may indicate the need for further exploration of emotions.

Appreciation of humor doesn't change with age

A Canadian study found that appreciation and emotional reactiveness to humor doesn't change with age. However, the ability to comprehend more complex forms of humor diminishes in later years due to decreased cognitive abilities. Older adults still enjoy a good laugh but struggle with understanding nuanced humor.

Sexual harassment on sitcoms not so funny, researcher says

A Penn State sociologist analyzed five NBC sitcoms from 1997-98, finding a high rate of gender harassment and a lower but still troubling rate of sexual harassment. The researcher argues that these incidents perpetuate a hostile work environment and minimize the seriousness of sexual harassment.

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The acoustics of laughter

A team of psychologists studied 1024 laughter episodes from young adults watching funny video clips. They found interesting sex differences in laugh types and pitches, with women producing more song-like laughs than men. Laughter is surprisingly high-pitched, with some laughs reaching frequencies of over 2,000 Hz.