Global crop-growing regions will experience changes in rainfall patterns by 2040, even if Paris Agreement targets are met. Up to 14% of wheat and maize land will be drier while up to 31% will be wetter.
Two universities have collaborated to overcome a fundamental hurdle in building quantum computers in silicon. This collaboration opens the way for further development of machines at scale, enabling billions of qubits to be built in complex arrays.
A study found that climate change and wildfires can lead to abrupt loss of low-elevation forests due to reduced tree regeneration after disturbances. Annual climate conditions now cross critical thresholds at most study sites, making it challenging for trees to regenerate.
Physicists at the University of Basel have demonstrated spontaneous spin polarization in a two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide. The phenomenon occurs due to interactions between electrons and weak spin-orbit coupling, contradicting a well-known theorem from the 1960s.
Researchers have developed a method to use atovaquone-coated mosquito bed nets to cure mosquitoes and prevent malaria spread. The treatment could be more effective and less harmful than current methods.
A new, wallaby-sized herbivorous dinosaur named Galleonosaurus dorisae has been identified from five fossilized upper jaws found in 125 million-year-old rocks in southeastern Australia. The discovery confirms that the diversity of small-bodied dinosaurs was unusually high in the ancient rift valley.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh found evidence that a juvenile T. rex fed on a plant-eating Edmontosaurus dinosaur, despite lacking adult bone-crushing abilities. The discovery provides insight into how T. rex developed changes in diet and feeding habits as it grew.
A research team has successfully computed millions of highly accurate atomic data for neodymium ions, enabling studies of the origin of precious metals like gold and platinum. The findings show that the light of a kilonova, emitted by neutron star mergers, contains abundant heavy elements.
A study by University of Pennsylvania sociologists found that high-income residents moving into tech-enabled neighborhoods increase carbon emissions, displacing low-income populations. The research highlights the need for affordable housing and sustainable planning to counteract gentrification's negative effects.
Researchers analyzed sentinel chickens to detect Eastern equine encephalitis virus, finding its presence year-round in the Florida Panhandle. A new hand-washing product, SuperTowel, shows potential to limit disease spread in humanitarian crises. The global 'pandemic' of fake medicines kills over 250,000 children annually.
Catherine Costello has made a lasting impact in proteomics with her groundbreaking research on biologically important polymers and their structures. She is the author of over 375 scientific papers and has received numerous awards for her contributions to mass spectrometry.
Elevated soothability in infants was associated with increased likelihood of early childhood obesity and shorter breastfeeding duration. Infant temperaments of elevated soothability and activity also linked to early introduction of sugary drinks, contributing to obesity risk.
Researchers at Portland State University will study a novel method of generating electricity from ocean waves using adjustable magnetic springs. The goal is to create cost-effective and smaller devices that can harness wave energy more efficiently.
Researchers at Northwestern University found that schools with diverse mission statements show improved cardiovascular health in students of color. These environments tend to be more supportive and inclusive, leading to better academic success and reduced discipline rates.
Researchers in the EPic Lab have made a breakthrough in developing a crucial element of an atomic clock, improving efficiency by 80%. The technology has the potential to revolutionize navigation systems, potentially replacing satellite mapping like GPS within 20 years.
Researchers at the University of Bradford have identified a new biomarker that could help diagnose PAH earlier, potentially leading to better treatment options. The study reveals how a faulty gene affects cell death regulation in the blood vessels.
A recent study has found that Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) acts as a sensor to mechanical forces generated by the cytoskeleton, activating biochemical signals regulating cell migration. This discovery provides new insights into how cancer cells invade and metastasize, potentially leading to therapies targeting this mechanism.
A recent NIH study found that nearly one-third of preteens (ages 10-12) screen positive for suicide risk in emergency department settings. This highlights the need for universal youth suicide risk screening, which may save lives and prevent undetected cases.
Physicists have solved a 50-year-old mystery in beta decay, a process that drives stellar explosions and synthesizes elements. Using advanced computing power, researchers found that the beta decay rate for an atomic nucleus is more complicated than initially thought.
Researchers found that note-taking during trials enhances jurors' recall of critical evidence and influences verdicts. Jurors with faster handwriting speed, higher short-term memory capacity, and better sustained attention remembered more incriminating evidence, leading to a greater likelihood of finding the defendant guilty.
A recent study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that people in rural communities are more vulnerable to both hot and cold temperature extremes than those living in urban areas. The disparity was greater for women, older adults, and those with poor public health system coverage.
Guidelines update suggest children can begin some activity sooner, as long as symptoms don't worsen. Average time to move through stages of recovery varies from 48 hours to six weeks.
A new study using ice cores and tree rings reveals a third massive solar storm in history, occurring in 660 BCE, with others in 775 CE and 994 CE. These rare events pose a risk to electrical grids, communication systems, and air traffic.
Researchers at Saarland University have developed magnetic field sensors that can detect biomagnetic fields produced by the human body under normal ambient conditions. The sensors can detect signal strengths far below a billionth of a tesla, enabling non-contact medical diagnostics and geophysical applications.
A study found that parents who use e-cigarettes are more likely to allow vaping in homes and cars than those who smoke traditional cigarettes. However, most parents reported having strict smoke-free policies in their homes, but these policies were not always enforced.
Researchers analyzed honey from urban beehives to detect pollutants like lead and zinc. The study found higher element concentrations near downtown areas with heavy traffic and industrial activity, suggesting potential manmade sources of pollution.
A new framework for global species monitoring has been developed to improve tracking of biodiversity trends worldwide. The framework, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, aims to address the 'woefully inadequate' current information on species populations and ecosystems.
UK researchers found that mobile devices are increasingly used during alone-together time with parents, increasing by nearly 30 minutes a day between 2000 and 2015. Despite this, shared activities like eating and watching TV remained unchanged at around 90 minutes per day.
A research team at Osaka University has identified a genetic factor essential for the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major threat to public health globally. The study reveals that the cbpJ gene is under strict negative selective pressure, making it an attractive target for drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The UK Biobank has released a vast tranche of new genetic data linked to detailed health records, offering an unprecedented resource for understanding human biology and aiding therapeutic discovery. The data includes novel loss of function associations with large effects on disease risk, such as between PIEZO1 and varicose veins.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory create a new technique called ultrafast surface X-ray scattering to study the motion of atoms in single atomic crystals. The method reveals counterintuitive effects on atomic behavior, shedding light on the properties of two-dimensional materials.
Researchers found that cash transfer programs can exacerbate environmental degradation, particularly in rural areas where livelihoods depend on natural resources. The study suggests that these programs need to be implemented with environmental policies to maximize their effectiveness.
A collaborative study between Seattle Children's Research Institute and Microsoft data scientists found that smoking during pregnancy doubles the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). The study estimated that up to 800 deaths from SUID could be prevented each year if women smoked no cigarettes during pregnancy.
A new study found that urban children with poorly controlled asthma experience higher school absences and lower academic performance. Ethnic minority children, particularly Latino kids, face greater disparities in academic outcomes due to unique stressors related to their background and migration experiences.
New research finds that smaller doses of solar geoengineering could work in tandem with emission cuts to lower the risks of a changing climate. The study suggests that no IPCC-defined region would be made worse off, with big uncertainties remaining but potentially uniform benefits across the globe.
Research reveals that supporting local communities with cultural, spiritual, and economic connections to pollinators is key to effective conservation. The study suggests that policies like biocultural conservation can foster pollinator protection and sustainable management of resources.
Researchers suggest that bursts of evolutionary activity occurred earlier and were more frequent than previously thought, giving rise to a longer timeline for complex life on Earth. This challenges the traditional view of the Cambrian Explosion as a single, rapid surge of evolution.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that the gender-based salary gap persists among academic emergency medicine physicians, with a $12,000 disparity remaining unchanged. The study suggests that deliberate strategies be developed to train employers on preventing gender bias and prioritize pay parity.
A recent study by University at Buffalo researcher Yingjie Hu analyzed neighborhood reviews from over 7,600 users on Niche.com to identify features of neighborhoods that people talked about online. The analysis revealed discrepancies between reviewers' perceptions and other data, such as crime statistics and employment rates.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a novel solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) to improve the stability of lithium metal batteries, allowing for increased energy density and safety. The SEI is made from a reactive polymer composite that creates a stable bond between the lithium electrode and electrolyte.
A study by RAND Corporation finds that nocturia, a health condition causing frequent nighttime bathroom visits, can lead to economic losses of $44.4 billion annually in the US. People suffering from nocturia report lower life satisfaction and work engagement, resulting in lost productivity and GDP.
Researchers report an assay that uses cell-free DNA mutations and protein biomarkers to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in asymptomatic individuals. In a sample of 331 hepatitis B virus-infected individuals, the assay correctly identified 17% who had liver cancer without symptoms.
A recent study from University of Eastern Finland reveals that persons with Alzheimer's disease have approximately 30% higher risk of head injuries. Falls are the most common cause of these injuries, which can lead to shortened life expectancy and loss of daily activities.
Researchers propose a new method to measure and track plant and animal populations, known as the 'hypercube,' which can generate health stats for the planet. The goal is to provide policymakers with accurate information to make sound conservation decisions, including assessing progress toward national and international policy goals.
Researchers used Raman spectroscopy to map biomolecular changes in radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive human lung tumors and head and neck tumors. They found statistically significant differences in lipid and collagen content that could potentially identify treatment-resistant tumors early.
A new study by New York University researchers found that five-month-old infants can differentiate between laughter from friends and strangers. The ability to detect the nature of social relationships is thought to be an early emerging tool in human infancy, possibly due to a detection system using vocal cues.
A study using models of infection and hospital behavior found that matching dollar-for-dollar subsidies for low-transmission rates yielded the greatest reduction in infected patients. This approach effectively encourages hospitals to prioritize infection control efforts.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that sepsis was present in over 50% of terminal hospitalizations and accounted for 35% of all deaths. However, only one in twenty-five sepsis-associated deaths were considered moderately or highly likely preventable.
Researchers at Aalto University have successfully controlled energy losses and shifts in a high-quality superconducting resonator, allowing for increased dissipation rate on demand. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of larger-scale quantum computers and innovative quantum technological devices.
A human neuroimaging study suggests that intentionally redirecting attention away from an unwanted experience during memory formation and suppressing its retrieval once formed can facilitate forgetting. The research provides evidence for a new link between voluntary control of visual attention and long-term memory fate.
Aging retinal pigment epithelial cells undergo senescence due to increased oxidative stress, leading to age-related macular degeneration. Researchers found that inhibiting post-translational modifications, specifically SUMOylation, can alleviate this process, reducing SASP genes expression and proinflammatory factors.
Selenocysteine is an essential amino acid for certain species, including humans and vertebrates, while others have lost it. Researchers from the Centre for Genomic Regulation have discovered that nine out of 1,000 fungi genomes contain selenocysteine.
The discovery of fossilized monkey teeth in West Turkana, Kenya, fills a 6-million-year gap in Old World monkey evolution. The newly found teeth, belonging to the species Alophia metios, have primitive dentition, lacking 'lophs,' and are believed to be adapted to a diet of hard fruits, seeds, and nuts.
Researchers developed a mechanized cane that measures patients' rehabilitation process, providing individualized information on their progress. The device is adaptable to users, low-cost, and has been downloaded by over 150 researchers worldwide.
Developed by Zhang et al., the CS-WD-WNN model outperforms other models in wind speed prediction with high accuracy, providing essential data for wind farm operations.
A recent study by University of Wyoming researcher Bryan Shuman found connections between Atlantic Ocean changes, centuries-long droughts, and forest transformations over the past 8,000 years. The study's predictability framework helps anticipate future climate-driven weather and ecosystem shifts.
A new study by Ohio University professor Dr. M. Laeeq Khan found that media and information literacy are key factors in recognizing misinformation on social media. The study suggests that individuals with strong information verification skills are less likely to share misinformation online.
Researchers developed a laser-driven photoacoustic microfluidic pump that moves fluids in any direction without mechanical parts or electrical contacts. The device uses a plasmonic quartz plate implanted with gold atoms to generate an ultrasonic wave, driving the fluid via acoustic streaming.
A European project called SHIFT aims to engage the over-45s in discussions about sexual health, improving their understanding and access to services. The project links 11 organizations across Europe and is expected to reach 150,000 people and increase awareness by 50%.
A new study of macaque monkeys found that shorter birth intervals are associated with higher mortality rates in offspring. The research suggests a biological link between birth intervals and offspring mortality, consistent with previous studies on human birth intervals.