A team of researchers used computer modeling to discover that water-rich magmas are more buoyant and fluid than previously thought, allowing them to rise through the upper mantle towards the surface. This discovery provides new insight into the deep Earth water cycle and its connection to Earth's habitability.
Researchers identified that the changing weight of ice sheets caused the entire landscape to tilt, changing the course of the Missoula megafloods. This finding provides a new perspective on Washington state's Channeled Scablands, carved by massive floods at the end of the last ice age.
The UK has allocated £40 million to support four major research studies tackling key global environmental challenges. The projects will develop solutions for net zero cities, improve biodiversity, help rural communities adapt to climate change, and provide evidence for policy decisions.
Researchers at University of California - Riverside observe time crystals in a system not isolated from its environment, achieving a major breakthrough. The all-optical time crystal uses a disk-shaped magnesium fluoride glass resonator and has potential applications in accurate measurements and precision timekeeping.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine significantly improved protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. The study's results suggest that three doses of the vaccine provide greater benefit than two doses in preventing these outcomes.
A new study found that audio music consumption decreased by over 12% during the pandemic, while people turned to video platforms for entertainment. The researchers attributed this shift to human mobility playing a larger role in music consumption than previously thought.
The COXEN GC score was a significant predictor of overall survival when looking at both treatment groups combined. The study found no association between COXEN scores and progression-free survival, but the biomarker may serve as a potential tool to improve patient outcomes.
A new electrocatalyst, Co2MnO4 spinel, shows high stability in acid environments for the oxygen evolution reaction. The researchers used density functional theoretical calculations and multi-dissolution pathways to explain its high stability.
A new Northwestern Medicine study reveals that more than half of young women in the US have at least one risk factor for poor heart health before pregnancy. Optimizing heart health before and during pregnancy can prevent complications, deliver a healthy baby, and even reduce the risk of heart disease years later.
A new study analyzed data from over 27,000 patients with multiple sclerosis to understand the impact of relapses on long-term outcomes. The research found that progression independent of relapse activity can start early in relapsing remitting MS and becomes the dominant driver of disability accumulation as the disease evolves.
A study found that individuals with lower-income levels and those without health insurance tend to incur higher out-of-pocket expenses for COVID-19 hospital care. The magnitude of these expenses was also influenced by the patient's insurance status, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to mitigate financial burdens.
A new study by Oregon State University found that kelp forests tend towards stability in areas with high substrate complexity, which retains 'drift algae' that urchins prefer to eat. This suggests that restoration efforts targeting these areas could create 'hotspots of resilience.'
Researchers have discovered a gene variant that protects against Alzheimer's disease by increasing the activity of brain immune cells called microglia. The P522R variant also enhances the activation of other important aspects of immune function, suggesting potential new strategies for treating or preventing the disease.
Researchers at Eötvös Loránd University have identified the molecular mechanism behind an important form of RNA modification, which can lead to genetic disorders. The discovery could pave the way for targeted RNA modifications and gene therapies.
Scientists resolve decades-long debate on Antarctic Ice Sheet sensitivity, finding it vulnerable to small CO2 fluctuations. Research shows that large portions of the ice sheet could have disappeared under current CO2 levels.
Researchers have discovered a strange new type of star with surfaces composed of carbon and oxygen, the by-product of helium burning. The stars' unusual composition suggests they may have formed through rare stellar mergers, but current models cannot fully explain their origins.
Zhisheng Yan at George Mason University has received a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to develop a cyberinfrastructure for panoramic video analytics. The project aims to enable online analytics and innovative applications in science and engineering monitoring.
Seagrasses form methane from methylated compounds, which persist in plant tissue for decades, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is highly efficient and robust against environmental stresses in seagrass meadows.
Researchers found AI-synthesized faces to be nearly indistinguishable from real faces and rated as more trustworthy. The study's results have significant implications for the spread of manipulated images, including potential use in revenge porn and propaganda.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have an increased risk of mortality. The study suggests that understanding the underlying reasons for these associations could lead to targeted strategies to prevent avoidable deaths.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a process to synthesize ammonia from its constituent molecules of nitrogen and hydrogen at ambient pressure, paving the way for efficient use in renewable energy applications. The new method utilizes lithium hydride as a molecular scaffold to prevent clumping and increase reaction speed.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that the environmental impacts of corn ethanol far outweigh its benefits, with carbon emissions potentially negating any climate advantages. The research highlights the need to shift towards next-generation biofuels and improve efficiency, electrification, and policy-making.
A new study found concentrations of pharmaceuticals at potentially toxic levels in over a quarter of the world's rivers, including major waterways like the Thames and Amazon. The research highlights the need for increased monitoring to mitigate environmental impacts.
New research links structural sexism and anti-LGB stigma with increased risk of preterm birth and decreased birth weight, regardless of the mother's sexual orientation. The study found that these systemic issues can limit access to reproductive health care and socioeconomic opportunities, contributing to adverse birth outcomes.
The review suggests that Telenomus remus has high potential to successfully suppress fall armyworm and related pests. A regional approach could work well, and the use of T. remus will be best done as part of an Integrated Pest Management programme.
SourceCABI·JournalCABI Agriculture and Bioscience·TypeLiterature review·DateFeb 14, 2022
Researchers will test the effectiveness of WeCAN, a group-based treatment designed to teach long-lasting management skills to individuals with traumatic brain injury and dementia. The study aims to identify behavioral, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers that correlate with treatment efficacy.
The KATRIN experiment has achieved a new upper limit on neutrino mass of 0.8 eV, entering the cosmologically and particle-physically important sub-eV mass range. This is the first time that a direct neutrino mass experiment has reached this sensitivity.
A team of scientists used genetic testing to uncover the tactics of international criminal networks behind ivory trafficking out of Africa. The analysis linked most large ivory shipments to a handful of interconnected smuggling networks, expanding efforts to track and seize illicit shipments.
Results from the Phase III EMPOWER trial demonstrate the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor cemiplimab in improving overall survival for women with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical cancer. The study showed a 31% lower risk of death in patients receiving cemiplimab compared to chemotherapy.
Researchers are developing systems to detect, characterize and track objects in cislunar space, or the space between Earth and the moon, to prevent lunar traffic jams and congestion.
Yi-Ching Lee, a George Mason University Assistant Professor, has received funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation for his graduate fellowship in transportation-related disciplines. He will conduct research on vehicle-to-interface communication systems to improve the deployment and design of these systems.
The study of Mercury's dynamic magnetosphere reveals large variations in the solar wind at perihelion and aphelion. Magnetic reconnection events, including flux transfer event 'showers', significantly contribute to the Dungey cycle and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere coupling.
Researchers designed a nanocleaner that specifically targets the blood-brain barrier at lesions to clean toxic proteins like A± and regulate inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The nanocleaner, containing rapamycin and KLVFF peptide, accelerates ± degradation and alleviates oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response.
A new study by Tohoku University researchers found that brain training with neurofeedback enhances cognitive functions, particularly episodic memory and working memory. The study, published in Brain Sciences, suggests that increased brain activity during training is key to unlocking its benefits.
KAUST researchers have developed a flexible statistical model to analyze environmental data, revealing niches where existing methods fall short. The study provides a new approach to modeling dependence structures, highlighting the importance of understanding model limitations and extrapolation beyond observed data.
A research team discovered that human eggs are missing the protein KIFC1, which acts as a molecular motor to stabilize spindle poles during cell division. This finding opens up new avenues for therapeutic approaches to reduce chromosome segregation errors in human eggs.
Researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science created the first-ever 2D map of the Overhauser field in organic LEDs, revealing local spin variations that can impact device performance. The study highlights challenges in miniaturizing organic-based sensing technologies for practical applications.
A new microscope allows for real-time aberration-free dynamic speckle microscopy using compressed time-reversal matrix technology. This enables almost real-time volumetric adaptive optical imaging with reduced data acquisition time and improved lateral resolution.
Researchers at Tsinghua University Press developed a nanoplatform that non-invasively eliminates solid liver cancer tumors in mice within a single five-minute dose. The treatment, which combines three mechanisms, achieves tumor eradication without perceivable side effects.
Researchers at University of Gothenburg discover a link between micro-stress and increased blood pressure, identifying a brain area controlling conscious motor skills. The study opens the door to influencing BP spikes and preventing hypertension through training.
A recent study by a UT graduate student has unraveled the enigma of how tectonic plates break Earth's rock-hard shell. By monitoring seismic images and matching them with rock samples, the researcher found that a small break in the Australian plate grew over millions of years until it unzipped and set in motion a runaway geologic process.
The research team measured Rényi entanglement entropy at DQCP and found scaling behaviour that contradicts conventional LGW phase transition descriptions. The findings confirm a revolutionised understanding of phase transition theory and raise questions about deconfined quantum criticality.
A research team developed hybrid photoreceptors that mimic the retina's rod cells, enabling efficient artificial retina networks. The photoreceptors exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties, including high capacitance and charging & discharging efficiencies.
A comprehensive analysis of over 2,200 patients in Europe reveals the complexity of cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The study highlights the need for education programs to raise awareness and improve early diagnosis, survival, and quality of life.
Computer simulations reveal subtle changes in density near a stiff pillar cause a broader concentration of force than expected. The study's findings suggest that even small variations can significantly impact the properties of composite materials.
Thirumalai Venkatesan's research aims to create a human-brain like computing system using quantum technology. His team has discovered a wonder molecule that enables molecular devices to mimic the brain's logic and reconfigure physical wiring, leading to enhanced computational power and reduced energy consumption.
A study using modified network modeling found that South African residents were likely to leave areas with climate instability, while regions with more reliable climates attracted migrants. Socioeconomic factors, such as unemployment rates, also played a role in migration patterns.
As people age, their brains allocate more space to accumulated knowledge, making memory retrieval challenging. However, this prior experience can also enhance creativity and decision-making skills.
Researchers developed a novel wearable soft robotic armband that conveys artificial sensations of touch to prosthetic hands, enabling users to control multiple grasp functions simultaneously. The study showed improved time efficiency and precision in transporting objects, with haptic feedback being crucial for tasks.
A new CU Boulder analysis found that a subset of climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) project between 3.6 and 5.4 degrees F of warming by 2100, with a median of 3.96 F. This is cautiously optimistic good news compared to worst-case scenarios that projected as much as 7.2 or 9 F of warming.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen found hundreds of chemical substances in tap water stored in reusable plastic bottles, including some potentially harmful to human health. The study revealed that machine washing and dishwasher use can increase the leaching of toxic substances from the plastic.
A real-world study found that mechanical thrombectomy reduced post-stroke disability in nearly half of ischemic stroke patients. The study analyzed 1,000 adult patients and found that clot composition played a role in recovery outcomes.
A meta-analysis of 33 interventions targeting STI/HIV risk reduction found that including pleasure can improve knowledge and attitudes around sex, as well as condom use. The review suggests revisiting sexual education approaches that acknowledge the pleasurable aspects of human experience.
Researchers at NGI demonstrate improved spin transport characteristics in nanoscale graphene-based electronic devices, achieving up to 130,000cm²/Vs mobility. The study also reveals spin diffusion lengths approaching 20μm, comparable to the best graphene spintronic devices demonstrated to date.
Chronic pain may lead to changed eating behavior and obesity due to altered brain responses to sugar and fat. Brain scans reveal a smaller nucleus accumbens in patients with chronic pain who experience disrupted satiety signals.
Researchers found that negative emotions during dreams are associated with rapid eye movements in bursts, while positive emotions correlate with slow eye movements. This study provides new understanding of the role of REM sleep in regulating emotions and its link to mental health.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have identified a cascade of inflammatory signaling that precedes skin ulcers in atopic dermatitis. A mouse model lacking an activator of NF-kB signaling led to the development of skin lesions, shedding light on the early stages of the condition.
An international research team has assessed European vascular plant species and found that 7-9% are globally endangered. This study addresses the significant data gap in global Red List of Threatened Species, with nearly 90% of known plant species lacking threat assessments.
Researchers developed novel bioplastics using lysine-rich proteins, offering improved durability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The bioplastics can be produced without toxic chemicals or complex processing steps, making them a promising alternative for packaging, toys, and other applications.
SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 11, 2022
Researchers analyzed severe strokes in children and found that those who received mechanical clot removal had significantly better recovery outcomes compared to those who did not. The study suggests that mechanical clot removal may be beneficial for children after severe stroke, and health systems should improve access to this treatment.