Scientists launched four rockets from Alaska to measure x-ray emissions, determine the impact of water on the upper atmosphere, and form Polar Mesospheric clouds. One rocket studied diffuse X-rays from space, while another investigated the formation and dynamics of PMCs.
Emission line galaxies, or cosmic lanterns, help us understand the composition and fate of the Universe. These galaxies show strong emission lines from heated gas, allowing precise distance determination and insight into galaxy formation and evolution.
A new study in Nature Communications reveals the link between exploding stars, clouds, and climate on Earth. The research shows that atmospheric ions produced by cosmic rays accelerate the growth of aerosols into cloud condensation nuclei, influencing cloud formation and climate.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast led an international team that studied the mysterious `Oumuamua object, finding it has a dry crust similar to icy bodies covered with carbon-rich material. The team discovered this coating could have protected the object's icy interior from vaporizing, even when passing close to our sun.
Researchers have solved a six-decade-old mystery about the source of energetic particles in Earth's inner radiation belt using data from a CubeSat. The study found that cosmic rays born from supernova explosions create charged particles, including electrons, that become trapped by Earth's magnetic field.
Three mathematicians argue that Einstein's General Relativity theory predicts cosmic acceleration due to an instability, contradicting the need for dark energy. The unstable Friedmann space-time exhibits accelerating local space-times with similar cosmic accelerations as dark energy theories.
A University of Colorado Boulder student-built satellite has solved a 60-year-old mystery regarding the source of energetic and potentially damaging particles in Earth's radiation belts. The study found that these particles are created by cosmic rays entering the atmosphere, producing charged particles trapped by Earth's magnetic field.
Researchers will track ultra-heavy cosmic rays using the Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (SuperTIGER) instrument. The mission seeks to understand how and where heavy elements are formed in stars.
The DAMPE mission has published its first scientific results, presenting precise measurements of cosmic ray electron flux and a spectral break at ~0.9 TeV. This data may help clarify the connection between the positron anomaly and particle dark matter annihilation or decay.
Researchers have successfully visualized terahertz radiation by converting it into bright, visible light using the rattling motion of oxygen ions in a cage-like structure. The crystal, called mayenite, is composed of calcium, aluminum, and oxygen, making it an inexpensive material with potential applications in T-ray detection.
Physicists at MIT have designed a pocket-sized cosmic ray muon detector that can be made with common electrical parts. The relatively simple device costs just $100 and can be used by students to measure muon rates in various environments.
Researchers used the HAWC Observatory to study two nearby pulsars, Geminga and PSR B0656+14, which produced high-energy positrons in cosmic rays. The analysis found that while pulsar radiation contributed some positrons, it was not enough to explain the excess.
Researchers used laser-created plasmas to simulate astrophysical behavior, finding two processes that transfer energy from magnetic reconnection to particles. Fermi acceleration and X-line acceleration were identified as key mechanisms.
The University of Arizona Health Sciences has been awarded a $943,000 grant to study the effects of simulated space radiation on the human gastrointestinal tract. The Human-Microbial Cross-Talk 'gut-on-a-chip' platform will provide insights into how solar events and cosmic rays affect humans in space.
The CALET experiment has successfully measured the cosmic-ray electron spectrum up to 3 TeV, providing insight into the origin and acceleration of cosmic rays. The findings suggest the presence of nearby astrophysical sources, such as pulsars or dark matter annihilation.
A proposed NASA mission employs lobster-eye optics to locate the source of gravitational waves, a key feature in understanding cosmic ripples. The Transient Astrophysics Observatory on the International Space Station aims to characterize and alert other observatories to these events.
Scientists at Oregon State University predicted a short gamma-ray burst detection, which was confirmed just a month later. The OSU team predicted the event based on their understanding of binary neutron star systems and gravitational waves.
The Pierre Auger Observatory detects a large-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8×10^18 eV, indicating their extragalactic origin. Researchers believe the source region may be located near the Milky Way galaxy.
The Cherenkov Telescope Array's (CTA) updated science case outlines the observatory's major science themes and potential discoveries in astrophysics and fundamental physics. CTA will explore extreme environments, probe cosmic voids, and search for dark matter, with the potential for unexpected breakthroughs.
Research detects 30,000 high-energy particles with energies a million times greater than the LHC, finding that flux from certain regions of the sky is approximately 6% higher than uniform, indicating an extragalactic origin. The Pierre Auger Observatory detects these particles and analyzes their arrival directions.
The Pierre Auger Collaboration reports that cosmic rays with energies a million times greater than the protons accelerated in the Large Hadron Collider come from much further away. The study discovered an anisotropy in the arrival directions of over 30,000 cosmic particles, indicating an extragalactic origin.
A decade-long study by the Pierre Auger Collaboration has found six percent greater rate of extragalactic cosmic rays from one side of sky than other, suggesting acceleration sites are outside Milky Way. The observatory's detection provides compelling evidence for extragalactic origin of ultra-high energy cosmic particles.
A study published in Science confirms that the highest energy cosmic rays bombard the Earth come from outside the Milky Way Galaxy. The Pierre Auger Observatory collected data from 12 years, revealing an anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic particles.
The Pierre Auger Collaboration has discovered an anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 × 10^18 eV, indicating extragalactic origin. This discovery sheds light on the nature of cosmic rays and their possible sources, with further studies underway to pinpoint the locations.
A new study reveals that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays come from galaxies far beyond our own Milky Way galaxy. The Pierre Auger Observatory's data analysis shows that these particles favor a specific direction, suggesting an extragalactic origin.
Children's National Hospital implemented a quality-improvement initiative that reduces the number of unintended extubations in newborns, leading to significant savings. By limiting daily chest X-rays to twice a week, the hospital was able to reduce unplanned extubations and lower costs by $1.6 million annually.
Researchers recreated complex cosmic simulations to investigate a possible transformation process where photons become axions and retransform into photons upon interacting with magnetic fields. This phenomenon may explain the observed brightness of distant celestial bodies.
A new study reveals that electromagnetic radiation from the Crab Nebula may originate in a single population of electrons, challenging traditional models. This suggests that a different acceleration process is needed to explain the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
A team of UChicago scientists have detected X-ray photons from a type Ia supernova for the first time, indicating dense circumstellar material. The finding challenges current understanding of these explosions and raises questions about their formation.
A team of Russian and Chinese scientists has developed a model explaining the nature of high-energy cosmic rays in our Galaxy, focusing on Fermi bubbles. They propose that giant shock fronts can re-accelerate protons to energies exceeding 1015 eV, producing the observed CR spectrum above the 'knee'.
Researchers map galaxy motions to locate denser matter in clusters and filaments, revealing the cosmic velocity web's structure. The new definition provides strong confirmation of gravitational attraction's role in universe development.
The ISS-CREAM experiment aims to study the origin and diversity of cosmic rays, potentially revealing new details about dark matter. By detecting primary particles, ISS-CREAM will extend measurements to the highest energies possible and increase exposure by an order of magnitude.
The ISS-CREAM mission will study cosmic rays at energies above 1 billion electron volts, shedding light on their origins and properties. The experiment aims to measure the highest-energy particles yet detected in space, providing unparalleled insights into the interstellar neighborhood.
Researchers analyzed the interaction of cosmic web with distant quasar light to reveal properties of dark matter. The results support Cold Dark Matter theory and reject Fuzzy Dark Matter model.
A combined analysis of NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and H.E.S.S. data suggests the galactic center contains a high-energy trap that concentrates cosmic rays, mostly protons. This results in a gamma-ray glow extending to the highest energies observed.
Researchers generate high-energy shock waves in a laboratory setting, simulating the formation of supersonic shock waves that propel cosmic rays and particles. This breakthrough enables new studies on the acceleration of astrophysical particles and complements present remote sensing observations.
A new predictive model shows that radiation from cosmic rays can extend to healthy cells, doubling the cancer risk for astronauts on Mars missions. The study, published in Scientific Reports, highlights the need for additional research on cosmic ray exposures prior to long-term space missions.
Scientists used the world's most powerful X-ray laser to create a 'molecular black hole' that pulled in surrounding electrons, stripping away more than 50 electrons from a single atom. The results provide fundamental insights into how to better plan and interpret experiments using intense X-rays.
Researchers at Kansas State University used ultra-intense X-rays to break up molecules, creating a molecular 'black hole' that pulls electrons away. This discovery may help scientists understand the damage caused by X-ray radiation in biological systems.
A team of astronomers has made the first measurements of small-scale ripples in primeval hydrogen gas, using rare double quasars. The results provide important clues about the temperature of gas in the cosmic web just a few billion years after the Big Bang.
Researchers have used archival data from NASA's New Horizons mission to measure visible light from other galaxies, giving an upper limit to the amount of light in the cosmic optical background. The findings offer promise for future astronomy measurements from the outer solar system.
Astronomers discover enigmatic flash of X-rays from galaxy 10.7 billion light years away, exhibiting properties unlike known gamma-ray bursts or stellar destruction; scientists struggle to understand its origin and potential implications for compact star mergers.
Researchers develop a tiny X-ray sensor integrated onto an optical fiber, enabling high-precision medical imaging and therapeutic applications. The sensor has a spatial resolution of around 1 micron, allowing for real-time measurement of radiation delivery to tumors via endoscopy.
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a novel imaging technique using gamma-ray spectroscopy to visualize and quantify ground-level radiation. This method enables the detection of previously unknown contamination hotspots around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, allowing for more effective decontamination efforts.
A study of galaxy properties in the cosmic web reveals that central galaxies form stars for a longer period than satellite galaxies. Satellite galaxies experience a steep decline in star formation activity due to 'ram-pressure stripping' as they fall into dense cluster environments.
A team at the Technical University of Munich has demonstrated that using monoenergetic X-rays from a miniature particle accelerator can significantly reduce the required quantity of contrast agents in coronary angiography. This approach enables sharper images with fewer health risks, especially for patients with kidney insufficiency.
Fermi data reveals concentrated gamma rays at Andromeda's center, sparking speculation about dark matter. The unusual distribution may be caused by unknown sources or the presence of dark matter.
Cosmic rays generated by particles from outside the solar system can alter individual bits of data stored in memory, causing single-event upsets (SEUs) that can be difficult to characterize. The problem is becoming increasingly serious as computer chip technology advances and becomes smaller.
Research uses galaxy distribution and weak lensing to map cosmic web, finding that star-forming galaxies play a more prominent role in the distant universe. The study provides new insights into galaxy evolution and the structure of the cosmos.
Researchers at Tohoku University identified a new mechanism producing low-energy free electrons from X-ray absorption in matter. The process, known as Electron Transfer Mediated Decay, involves rapid charge redistribution over multiple atomic sites.
NASA's Radiation Dosimetry Experiment reveals steady increase in cosmic radiation rate higher in the atmosphere, contrary to particle concentration. The findings will improve space weather models and develop real-time instruments for safe flight operations.
The Caltech instrument, KCWI, will map gas flowing into and out of forming galaxies, revealing dominant modes of galaxy formation. KCWI is a versatile general-purpose instrument that can study cosmic objects in ways not possible before.
The galaxy IRAS 16399-0937 hosts a double nucleus, with the northern nucleus featuring a black hole of massive proportions and a starburst region in the southern part. Hubble's observations reveal the intricate structure of this cosmic megamaser, shedding light on its unique composition and energetic processes.
A team of astronomers from institutions around the world has processed images from the Kilo Degree Survey to make one of the most precise measurements ever made of cosmic shear, a subtle variant of weak gravitational lensing. The results suggest that dark matter in the cosmic web is less clumpy than previously believed.
Scientists detected a brief but brilliant burst of radiation that provided new information about the cosmic web, a swirling gas and magnetic field between galaxies. The event allowed researchers to reconstruct the travel path of the signal to a precise line of sight, offering clues about the Universe's vast spaces.
The GRAPES-3 muon telescope detected a burst of galactic cosmic rays that temporarily cracked Earth's magnetic shield, allowing lower energy particles to enter the atmosphere. The event triggered severe geomagnetic storms and radio signal blackouts in high-latitude countries.
An international team of physicists has developed a method using Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) to study particle interactions, potentially revealing new physical phenomena at higher energies than the Large Hadron Collider.
A new study by UCI researchers found that prolonged spaceflight exposure to galactic cosmic rays can cause significant long-term brain damage in rodents, leading to cognitive impairments and dementia. The study raises concerns about the potential central nervous system complications astronauts may face during extended Mars missions.
The MinXSS CubeSat collects data on soft X-rays, providing insight into solar flare physics and temperature, density, and abundance of solar flare material. This information is crucial for understanding how flares evolve and heat the sun's atmosphere.
A study by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons found that X-rays are the most effective diagnostic tool for knee pain in middle-aged patients. The study suggests that weight-bearing X-rays should be obtained before an MRI to screen for knee pain, as they can often provide enough information for a diagnosis and treatment plan.