Liu's project aims to translate optoretinography into a sensitive clinical biomarker for retinal disease assessment. The fellowship supports interdisciplinary problem-driven research and translation of new technologies into clinical practice.
A newly developed wearable sensor uses polarized light to improve photoplethysmography (PPG) signal accuracy across different skin tones. The device splits light into two channels, detecting co-polarized and cross-polarized signals to filter out superficial scattering and capture stronger signals from deeper tissue.
The K-DRIFT pathfinder telescope, a compact off-axis freeform three-mirror system, has been developed to capture faint galactic structures. With its improved performance, the telescope achieves higher resolution and sharper images, paving the way for uncovering the hidden history of galaxy formation and evolution.
Researchers at Fraunhofer IOF have developed a single-material cladding light stripper with self-adapting behavior, overcoming nonlinear effects and heat buildup in thulium fiber lasers. The design enables over 20 W of stripped signal light at 2 µm and up to 675 W at 793 nm, setting a new record for single-material CLS designs.
Researchers introduced a method to make photonic circuits more adaptable without sacrificing compatibility, enabling the creation of practical photonic quantum neural networks. The approach achieved a classification accuracy above 92 percent in experimental tests, demonstrating its potential.
A new study uses X-ray microcomputed tomography to image and analyze 3D chaotic microcavities without harming them. The team found that distorted shapes lead to Arnold diffusion, confirming a long-standing theoretical prediction about 3D chaotic light dynamics.
Optical computing harnesses light to accelerate feature extraction in AI applications. The new system, OFE2, achieves a 12.5 GHz operating rate and 250.5 ps latency, outperforming traditional digital processors.
Researchers developed a real-time QPM processing algorithm on an embedded GPU system, enabling rapid blood profiling for point-of-care diagnostics. The system can analyze over 100,000 cells in under 3 minutes and reported highly accurate results with an average error of less than 5 percent.
A new quantum-secured data transmission architecture has been proposed to address the challenges of AI-driven data centers. The system achieves terabit-per-second capacity while defending against future quantum threats through self-homodyne coherent transmission and integrated quantum key distribution.
A low-cost smartphone imaging system called mDOC combines autofluorescence and white light imaging with machine learning to accurately identify oral lesions requiring specialist referral. The system achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.778, outperforming dental providers in sensitivity and specificity.
Scientists have developed a new type of metasurface that combines waveguide physics with planar design to achieve precise control over light at the nanoscale. The metasurfaces produce photonic flatbands across wide angles while preserving ultrahigh quality factors, enabling efficient trapping of light and strong interactions with matter.
Researchers developed a new imaging method using multiphoton microscopy to rapidly identify pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with high accuracy. Machine learning algorithms achieved 80.6% accuracy, while convolutional neural networks outperformed with accuracies ranging from 90.8% to 96.4%.
A new dual-imaging system simultaneously maps retinal structure and capillary oxygen levels in live mice, allowing researchers to study vision-threatening diseases like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. This non-invasive approach offers a powerful tool for elucidating local capillary values and tracking changes in retinal oxygenation.
A new photodiode design using germanium-ion-implanted silicon overcomes trade-offs in existing power monitors for on-chip light monitoring, enabling faster processing speeds and higher energy efficiency. The device demonstrates high responsivity and low dark current, making it suitable for integration into photonic circuits.
Researchers developed a fiber-optic method to track Alzheimer's plaques in freely behaving mice, allowing for real-time monitoring and long-term tracking of pathological changes. The technique uses fluorescent dye to bind specifically to amyloid fibrils and provides a minimally invasive way to study disease progression.
A novel metasurface design using vanadium dioxide enables fast, energy-efficient modulation of terahertz waves. This allows for real-time holographic encryption and decoding, with applications in secure communication, medical imaging, and more.
Researchers developed an electrically tunable metasurface for THz holographic devices, leveraging VO2's reversible transition to minimize energy consumption and response time. The microladder design enables real-time operation, fast switching times, and robust performance.
Scientists have developed a method to generate pseudomagnetic fields inside photonic crystals, allowing for arbitrary control of light flow. This technique enables high-speed data transmission and opens new possibilities for optical communications and quantum technologies.
Researchers have demonstrated a portable, noninvasive technology that can detect metabolic changes linked to Alzheimer's disease by measuring cytochrome c oxidase activity. The study found that including oxCCO measures improved the ability of the brain-monitoring tool to capture clinically relevant brain changes.
A new imaging approach has simplified retina exams by eliminating the need for mechanical focusing, making fundus cameras more accessible. The system uses a diffuser to capture 3D light information and digitally refocus images after they are taken, producing consistent resolution of about 7-10 line pairs per millimeter.
Researchers have developed a silicon chip that uses light to perform convolution operations for AI, reducing energy consumption and increasing speed. The chip achieves near zero energy performance, leap forward for future AI systems.
A new study using two-photon microscopy shows that brief interruptions in brain capillary flow can cause rapid drops in oxygen levels, potentially leading to tissue damage. The research found that even minor stalls can lead to significant hypoxia, highlighting the importance of uninterrupted blood flow to the brain.
Scientists have discovered that tiny brain vessels pulse to regulate blood flow through bursts of contraction and relaxation. The research reveals that these bursts originate from the walls of small arteries and spread through the vascular network in short intervals, providing insights into how the brain regulates its blood supply.
A new study introduces an optical imaging technique that uses autofluorescence to detect colorectal cancer in real time, offering a promising tool for improving cancer detection during endoscopic procedures. The technique achieved high accuracy rates and the potential to guide doctors during colonoscopy or surgery.
Researchers suggest that phototherapy for newborn jaundice may require adjustments based on a baby's skin tone. The study found that darker-skinned infants may receive up to 5.7 times less effective light dose under identical settings, leading to predicted bilirubin reductions of about 40.8 percent compared to lighter-skinned infants.
Researchers develop a generic strategy for vectorial holography using ultrathin metasurfaces, enabling complex images with spatially varying polarization states. The method achieves high efficiency, outperforming previous systems, and has potential applications in optical encryption and anticounterfeiting.
A research team at Zhejiang University has demonstrated a simple method to overcome the problem of Auger recombination in perovskite lasers, leading to record-setting performance for near-continuous operation. By suppressing this process, researchers were able to sustain carrier densities required for efficient stimulated emission.
Scientists developed a new 4D optical coherence tomography technique that measures airway wall elasticity in under 42 seconds, enabling detailed assessment of respiratory tissue mechanics. This faster approach may help diagnose and monitor upper airway disorders, assess injury, and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers use surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to analyze vaginal fluid biochemical fingerprints, detecting specific bacterial species like Lactobacillus iners. The portable device produces comparable results to high-end lab equipment, suggesting its potential for point-of-care monitoring.
A Japanese study demonstrates that dual-axis sun-tracking agrivoltaic systems can produce competitive solar power while maintaining high-quality rice yields. The system achieved 75-85% rice yield improvements compared to traditional paddies, and generated nearly 44,000 kWh of electricity annually.
Researchers develop compact, noninvasive imaging system combining LC-OCT and Raman microspectroscopy to examine skin cancer structures and chemical composition. The AI model achieves high classification accuracy for basal cell carcinoma and other types, offering new insights into cancer development and behavior.
A new study explores catheter-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) as a tool for improving the precision of electrode placement in deep brain stimulation. PS-OCT provides high-resolution intraoperative visualization of deep brain structures, distinguishing between white and gray matter more clearly than MRI.
Researchers have developed a new RGB multiplexer based on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) that enables faster and more energy-efficient light modulation for laser beam scanning systems. The multiplexer successfully combined red, green, and blue laser beams, generating mixed colors such as cyan, magenta, and yellow, and even white light.
Researchers have developed OLED-based systems that achieve data rates of up to 4.0 Gbps over 2 meters and 2.9 Gbps over 10 meters, surpassing previous records. The breakthrough uses a stable organic compound called dinaphthylperylene to balance brightness and speed.
Researchers investigated the impact of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy, finding that darker skin reduces red light absorption and affects oxygen level detection. This study provides experimental evidence for improving pulse oximeter accuracy across all skin tones.
A newly developed low-cost, handheld intraoral device combines optical diagnostics and image-guided photodynamic therapy to detect and treat early-stage oral cancer. The device shows promising accuracy and effectiveness in detecting PpIX fluorescence and monitoring treatment in real-time.
A new method using label-free optical microscopy and artificial intelligence effectively identifies disease phenotypes in pancreatic cancer. The approach achieved nearly 90% accuracy in predicting tissue phenotypes, demonstrating the promise of combining light-based imaging with AI for precision medicine.
A new photonic neural network developed in China achieves higher classification accuracy than digital models by using physical light transformations and multisynaptic optical paths. The system's design avoids errors introduced by translating software to hardware, marking a major step forward in optical AI hardware.
A new prototype imaging system combines light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with hyperspectral imaging technology to create detailed maps of tissue properties invisible to conventional cameras. The system shows promise for cancer detection during endoscopy, achieving real-time speeds and high-quality data comparable to reference systems.
The FiLM-Scope surgical microscope offers precise 3D imaging using 48 tiny cameras, creating a detailed 3D map of the scene in real time. This technology can expand possibilities in manual and robotic microsurgery.
Researchers found that low-intensity rTMS can increase synaptic plasticity of cortical axons in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in excitatory boutons. This suggests potential as a targeted treatment to improve quality of life for AD patients.
Researchers have developed a model that uses terahertz scattering to identify structural tissue changes in diseases like cancer and burn injuries. The approach shows promise for early detection and characterization of disease-related tissue features.
Researchers developed a metalens-based microscope that achieves both wide field of view and high-resolution imaging in a compact design. The system uses a doublet configuration and annular illumination to overcome traditional metalens limitations, enabling practical applications in biomedical imaging.
Researchers developed a bimodal video platform combining hyperspectral and RGB video to predict high-quality spectra from lower-cost RGB data. The platform demonstrates improved performance in the visible spectrum but faces challenges in the near-infrared range, highlighting the need for broader spectral coverage.
A new low-cost, diode-based laser system safely emulsifies cataract tissue without damaging surrounding tissue. The technology has the potential to significantly reduce cataract surgery costs and complexity, bringing sight-saving treatment to millions worldwide.
Researchers have developed a new platform using dispersion-managed silicon nitride microresonators to suppress timing jitter, achieving femtosecond-level precision. This breakthrough enables the deployment of chip-scale solitons in space navigation, ultrafast data networks, and quantum measurement systems.
Researchers have developed a theoretical model that enhances passive radiative cooling by generating positive photon chemical potential, allowing for more efficient heat emission. The system can reach cooling powers of up to 485 watts per square meter, surpassing typical radiation power from a blackbody at room temperature.
Researchers have developed a single-layer antireflective coating using polycrystalline silicon nanostructures that sharply reduces sunlight reflection across a wide range of wavelengths and angles. The coating achieves unprecedented results for a single-layer design, setting a new standard for solar cells.
Researchers developed a new method that uses simple grayscale eye photos to predict anemia in children. The technique analyzes patterns and textures in the conjunctiva of the eye, avoiding problems caused by different light conditions or camera models.
A novel cannula delivery system allows repeated, nondisruptive delivery of imaging agents to the mouse brain during long-term multiphoton microscopy. This innovation enhances longitudinal studies on brain function, disease progression, and potential treatments.