Articles tagged with Air Pollution
Researchers found that robots and vehicle automation account for a small percentage of greenhouse gas emissions, with delivery vehicle size and fuel source having larger impacts. A human-driven, battery-powered cargo van has the lowest per-package footprint among analyzed methods.
A Hebrew University study reveals that as worldwide lead production increases, so do rates of lead absorption in people, leading to toxic effects. The research uses ancient human bones to show the close relationship between lead production and human exposure.
A large study of 384,130 adults found that regular exercise lowers the risk of death from natural causes, regardless of air pollution exposure. Habitual exercise and low pollution levels were associated with lower mortality rates, while inactivity and high pollution were linked to higher risks.
A new instrument measures atmospheric ammonia with high sensitivity and fast response, allowing for accurate quantification of NH3 emissions from agricultural ecosystems. The open-path design overcomes challenges faced by close-path instruments, enabling long-term and automated measurements.
A study analyzing 7,000 tree falls in São Paulo City found that most occurrences occur in the rainy season due to weather conditions. However, a significant number of trees fell during the dry season, attributed to poor management and inadequate conditions for street vegetation.
Computational modeling reveals that smaller drug particles can reach the distal region of airways, improving treatment efficacy. The study aims to enhance inhaler design and reduce drug loss, benefiting patients with respiratory illnesses.
Researchers from the University of Washington identified a strong link between fine particulate air pollution and an increased risk of dementia. A 1 microgram per cubic meter difference in PM2.5 pollution was associated with a 16% greater incidence of dementia, highlighting the potential neurodegenerative effects of air pollution.
A new study by Yale School of the Environment Associate Professor Narasimha Rao found that poorer households in India are disproportionately affected by air pollution caused by other sources. The study highlights that wealthier households contribute less to pollution but reap fewer benefits from cleaner alternatives.
A recent study by IIASA researchers found that higher income groups in India contribute more to ambient air pollution, resulting in higher mortality rates among lower income groups. The study suggests that policies targeting specific emission sources could help distribute the load more fairly.
A new study led by George Mason University faculty Jenna Krall investigated how commuting patterns impact air pollution exposure, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The research found that commuters traveling during rush hour have higher overall exposure to traffic-related air pollution compared to sporadic commuters.
Children exposed to air pollution may experience poor inhibitory control and academic skills in early adolescence, including spelling, reading comprehension, and math. Interventions targeting inhibitory control might improve outcomes.
A study of over 2,000 children in Barcelona found that living in urban areas with high levels of air pollution, noise, and traffic was associated with higher body mass index and a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese. The researchers proposed several mechanisms, including air pollution's potential to disrupt molecular mechani...
A large study found that long-term exposure to high levels of air pollutants like PM2.5 increases the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Communities of color in Detroit are disproportionately affected due to systemic inequalities and higher exposure to industrial pollution.
A recent study by the University of the Basque Country found a direct relationship between exposure to fine particles and the level of thyroxine in newborns. The research analyzed data from the INMA project and revealed that exposure during early pregnancy has a significant impact on thyroid hormone balance.
A new study by Boston College researchers has discovered that personal networks are essential for the adoption of clean cooking fuels in rural India. Households more likely to have cleaner stoves if they have friends or peers who also use them, highlighting the importance of social influence in shaping behavior change.
Research suggests passive smoking in childhood increases risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women who have never smoked. Adult exposure also linked to RA risk, particularly among non-smoking women. Environmental air pollution may affect treatment outcomes.
A new study by the University of Surrey found that drivers in developing cities inhale a significant amount of fine air pollution particles even after spending short time in pollution hotspots. The research also showed that cities with lower GDP per capita experience higher economic losses due to PM2.5 car exposure.
A comprehensive study published in Nature Communications found that more than one million deaths worldwide were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in 2017. The research used a global dataset of air pollution emissions and modeling to identify specific sources of pollution, including coal, energy production, and cookstoves.
Scientists have discovered a climate pattern in the Arctic that drives co-occurrences of European heatwaves and large-scale wildfires with air pollution. The circum-Arctic wave (CAW) pattern is linked to exceptionally high PM2.5 levels and organic carbon aerosol concentrations.
Researchers analyzed vertical ozone distributions and found deep stratospheric intrusions contributed to large ozone partial pressure in the troposphere. Long-range transport of wildfire smoke from central Russia in 2016 caused ozone pollution over the northern Tibetan Plateau.
A study published in Human Reproduction found a link between ozone in air pollution and an increased risk of developing fibroids among Black American women. Higher levels of ozone were associated with a 35% increased risk of fibroids, particularly among younger women and those who had been pregnant.
A new study found that indoor air pollution from residential coal burning in China causes a disproportionate number of premature deaths from exposure to tiny PM2.5 pollutants. Residential coal use accounted for 34% of premature deaths associated with PM2.5, despite contributing only 2.9% of total energy use.
A population-based study found that children born in Sarnia, Ontario have a higher risk of developing asthma compared to neighboring cities. Air pollution exposure in the first year of life was associated with the development of asthma in children.
A new study found that people living near fracking sites are at a higher risk of heart attacks, with rates increasing by 1.4-2.8% depending on age group and level of activity. The research also highlights the potential negative impact of fracking on cardiovascular health in rural communities.
A recent study found that ozone pollution in Germany has decreased primarily due to reduced nitrogen oxide emissions. Ozone formation is often linked to NOx emissions from traffic and industrial processes. Lower NOx levels are positively correlated with lower ozone concentrations, especially in regions like southwestern Germany.
A study examined the association between short-term wildfire air pollution exposure and changes in eczema clinic visits and medications prescribed. The findings suggest a potential link between wildfire air pollution and eczema symptoms.
Researchers found that 84% of atmospheric microplastics originated from road dust, while 11% came from sea spray and 5% from agricultural soil. Microplastics can re-enter the atmosphere even after settling on land or in water, highlighting a complex plastic cycle.
A new study found that respiratory diseases increased by nearly a quarter in Iceland following the Holuhraun lava eruption in 2014-2015. The research highlights the need for decision-makers to prepare for health issues associated with returning emissions from volcanic eruptions.
A new study reveals that chronic ozone stress decreases crop yields in maize by 25%, while hybrid plants produce more chemicals to cope with the damage. The researchers found that hybrid maize is more sensitive to ozone exposure, suggesting possible strategies to improve tolerance.
A new study by ISGlobal estimates that poor urban and transport planning is associated with over 1,000 premature deaths per year in Barcelona and Madrid. The study found that fine particulate air pollution was the leading cause of death, accounting for 524 deaths per year in Barcelona.
A new study found that some air purifiers, marketed for COVID-19, can create a suite of other pollutants. The devices, which use ionizing technology, can decrease some VOCs but increase others, including harmful substances like formaldehyde and ozone.
New modeling experiments predict that reducing air pollution, such as sulfate aerosols, will increase surface air temperature at current and increased carbon dioxide levels. The loss of a cooling effect caused by the light-scattering particles accelerates global warming without simultaneous reductions in greenhouse gas production.
The study revealed that ultrafine particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter play a significant role in haze formation, visibility, and air pollution. The researchers suggest controlling precursor vapors to alleviate the problem.
A new Stanford-led study investigates air pollution's effects at the single cell level and its impact on cardiovascular and immune systems in children. The analysis reveals that brief exposure to fine particulate matter can alter gene regulation, potentially leading to increased risk of disease later in life.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated the efficacy of ozone in neutralizing Coronavirus on various surfaces, including aerosols and hard-to-reach locations. The study shows that ozone disinfection can be an inexpensive and readily available solution to combat COVID-19, with a high statistical success rate of above 90%.
A new DNA biomarker method can screen pregnant women for prenatal environmental contaminants, predicting childhood developmental disorders and chronic illness. The approach has the potential to prevent health problems through early identification of high-risk children.
A short-lived resurgence in CFC-11 emissions in eastern China will not delay the recovery of Earth's ozone layer, according to new research. The AGAGE network helped track down the origins of the new emissions, which were found to be largely coming from eastern China.
Researchers found significant differences in VOC concentrations and proportions vertically between winter and summer. Alkanes were the largest chemical species, primarily from gasoline combustion, which increased with altitude.
A new study published in The Lancet Planetary Health highlights the benefits to health if countries adopt climate plans consistent with the Paris Agreement. Adopting such policies could save up to 6.4 million lives due to better diet, cleaner air, and increased exercise per year across nine countries.
A team of Chinese researchers developed a material that can both quickly detect and efficiently remove ozone. The porous material, called an imine COF, works reliably at high humidity and over a wide temperature range.
A study published by the University of Edinburgh found that exposure to air pollution in childhood is associated with a decline in thinking skills up to 60 years later. The research used historical data to estimate exposure levels and analyzed the relationship between air pollution and cognitive change throughout life.
Researchers found that intensive blood pressure lowering is effective in reducing cardiovascular risk, especially in patients exposed to high levels of fine particulate matter. The study suggests that ambient air pollution may influence the benefit of intensive BP lowering.
A new study improves a computer modelling system to predict the impact of ozone on soybean production, estimating damage at 10% yield reduction for normal ozone levels and less than half that for extreme levels. The research aims to inform policy decisions to limit surface ozone levels.
Researchers found that local emissions significantly contribute to the formation of regional haze and particle growth in Beijing. The study suggests that a reduction of anthropogenic gaseous precursors can suppress particle growth, leading to haze alleviation.
A large-scale study found that air pollution is associated with an increased risk of progressive and irreversible sight loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Higher exposure to fine particulate matter was linked to a higher risk of AMD, while other pollutants were associated with changes in retinal structure.
A recent study by University College London researchers found that people living in areas with high levels of air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter, are at increased risk of developing AMD. The study suggests that improving air quality could be a key public health priority to reduce the risk of eye disease.
China's stringent air pollution control policies have led to a significant decrease in aerosol concentrations, but winter haze events still occur. A recent study found that the controls have resulted in a much stronger increase in surface solar radiation in eastern and central China.
A new study led by US and Indian researchers found that air pollution in India resulted in 1.67 million deaths in 2019, accounting for 17.8 percent of all deaths in the country. The economic loss was $36.8 billion, equivalent to 1.36 percent of GDP.
Researchers discovered that a molecule related to tire preservative 6PPD is highly toxic to coho salmon, causing acute mortality. The team identified 6PPD-quinone as the culprit chemical, which transforms when exposed to ozone and kills salmon.
A new study found that air pollution in neighborhoods is associated with an increased likelihood of amyloid plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that exposure to microscopic airborne particles may be implicated in tens of thousands of cases of the disease.
A study of women aged 80 found a significant association between air pollution exposure and increased depressive symptoms. Long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide or fine particulate air pollution was linked to small but notable effects on depressive symptoms.
A new study by University of Surrey experts found that trees can effectively reduce the urban heat island effect in many European cities. The research simulated temperature increases in Guildford, UK under different green infrastructure scenarios and found that trees were the most effective form of mitigation.
A study by ISGlobal found that exposure to high levels of air pollution, particularly during pregnancy, is associated with higher blood pressure in childhood. The research team analyzed data from 4,279 children living in six European cities and found a significant link between NO2 levels and diastolic blood pressure.
Air pollution and noise exposure are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Researchers recommend reducing air pollution limits to prevent thousands of excess deaths. They also suggest strategies for mitigating road traffic and aircraft noise, such as quieter tires and better flight routing.
A new study found that burning biomass fuels like wood and crop residues contributes to 32% of premature deaths due to inhaling fine particle pollutants in China. Residential energy use, especially indoor emissions, pose significant health risks, with indoor PM2.5 concentrations being 3 times higher than outdoor air concentrations.
A large longitudinal study found that exposure to air pollution during early childhood may lead to an increase in body mass index (BMI), while living in areas with greater green space and a more favorable built environment mix may be associated with a decrease in BMI. The study analyzed data from nearly 80,000 children and suggested th...
Researchers found that long-term exposure to urban air pollution, particularly nitrogen dioxide, enhances susceptibility to severe COVID-19 death outcomes. NO2 levels were associated with increased case-fatality and mortality rates.
Researchers discovered markers of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and motor neurone disease in the brains of young Mexico City residents exposed to dirty air, linked to particulate pollution. Tiny nanoparticles were also found, which can cause inflammation and oxidative stress.
Scientists study tree rings to reveal how Arctic dimming kills trees and limits growth due to reduced sunlight from industrial pollution. The research found massive tree mortality associated with the Norilsk mining complex in northern Siberia.
A study of tree rings from Norilsk, Russia has shown that industrial pollution in the Arctic region has a far greater impact than previously thought. The research reveals widespread damage to the boreal forest, with declining tree growth affecting carbon sequestration and global climate.