Articles tagged with Climatology
Researchers found that eukaryotes could survive in shallow pools of water atop ice sheets, similar to modern-day meltwater ponds in Antarctica. These environments supported diverse communities of early complex life, influenced by salinity levels.
Researchers will investigate fire smoke carcinogens and cancer biomarkers in active, retired, and cadet firefighters to understand the impacts of firefighting on their lifelong health. The study aims to identify groups most at risk for cancer and recommend policies and programs to protect firefighter health.
Researchers estimate that temperatures several degrees above the 2022 UK heatwave are plausible in today's climate, with a simulated maximum of over 45°C (113°F). The likelihood of 40°C will continue to rise as the climate warms.
Researchers found that humans increased their ability to exploit different habitat types in Africa around 70,000 years ago, paving the way for a successful dispersal into Eurasia. This ecological flexibility allowed human groups to adapt to challenging climates and overcome geographic barriers.
A study of 34 children found significant differences in basal ganglia volume between those exposed to prenatal Superstorm Sandy and those not exposed. The findings suggest that extreme heat may have amplified the risk of having a differently-sized basal ganglia.
Researchers discovered that a substantial proportion of metals are removed from seawater solution by solid manganese-oxide particles. Chemical reactions in sediment release metals back into solution, which then mix back up through the ocean. This process changes how we view ocean chemistry and its impact on climate.
Researchers found hurricanes dramatically change oxygen concentrations and bring nutrient-rich water to the surface, creating phytoplankton blooms that support a variety of marine life. This process has significant impacts on ocean ecosystems, particularly in areas with low-oxygen zones.
The Global Declaration of Commitment for Scientific Ocean Drilling aims to promote global cooperation and collaboration in ocean science. The declaration sets out core principles for transparent access to data and samples, inclusive participation, environmental responsibility, and alignment with the UN SDGs.
Researchers uncover valuable insights into past climate scenarios and marine ecosystems through ancient sediment cores. The study highlights the need for more data to improve future climate models and transform our understanding of Earth's complex life systems.
Researchers at Tufts University warn that vulnerable communities in the Southeastern US are at high risk of extreme heat and flooding events. To prepare for these disasters, they propose a framework to help communities anticipate and respond to unexpected events.
The Florida Atlantic University Sensing Institute's SEA Econet network provides accurate rainfall and flood forecasting, supporting public safety during severe weather events. With over 160 atmospheric stations and more than 30 water-level stations across Florida, the network delivers real-time data to inform forecasts and warnings.
Phytoplankton biomass in the North Atlantic has declined by up to 2% per year over six decades, potentially affecting the entire ocean's ecosystem. This decrease may have significant consequences under climate change.
Researchers used fluorescence lidar technology to detect thin layers of smoke at high altitudes, originating from Canadian forest fires. This suggests the upper troposphere over Europe may be more polluted than previously assumed, with potential impacts on ice cloud formation and climate.
A new study finds that increasing atmospheric evaporative demand is making droughts 40% more severe globally over the past 40 years. As the atmosphere warms, air can hold more moisture, leading to increased water demand and pulling more water from soils, rivers, and plants.
Researchers at the University of Graz have developed a new benchmark timeseries that tracks global surface air temperature change from 1850 to 2034. This enables reliable monitoring of the Paris climate goals, which are set to be exceeded by 2028. The study proposes a four-classes assessment scale to gauge compliance with the agreement.
A recent study using SWOT satellite data has revealed the existence of powerful submesoscale eddies in the ocean, which play a significant role in shaping the climate system. These smaller currents carry surprisingly large amounts of energy and influence marine food webs, weather patterns, and events like El Niño and La Niña.
A new study predicts that limiting warming to 1.5°C could preserve over half of the world's glacier mass, but even at this level, 39% of glacier mass would still disappear due to delayed climate change reactions.
The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction was caused by the rapid onset of global warming after the Hirnantian glaciation. The extinction lasted approximately 400 kyr with an average species extinction rate of 71.6% per 100 kyr during this period.
The partnership brings together two organizations with a shared commitment to scientific innovation, connecting Hertz Fellows with Breakthrough Energy's global network of climate and energy experts. The collaboration aims to advance transformative climate and energy solutions through joint programming, workshops, and shared resources.
A new study published in Science finds that strong climate policy can preserve twice as much ice as current warming trajectories, even if temperatures stabilized today. At a 1.5°C temperature increase, 53% of global glacier mass could be preserved, alleviating hazards like flooding and freshwater deficiency.
A new study finds that limiting global warming to 1.5°C could save twice as much glacier ice as current policies, which project an average of +2.7°C. This would mitigate 10cm of sea-level rise and preserve up to 39% of global glacier mass.
A new study suggests that reforestation efforts can lower global average temperatures by 0.34 degrees Celsius, roughly one-quarter of the warming already experienced. This is due to the chemical interactions between trees and the atmosphere, which amplify their cooling effect.
A new study has uncovered previously hidden patterns of plankton adaptation in response to environmental changes. The analysis showed that plankton lipid profiles are closely linked to their environment, with adaptations including shortening fatty acid chains in cold polar oceans.
A new international study shows that El Niño and La Niña climate patterns affect nearly half of the world's mangrove forests, threatening these vital coastal ecosystems. Mangroves are experiencing widespread degradation during El Niño events and increased growth during La Niña events.
Aurora, a state-of-the-art machine learning model, delivers high-quality forecasts for key environmental systems like air quality, weather, and tropical cyclones. The model's flexibility enables it to be used for various future scenarios, including flood risks, wildfire spread, and renewable energy output.
Measuring ammonia concentration near an Adelie penguin colony found increased levels when wind blew from the colony, suggesting a connection between penguin guano and climate change mitigation. The study suggests that penguin guano may help reduce the effects of climate change on Antarctica by contributing to increased cloud formation.
Scientists have found that oceanic anaerobic respiration produces sulfur species, forming pyrite or 'fool's gold', which helps buffer the alkalinity of water and prevent acidification. This process has a stabilizing effect on the ocean, playing a significant role in preserving its alkalinity for millions of years.
Combining afforestation and oceanic carbon dioxide removal does not lead to efficiency losses, according to LMU researchers. This combination could reduce pressure on land areas, providing social and ecological advantages. More research is needed into marine CDR methods and their environmental impacts.
A new optimization approach for fuel breaks in Alberta, Canada's fire-prone landscapes can effectively reduce potential risks and impacts of forest fires. By accounting for uncertain wildfire behavior, this method helps compartmentalize a fire-prone forest landscape.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that climate models significantly overestimate the fraction of ice in wintertime Arctic clouds, leading to skewed warming predictions. This error has significant implications for current and future global warming projections.
Researchers discovered that soil carbon turnover accelerates rapidly in response to temperature increases, releasing more CO2 than previously thought. This finding has significant implications for the future of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and highlights the need to revise soil sensitivity in climate models.
A new study reveals that the negative effects of the ozone hole on the Southern Ocean's carbon uptake are reversible, but only if greenhouse gas emissions rapidly decrease. The study found that as the ozone hole heals, its influence on the ocean's carbon sink diminishes, while the influence of greenhouse gas emissions rises.
A study by Bernauer et al. found that democratic countries offshore environmentally-damaging products more than others, leading to lower greenhouse gas emissions at home. This challenges the notion of democracies having a moral high ground in environmental protection.
A landmark study by Prof. Yong Sik Ok charts biochar's global market potential as a carbon-negative technology aligned with ESG goals, UN SDGs, and Net Zero pathways. The study provides actionable guidance for governments, industry leaders, and research institutions to integrate biochar into their climate portfolios.
The Exeter Climate Forum will bring together world-leading researchers and policymakers to address the urgent need for climate action. The event aims to share the latest climate science and inspire bold ideas for solutions.
Researchers at Kyoto University found that reducing urban heat release can control summertime local precipitation, with potential to mitigate extreme weather issues. By systematically decreasing sensible heat fluxes over urban areas, the team demonstrated a link between urban heat island effect reduction and less intense rainfall.
Researchers developed a large-scale indoor typhoon simulation tank to measure momentum, heat, and CO2 transfer at the air-sea interface. Their findings revealed key correlations between wind speed, wave morphology, and transport phenomena under extreme conditions.
Researchers have discovered that urban areas experience a greater difference in wet bulb globe temperature between 0.5 m and 1.5 m above ground due to surface heat radiation, posing health risks to children and pets during extreme heat events. Total solar eclipses also alter atmospheric conditions and insect behavior, with some species...
A new study reveals that the Pacific Meridional Mode plays a major role in Hawaiian rainfall variability, particularly in spring. The research suggests that El Niño emerges as the primary driver of winter rainfall, but the PMM is crucial for spring rainfall, especially on Maui and the Island of Hawai‘i.
A recent study has identified a key factor contributing to nitrous oxide emissions in wastewater treatment plants: an imbalance between bacteria groups and oxygen levels. By increasing oxygen concentrations, the researchers suggest that emissions can be significantly reduced without requiring major infrastructural changes.
A study by Virginia Tech found that all 28 major US cities are sinking, with 20-65% of urban areas affected, impacting structural integrity and flood risks. The research highlights the importance of integrating land subsidence monitoring into urban planning policies to mitigate infrastructure risks.
A new study from the University of Helsinki unravels the causes of ancient climate changes that led to severe droughts in North America thousands of years ago. Researchers used fossil pollen grains and machine learning algorithms to reconstruct moisture levels, confirming that conditions were below modern levels for thousands of years.
Scientists from the University of Groningen have developed a method to predict the Time of Emergence (ToE) for Arctic climate change, based on warming, wetting, and sea ice melting. ToE is defined as the time when climate variable values exceed 97.5% of historical values for ten consecutive years.
New study models spatial patterns of grazing halos around coral reefs and finds that halo patterns can signal reef resilience. The research suggests that stable halos exist where herbivores are limited by predators, while oscillating halos may indicate a shift in system health.
A new study reveals Saharan dust reduces photovoltaic electricity generation across Europe and challenges existing forecasting models. The researchers recommend integrating near-real-time dust load data into forecasting models to improve reliability.
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS) are collaborating on a special collection to maintain momentum in climate change research supporting the US National Climate Assessment. This effort aims to sustain the work of authors who were dismissed earlier this week by the Trump Administration.
New research reveals oceans are heating at the world's fastest pace in two distinct bands near 40 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. This pattern is linked to poleward shifts in the jet stream and ocean currents, upending marine ecosystems and fueling extreme weather.
A new satellite developed by Chalmers University of Technology will help monitor and measure the world's forest biomass. The system enables precise measurements of forest carbon stocks, aiding efforts to combat climate change.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that a major earthquake could expand the coastal floodplain by 35-116 square miles, affecting thousands of residents and properties. The impact would be most severe in southern Washington, northern Oregon, and northern California.
A new study finds that the Clausius-Clapeyron relation explains almost perfectly selected thunderstorm rainfall data at each temperature, but when combining both stratiform and thunderstorm rainfall, higher temperature increase rates emerge. The authors argue that this 'super-Clausius-Clapeyron' increase is of statistical origin, settl...
The American Meteorological Society warns that catastrophic cuts to federal science agencies like NOAA threaten the US weather enterprise, which supports public safety, private sector operations, and national security. A strong weather enterprise is essential for America's economic leadership.
Researchers at UCLA and Princeton discovered that showing people continuous temperature data can lead to a vague impression of gradual change, while presenting binary data like lake freezes causes a striking shift. This approach may overcome climate apathy by creating an emotional connection to local traditions.
Researchers at the University of Florida have created a new type of cattle feed that reduces methane gas emissions from burps and flatulence, making dairy farming more environmentally friendly. The feed, made with flaxseed and pea protein, also improves overall digestion and may increase milk production.
The proposed elimination of NOAA Research would drastically undercut the scientific backbone needed for accurate weather forecasts and services. Key stakeholders like the American Meteorological Society and National Weather Association urge action to maintain competitiveness in weather forecasting.
A study published in PLOS Climate found that Americans are more likely to discuss climate change with family and friends if they feel worried or perceive society as supportive of pro-climate behaviors. Perceived social norms emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by worry, exposure to media coverage, and perceived risk.
A new project by Cornell University researchers explores how genetically identical grapevines adapt to temperature, humidity, and soil differences in three states. The study aims to uncover the most adaptable varieties to aid grape growers in coping with erratic climate conditions.
A recent study revealed a record-breaking increase in Antarctic Ice Sheet mass between 2021 and 2023, with significant mass gain observed in four key glaciers. This shift counters decades of mass loss, driven by anomalous precipitation accumulation.
A new study by MIT scientists finds that extreme storm tides will increase tenfold for Bangladesh, with what was once a 100-year event now striking every 10 years by the end of the century. The country's densely populated coastal regions are expected to experience more frequent and severe flooding events as a result.
A new study reveals that the Saharo-Arabian Desert experienced recurrent humid intervals over the past eight million years, supporting migrations of water-dependent animals, including early ancestors. These wetter periods likely sustained monsoonal precipitation from the South, which gradually weakened over millions of years.
Recent research highlights increased fire activity in the western US, with wildfires becoming less prone to calming down at night. Meanwhile, extreme turbulence on hurricane flights has led to a new 'bumpiness' metric. Climate extremes are also evident in shifting energy demands for heating and cooling in Chinese megacities.