Articles tagged with Leukemia
A new treatment protocol has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of aggressive childhood leukemia returning after chemotherapy. The ALL-11 protocol, which includes an extra year of maintenance chemotherapy for children with specific genetic mutations, has improved five-year survival rates and quality of life for these patients....
Gene variants associated with leukaemia produce 'rogue' killer T cells that drive autoimmune diseases, according to a new study. These rogue cells can cause autoimmune disease even at low levels, highlighting the connection between leukaemia and autoimmunity.
A team of researchers discovered that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in driving granulopoiesis, a process formation of granulocytes, in mice models. The study found that alterations in the gut microbiome composition induced by neutropenia stimulate reactive granulopoiesis via interleukin 17A secreted by T cells, promoting neu...
Researchers found that MK256 induced differentiation and maturation in leukemia stem cells, inhibiting proliferation of AML cell lines. The study also showed dose-dependent inhibition of the STAT pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Scientists have discovered that leukemia cells can change their DNA read-out to evade treatment, making them harder to treat. The study identified key genetic changes that allow cancer cells to survive and relapse.
A multistate study found that mRNA COVID vaccines were less effective in immunocompromised adults, with protection rates ranging from 34% to 71% after multiple doses. The study emphasizes the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as masks and antibody treatment, for additional protection against severe COVID-19.
Researchers investigated the possible connection between maternal obesity and an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Changes in fetal epigenetics, insulin-like growth factor profiles, and immune cell populations have been proposed as potential explanations for this association.
Researchers engineered immune cells to control two major complications of leukemia treatment: graft-vs-host disease and cancer relapse. The approach, using a protein called OX40, showed promise in animal models, protecting against both conditions without severely impairing the immune system.
Researchers at the University of South Australia are using new technologies to speed up blood cancer diagnosis and treatment. The project aims to identify genetic variants that cause cancer, enabling clinicians to provide targeted treatments and improve patient management.
The NCCN Annual Congress on Hematologic Malignancies will address key findings on chronic lymphocytic leukemia management and CAR T-cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The event also features updates on immunotherapies in multiple myeloma treatment.
Researchers have found that delivering a cellular metabolite via tiny particles called nanoliposomes can augment the beneficial effects of certain anti-leukemia drugs in models of acute myeloid leukemia. The study also uncovered several mechanisms behind these effects.
Researchers found that 12% of cancer survivors lived in poverty, experiencing negative effects on physical and mental health. Financial burden of cancer care persists years after diagnosis, leading to poor health outcomes and increased mortality.
Researchers found that gut commensal bacteria enhance the pathogenesis of a tumorigenic murine retrovirus by upregulating genes that suppress the immune response. This ability to evade the immune system allows tumors to develop and progress in mice infected with the virus.
Scientists discover that methotrexate causes oxidative damage to the cerebrospinal fluid and choroid plexus, leading to cognitive impairment. Adding antioxidants to the CSF may protect against this damage, offering a potential treatment for 'chemo brain'. Researchers are exploring other chemotherapy drugs and testing antioxidant treatm...
A recent study published in Frontiers in Pediatrics suggests that modern immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, could replace traditional stem cell transplantation for high-risk ALL patients. The review also discusses the importance of reducing long-term side effects, including organ damage and secondary cancers.
Researchers sequenced 2,574 pediatric ALL patient samples, identifying 376 significantly mutated genes that potentially drive cancer development. The study provides a foundational guide for physicians and scientists to understand disease development and improve treatment outcomes.
A KAUST-led research team identified two drug treatments that boost the activity of molecules involved in cell adhesion, enhancing the ability of blood-forming stem cells to enter the bloodstream and produce new blood. This breakthrough could lead to improved bone marrow transplant success for leukemia patients.
Researchers developed a method to produce generic CAR T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), which could be produced at scale for multiple patients. The new cells showed enhanced anti-tumor activity and comparable efficacy to current clinical-grade cells.
Leukemia cells exploit metabolic pathways to evade programmed cell death, but researchers identified a weak spot in acute lymphoblastic leukemia that can be targeted with experimental drugs. Inhibiting glutathione metabolism induces ferroptosis, leading to the death of malignant lymphocytes.
A study found that a majority of online pharmacies selling imatinib, a chronic myeloid leukemia therapy, are uncertified and operate unsafely. Patients may face risks of nonadherence, treatment failures, and adverse events if they use these pharmacies.
Researchers have discovered eight potential leukemia-killing compounds that target mitochondria, inducing mitophagy to weaken cancer cells. The compounds showed significant synergy with existing chemotherapy drugs, offering a deadly one-two punch against leukemia.
Researchers discovered a rare type of thymocyte cell, known as EADN, which can transform into leukemia in some patients. The discovery could lead to personalized treatments for each person's unique cancer case.
A joint study by Finnish and US researchers has found a new combination of drugs that is effective against T-acute leukaemia, with temsirolimus and dasatinib showing enhanced synergistic effect. The therapy has shown promise in eradicating leukaemia cells in zebrafish and human disease.
A groundbreaking study using cellular barcoding in mice reveals that blood cells originate from two independent sources: hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic multipotent progenitor cells. These findings have significant implications for understanding blood cancers, bone marrow transplant, and the aging immune system.
A new study explains how leukemia cells can transform into harmless immune cells through epigenetic changes, potentially leading to novel therapies for blood malignancies. The METTL3 gene is identified as a key controller of this process.
Researchers discovered that leukemia-initiating cells in MLL-rearranged B-ALL can switch between two metabolic states, which makes them difficult to target. Targeting the quiet, stem cell-like state curbs the leukemia by forcing the cells back to an active proliferation state.
Researchers at the University of Sussex have discovered a potential new target for treating acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) by understanding how two oncoproteins interact within cancer cells. The study found that beta-catenin and Wilms Tumour 1 proteins physically interact, impacting each other's oncogenic signalling activity.
A new study reveals a gene called KLF4 that normally suppresses tumor formation but is reprogrammed in acute promyelocytic leukemia, an aggressive type of blood cancer. Overexpressing KLF4 can suppress the growth of cancerous cells and reverse the effects of the disease.
A UCLA-led team has created a roadmap tracing each step in human blood stem cell development, providing a blueprint for producing fully functional blood stem cells. The map could help expand treatment options for blood cancers and inherited disorders.
A study by University of Helsinki researchers found that the immune system attacks itself in rare type of blood cancer. The immune system plays a role in the development and growth of cancer cells, making current therapies less effective.
Dr. Philip D. Greenberg has been elected as the American Association for Cancer Research President-Elect for 2022-2023. He will work to harness advances in cancer research and translate them for patient benefit, with a focus on addressing disparities in minority engagement.
Researchers discovered that a genetic mutation causing odd-shaped nuclei may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of certain leukemias. The study found that the loss of nuclear Lamin B1 induces defects in nuclear morphology and genome instability, setting the stage for cancer.
Ira Mellman, PhD, is being honored with the 2022 AACR-CRI Lloyd J. Old Award in Cancer Immunology for his seminal work on dendritic cell function and its impact on atezolizumab and neoepitope vaccines. His research has made a major impact on cancer immunology and has the potential to stimulate new directions.
Hokkaido University scientists have identified CDK6 as a promising target for treating adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) with the drug palbociclib. The combination of palbociclib with everolimus also showed significant tumor growth reduction and minimal side effects in mice models.
Research at Universidad Complutense de Madrid found that tumour cells from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) can hide in the subventricular neurogenic niche, causing relapses and preventing new neurone generation. This discovery may explain cognitive and sensory alterations in ALL survivors.
A CHOP-led study found bortezomib significantly improved overall survival in children and young adults with newly diagnosed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The trial also showed that intensifying the chemotherapy regimen allowed for elimination of radiation in nearly all patients, resulting in excellent outcomes.
Scientists at the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology discovered a new combination treatment strategy for childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) by analyzing protein activity. The study found that blocking specific proteins, such as LCK and SRC, in combination with an overactive chain reaction of INSR/IGF-1R, k...
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a new therapeutic approach using a small-molecule inhibitor of the chromatin-modulatory enzyme EZH2 to target aggressive cancer cells. The treatment also targets cMyc, a prominent cancer-causing factor, and shows profound tumor killing effects.
Researchers have identified a group of clinical signs that can be paired with genetic testing to better inform the timing of more aggressive treatment for leukemia patients. The study used a mouse model to understand how genetic mutations trigger bone marrow failure and life-threatening complications.
Scientists at Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have created a molecular cage to study the structure of KIX, a protein used by AML cancer cells. The technique has successfully imaged KIX with cryo-EM, revealing new insights into its function and potential targets for therapy.
Researchers developed a new personalized test for monitoring cancer recurrence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. The MP PCR uses multiple genomic markers to detect disease recurrence sooner, improving treatment strategies and patient stratification.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the Cancer Research Center in Spain have discovered a potential strategy to prevent B-ALL, the most common childhood cancer, using the drug ruxolitinib. By blocking IL-7 signaling, researchers were able to significantly reduce the risk of leukemia development in genetically predis...
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have discovered that specific RNA molecules can bind to and inhibit the activity of two proteins (METTL-3 and METTL-14) that drive DNA changes in leukemia. This finding provides a potential therapeutic target for treating this cancer.
Researchers discovered two patients with CAR T cell therapy achieved the longest-known remission to date, providing new details about treatment effects and outcomes. The study shows that the infused CAR T cells remained detectable for at least a decade, with sustained remission in both patients.
Researchers have developed a personalized dosing regime for anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) to improve the success of stem cell transplants in children with leukemia. The new approach led to better immune recovery and higher survival rates compared to standard treatment.
Sophie Paczesny's research aims to validate biomarker panels that help doctors predict chronic GVHD risk and adjust immune suppression treatments accordingly. The study uses machine learning algorithms to analyze stored plasma and blood cell samples from over 1,300 BMT recipients.
Survival rates for adult patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after hematopoietic cell transplantation have increased significantly over the past two decades. The two-year overall survival rate rose from 27.8% in 2000-2004 to 54.8% in 2015-2019, despite a significant increase in patient age at relapse.
A new graft strategy has reduced chronic graft-versus-host disease in leukemia patients by depleting naïve T cells from donor blood. The approach has shown promising results, with only 7% of patients developing chronic GVHD compared to 30-60% with standard treatment.
Researchers discovered that aberrant splicing of CD22 mRNA leads to decreased protein expression in pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia cells. This results in resistance to CD22-directed immunotherapies, making it challenging for oncologists to identify patients who may not respond to these treatments.
A new study published in Nature found that valine is essential for the growth of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of childhood blood cancer. Blocking valine-linked genes led to decreased valine levels and stalled tumor cells from growing.
Researchers found that mutations in IL-7R are sufficient to trigger acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a common and aggressive cancer in children. The study suggests that drugs targeting this protein may offer new therapeutic options for patients.
A new treatment combination of dasatinib, blinatumomab, and prednisone has shown promise in treating older patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The trial achieved a three-year DFS rate of 80 percent and an overall survival rate of 85 percent for enrolled patients.
A recent study published in JNCCN found that only 31% of hospitals have immediate availability of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a crucial blood cancer medication. This medication is essential for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia, which has a better prognosis when treated appropriately. The lack of ATRA availability poses a signi...
This study found high expression of Myosin 1g in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, suggesting its potential role in disease pathogenesis, particularly in high-risk patients. The research also showed that Myo1g may serve as a biomarker for identifying patients with an increased risk of relapse.
A new study by USC researchers uses a genetic technology to analyze gene expression signatures of individual cancer cells from patients with leukemia. The findings show that cancer cells with distinct gene expression profiles tend to grow in different organs, while those with specific genes are more resistant to chemotherapy.
A study suggests that suppressing the protective mechanisms of rogue blood stem cells can help curb clonal hematopoiesis and prevent leukemia. The researchers used zebrafish with colored 'barcodes' to track the dominance of cancerous clones, revealing a connection between anti-inflammatory genes and resistance to inflammation.
Researchers found that inhibiting the MAP2K7-JNK pathway with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol induces apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study used murine models and human patient-derived xenografts to evaluate the anti-leukemic capacity of 5Z7O, which showed synergistic induction of cytotoxicity when combined with dexamethasone.
Researchers have developed a ferritin-based nanomedicine that targets diverse leukemia types, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. The nanomedicine delivers arsenic to leukemia cells, enhancing killing effects while minimizing harm to normal tissues.
Researchers discovered that skin-derived T cells can migrate into the bloodstream and cause inflammation in other organs, such as the intestine. The study provides new approaches to therapy and diagnostic options for stem cell transplantation.
Researchers conducted a functional test to identify effective therapies for advanced hematological cancers, achieving significant positive outcomes with 56 patients receiving individually tailored treatment. The study demonstrates the clinical feasibility and efficacy of personalized medicine in breaking resistance to prior therapies.