Articles tagged with Pandemic Influenza
A clinical trial has started enrolling volunteers to test the experimental H1ssF-3928 mRNA-LNP vaccine, developed by NIAID's Vaccine Research Center, for its safety and ability to induce an immune response. The trial aims to find an optimal dosage and compare it with a current seasonal flu vaccine.
A new study found that inhaling low concentrations of ethanol vapor can inactivate the influenza A virus in mice without harmful side effects. The researchers believe this method could also treat similar viruses like Covid-19 and potentially stop pandemics. However, further evaluation is needed to ensure its efficacy and safety on humans.
A new Rutgers study finds that childhood asthma diagnoses decreased by 52% in the US during the first year of the pandemic compared to previous years. Researchers attribute this decline to fewer colds and the practice of wearing masks, which may have reduced the risk of asthma triggers.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found a link between hemagglutinin protein stability and flu vaccine effectiveness, as well as pandemic potential in new strains. Incorporating this stability into the vaccine could prevent the emergence of unstable viruses.
Researchers examine how chronological and biological age impact vaccine effectiveness, finding that both factors influence immune system capacity to mount responses. The study highlights the need for further research into 'immune aging' risk and departures from healthy aging.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki have developed a nasal spray that is effective in preventing coronavirus infection, including the latest variants. The molecule, TriSb92, identifies a region in the spike protein common to all current variants and inhibits its functioning.
Studies have shown that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. The virus causes changes in calcium channels, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the heart, leading to arrhythmias and myocarditis.
AAHI will develop a prototype nasal spray using its novel adjuvant formulation platform, promising to shorten timelines for emergency response to and mitigate impacts from biological threats. The project aims to create a temperature-stable and broadly protective nasal spray against multiple respiratory viruses.
The Access to Advanced Health Institute has received a $9.9 million award to develop an intranasal bivalent influenza RNA vaccine candidate based on its self-amplifying RNA platform that targets both pandemic A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) influenza virus pathogens.
The University of Kansas has established the International Center for Avian Influenza Pandemic Prediction and Prevention (ICAIP3) with $1 million in NSF funding. The center aims to predict and prevent future avian influenza pandemics by monitoring viral strains and identifying potential outbreak areas.
Research on COVID-19 variants reveals that infants and toddlers with co-infections are significantly more likely to need oxygen therapy and ICU-level care. Co-infection rates were highest during the delta variant, followed by omicron and alpha.
A recent study found a significant decrease in influenza activity in China during the 2020-2022 COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in winter and spring. The observed reduction in influenza seasonality may be attributed to everyday COVID-19 public health interventions.
Princeton University researchers found that mask-wearing and social distancing reduce respiratory disease spread in the short term but do not guarantee long-term benefits. Vaccination successfully limits return epidemics, whereas sustained NPIs can lead to increased susceptibility and eventual outbreaks.
Dr. Fauci highlights the rapid development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines as a significant success in responding to emerging infectious diseases. He emphasizes the need to improve capabilities for established diseases like malaria and tuberculosis while addressing new threats.
Researchers developed a multivalent mRNA-based vaccine protecting against all 20 known influenza subtypes, providing broad protection in animal models and paving the way for clinical trials.
A systematic review of 36 studies found that influenza vaccination reduced the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 20% and poor outcomes like ICU admission and death by 17-31%. The findings suggest that routine influenza vaccination could offer non-specific immunity against COVID-19 symptoms.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology has developed a tailored neutralizer that can adapt to all kinds of mutations in the virus. The hybrid agent mimics the principle of hotspot interaction between the virus and the hACE2 receptor, inhibiting its penetration into cells.
A study by Max Planck Researcher Jonas Schöley and colleagues found that life expectancy continued to decline globally in 2021, with differences between Eastern and Western Europe widening. However, vaccination efforts helped mitigate mortality shocks in some countries, particularly those with robust healthcare systems.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute discover new class of immunostimulatory dsRNAs that potently induce IFN-I production while limiting inflammation. The dsRNAs inhibit pandemic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, in mouse and human Organ Chip models.
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a combination of antiviral drugs and antibody therapies that is more effective than either approach alone. The combination boosts the virus-fighting properties of antibodies, which work by binding to infected cells and triggering the immune system to kill them.
Two OU research groups received nearly $2 million in funding to develop new surveillance methods and predict the next avian influenza pandemic. The projects focus on integrating data from multiple sources to detect early signals of disease spread.
A new study found outliers in influenza-negative ILI cases in global surveillance networks 13.3 weeks before the first reported COVID-19 peaks in 16 countries. This suggests undetected spread of COVID-19 and highlights the importance of strengthening disease surveillance networks.
MU researchers have identified specific mutations in the Omicron variant's spike protein that help it evade existing antibodies from vaccines or previous COVID-19 infections. These findings can inform developers of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines, which may need to target different parts of the virus to produce effective outcomes.
New research found that coinfection with influenza A virus can significantly suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lung. This effect can persist even after clearance of influenza A virus, suggesting potential factors that restrict SARS-CoV-2 growth.
A University of Utah-led study found a surge in anti-Asian hate language on Twitter between January and March 2020, with clusters of hateful tweets spreading across the US. The researchers identified 15 geographic regions where anti-Asian hate was statistically higher than expected.
A study found that COVID-19 disrupted RSV's seasonal pattern, leading to a 'collapse' of existing strains and emergence of new ones. The pandemic also accelerated the spread and evolution of other viruses like influenza.
A bioethicist contends that crisis-care protocols should ignore patients' age, proposing instead a patient-specific values approach. She suggests using a Clinical Frailty Scale to predict near-term survival and considers a lottery as the fairest way to prioritize individuals under dire conditions.
The study found that T-cell immunity was effective against Omicron variants in approximately 90% of vaccinated Europeans. The researchers identified a specific HLA-DRB1*03:01 variant that allowed the virus to evade immune recognition, particularly affecting individuals with this genetic variation.
A new paper in the American Journal of Public Health suggests that a Paris Accord-style global agreement is urgently needed to address antimicrobial resistance. The authors argue that six key lessons from the Paris Climate Agreement should form the basis of any multi-country agreement or action plan on AMR, with binding rules and unive...
A European-wide review of community pharmacy interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic found 31 pharmacy interventions across 32 European countries. These interventions included prevention, response, and recovery measures, as well as improved access to medicines, rapid antigen testing, and COVID-19 vaccination.
Children who receive repeated seasonal flu vaccines develop antibodies that provide broader protection against new strains, including pandemic viruses. This finding informs the design of a universal influenza virus vaccine for children.
A new study sheds light on the molecular interactions between remdesivir and various viruses, revealing why it works against SARS-CoV-2 but not others like influenza. The findings aim to develop broad-spectrum therapies for future pandemics.
Researchers found that even unrelated vaccines can provide cross-protection against multiple pathogens, reducing caseloads and hospital usage. Vaccinating vulnerable populations with other vaccines during the pandemic can have a substantial impact.
Researchers identify a previously overlooked site on the HA protein, known as the 'anchor epitope', which can neutralize a wide range of influenza strains. This discovery has significant implications for the development of universal influenza vaccines and antibody therapies.
A natural experiment found that Argentina's vital records detected significant and transient impacts of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic on maternal health. The study also confirmed a decline in direct obstetric causes and an increase in indirect causes due to non-pregnancy comorbidities.
A new UNLV research study found that remote work technology exacerbated stress and mental health issues among working mothers with children. The study suggests that asynchronous communication methods like email may be more effective in alleviating stress, while synchronous forms like video chats and texting can hinder multitasking.
A recent study has found that while US suicide rates fell during the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant socio-economic gap persists, with vulnerable populations disproportionately affected. The researchers highlight the need for further research and social cohesion measures to mitigate pandemic-induced suicide risk in these communities.
A rapid same-day test has been developed to identify secondary infections in COVID-19 patients on intensive care, allowing for targeted antibiotic treatment and reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance. The test uses nanopore sequencing technology to analyze bacterial and fungal pathogens present in patient samples.
A study published in The BMJ found that more than 28 million extra years of life were lost worldwide in 2020 compared to expected numbers, with a higher rate of excess premature deaths in men than women. This analysis provides insight into the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations.
Researchers developed a viral panel that enables simultaneous testing for SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory viruses, providing insight into coinfections and viral spread. The tool helps predict and mitigate future outbreaks by tracking novel viral variants and their patterns of spread.
The study aims to identify strategies that nursing homes used to overcome challenges related to the pandemic and develop recommendations for improving quality of care and patient health outcomes. By analyzing more than 500 Missouri nursing homes, researchers hope to find patterns for what went well or what can be improved.
Researchers developed a new risk measure, Universal Influenza-like Transmission (UnIT) score, that outperformed existing models in predicting weekly case count forecasts. The model used 10 years of influenza hospitalization data to identify patterns and improve COVID-19 spread predictions.
New research from an international team of scientists found that poor timing of influenza vaccination campaigns in Brazil led to increased premature births, lower birth-weight babies, and the need for more cesarean sections. The study suggests that earlier flu vaccination campaigns could better protect pregnant women and their babies.
Researchers at Columbia University predict a large-scale influenza outbreak in the US after lifting public health measures, followed by worsened seasonal flu outbreaks. The study suggests that greater population-wide immune susceptibility to influenza could lead to more severe outbreaks.
Researchers found that social distancing measures and masking were effective at stopping the spread of flu and RSV viruses. The study concluded that these measures are effective tools to reduce the rates of potentially serious infections like influenza and RSV in children.
Researchers developed an Internet information system, virusMED, to provide a comprehensive picture of viruses' most important regions. The database contains over 800 strains from 75 different families, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, Ebola, and HIV-1, enabling scientists to respond quickly and effectively against the next pathogen.
The UMass Amherst Reich Lab, led by biostatistician Nicholas Reich, will continue to advance real-time forecasting methods during infectious disease outbreaks thanks to a five-year NIH grant renewal. The lab's flu forecasting collaborative has been designated as one of two national Influenza Forecasting Centers of Excellence.
A comprehensive review finds that many respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and measles, can spread through airborne transmission via aerosols. The study's findings suggest that indoor air quality and ventilation play a crucial role in reducing the transmission of infectious virus-laden aerosols.
A new study estimates the intensity and frequency of extreme novel pandemics, finding that large pandemics like COVID-19 are relatively likely due to growing risks. The study suggests that a pandemic similar in scale to COVID-19 is likely within 59 years, highlighting the need for adjusted perceptions of pandemic risks.
Global health practitioners urge integrating surveillance of zoonotic diseases into health security intelligence systems to effectively handle future pandemics. Companion, zoo, and shelter animals pose significant risks due to limited monitoring and stress levels, leading to potential transmission of animal infections to humans.
Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake have persisted over the last decade, highlighting the urgent need to achieve equity in immunization rates. Concerted efforts are needed to address socio-economic disparities, particularly among adults 65 years or older.
A new tool helps assess barriers and facilitators to strategic responses, highlighting the impact of COVID-19 on sociological, ecological, and industry domains. The study suggests improving pandemic decision-making through more comprehensive and effective assessments.
Researchers analyzed country-level health systems capacity and socioeconomic characteristics to understand delays in implementing COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions. Lockdowns significantly reduced physical mobility, while national school closures had no significant impact.
The 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19 share similar patterns in mortality comparisons due to population adjustments for average life years lost. The study assesses the cumulative health impacts of interventions and provides a basis for decision-making.
A March 2020 survey of central Pennsylvania adults found early concern for COVID-19 outmatched concern for influenza, with respondents trusting CDC guidelines and healthcare websites. Knowledge about COVID-19 was generally high, with a majority intending to follow social distancing recommendations.
Cases of flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plummeted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social distancing, school closures, and mask use. The study suggests that infection with COVID-19 may have provided protection against other respiratory viruses through viral interference.
Staff handwashing increased by 61% and PPE use rose to 21% after participating in the escape room. The interactive training environment engaged employees, leading to improved retention and patient safety outcomes.
Researchers from University of Tsukuba found a decrease in COVID-19-related house call services due to lower seasonal flu activity, but an increase in severe cases. Hospital capacity strains during the pandemic contributed to this trend.
Researchers analyzed obituary data to examine excess deaths among the Amish population in 2020, finding a spike in November that mirrored general COVID-19 infection waves. The study suggests that face-to-face interactions and distrust in preventative medicine contributed to these 'excess deaths', which may or may not be directly relate...
Researchers identified conserved parts of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu virus that triggered strong and effective immune responses. These responses can be harnessed for a universal flu vaccine targeting stable, conserved areas of the HA protein.