Articles tagged with Pandemic Influenza
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Researchers used computer modeling to reconstruct the spatial transmission of the 2009 H1N1 flu and COVID-19 pandemics in the US, highlighting challenges of early outbreak containment and identifying key transmission hubs. The study suggests expanding wastewater surveillance coverage could slow initial spread of future pandemics.
The emergence of A(H3N2) subclade K viruses in Australia and New Zealand extended their influenza seasons, with Australia experiencing a record-breaking season. The viruses were likely imported from the US and accounted for half of Australian viruses and over two-thirds of New Zealand viruses.
The FluWarning system uses genetic code analysis to detect subtle changes in flu viruses that may indicate cross-species transmission. It has been successfully applied to H5N1 bird flu and detected clusters of viral activity in the US, issuing alerts before official reports were published.
The partnership aims to co-develop and evaluate next-generation self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines targeting seasonal and pandemic influenza. Apriori's Octavia platform will be combined with A*STAR IDL's saRNA delivery technology to develop improved H5 influenza vaccines that anticipate infection in humans.
The Global Pathogen Analysis Platform (GPAP) will enable low- and middle-income countries to conduct research and surveillance of infectious diseases independently. The platform aims to prevent disease outbreaks from developing into pandemics by detecting genetic sequences of potential pathogens.
Researchers argue that AI can strengthen pandemic preparedness by detecting emerging diseases earlier. By combining data from humans, animals, and the environment, AI can reveal patterns and provide insights into potential pathogens.
Dr. Langlois and his team will support large-scale scientific research, protect vulnerable communities, and strengthen Canada's ability to face future health emergencies. The High-Throughput Facility infrastructure will rapidly detect and track new infectious disease threats while protecting people and communities.
A new study uses generative AI to quickly scan notes in electronic medical records and identify high-risk patients with potential H5N1 avian influenza exposure. The model detected 76 patients with high-risk exposures, including 14 confirmed cases of recent bird flu exposure.
Researchers from University of Zurich and Basel decode historical specimen to understand how 1918-1920 influenza pandemic evolved in Europe. The Swiss genome reveals three key adaptations that made the virus more resistant to human immunity and more infectious.
The Global Virus Network warns of systemic inadequacies in pandemic preparedness, highlighting the need for $31.1 billion in annual funding to establish a comprehensive Pandemic Preparedness and Response system. The GVN advocates for strengthened systems to protect humanity from future pandemic threats.
A comprehensive analysis published in The Lancet Regional Health—Americas highlights the growing concern of H5N1 avian influenza. Key findings include the virus's ability to infect both animals and humans, with nearly 1000 dairy cow herds affected and over 70 human cases reported.
The University of Virginia has appointed Dr. Mark T. Esser as the inaugural head of its Manning Institute, a $350 million facility aimed at transforming healthcare and accelerating new treatments. Esser brings decades of experience in developing new medical breakthroughs and will foster an ecosystem of innovation to attract biotechnolo...
Researchers at HKU and CVVT create a nasal spray vaccine offering single-dose protection against H5N1 infection, inducing comprehensive immunity in the upper respiratory tract. The vaccine's high safety profile and ability to curb viral transmission make it a critical reserve for future outbreaks.
Researchers at Lancaster University discovered a new type of vaccine-specific scepticism, where some people perceive COVID-19 vaccines as 'not a vaccine' compared to MMR. This phenomenon may also apply to the flu vaccine, highlighting the need for clear public health messaging.
Researchers found that older adults exposed to seasonal flu viruses before 1968 have higher antibodies against the H5N1 avian flu virus. In contrast, young children who were not exposed had low levels of antibodies that could fight H5N1. The study suggests that younger adults and children would benefit more from H5N1 vaccinations.
Researchers at Aalto University and others have developed a model that shows smartwatches can accurately detect viral infections several days before symptoms appear. This early detection can lead to significant reductions in disease transmission and could potentially stop a pandemic before it starts.
Recent studies demonstrate that smartwatches can detect infections early through subtle physiological changes, prompting timely action to slow disease spread. By identifying infections sooner and reducing social contacts, wearable technology may help contain future outbreaks and prevent pandemics.
A study suggests that pre-existing immunity against seasonal H1N1 flu can reduce the severity of bird flu in ferrets. In the study, ferrets with prior H1N1 immunity were protected against severe disease and death caused by H5N1 bird flu, whereas those without prior immunity had more severe illness and fatal outcomes.
A broadly neutralizing antibody has been shown to protect monkeys against severe H5N1 avian flu disease. The antibody's stable structure ensures it can withstand virus variants, providing universal protection against a globally spreading airborne infection. Serum levels of the antibody remained stable for up to 12 weeks.
Researchers at Texas Biomed identified nine mutations in a bird flu strain from a person in Texas that enable it to more easily replicate in human cells and cause severe disease. Approved antivirals still effectively combat the virus, according to mouse studies.
The Community and Household Acute Respiratory Illness Monitoring (CHARM) Network will track how respiratory illnesses spread over time, assess immune responses, and study household transmission. UC San Diego will enroll 2,000 individuals and serve as the centralized data hub, providing insights to inform public health responses.
A systematic review of 1500 research papers found that pregnant women who contract bird flu have a high risk of death and birth defects. The study stresses the importance of early inclusion of pregnant women in public health vaccination programs during pandemics.
A new Stanford University study found that influenza viruses can persist in refrigerated raw milk for up to five days, raising concerns about potential transmission pathways. The researchers also discovered that the viral RNA remained detectable in raw milk for at least 57 days.
Dartmouth researchers propose a new way of thinking about masking and social distancing rules using game theory, considering them as two distinct actions. The study finds that people respond differently to these measures based on their perception of the disease's severity, trending towards masking or no protective action over time.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that IFITM3 deficiency increases the risk of flu infection by unfamiliar viruses, allowing them to adapt rapidly to human hosts. The study suggests that people with IFITM3 deficiency are a uniquely vulnerable population for new animal viruses entering humans.
A clinical study found that an FasL inhibitor, asunercept, led to a faster recovery of COVID-19 patients in eight days compared to 13 days in the control group. The treatment also reduced mortality by about 20%. The study suggests a new therapeutic concept for severe COVID-19.
A groundbreaking metagenomic sequencing test has proven effective in rapidly diagnosing almost any kind of pathogen, including viruses, bacteria, fungus or parasite. The test analyzes all nucleic acids present in a sample, replacing multiple tests with a single one and speeding up diagnosis.
A new study analyzed how seasonal flu viruses moved and evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding that they remained in certain regions despite reduced global mobility. The study suggests increased genomic surveillance capacity will help monitor seasonal influenza to reduce vaccine mismatches and inform effective interventions.
Researchers found a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain isolated from a dairy worker that killed all infected ferrets, but the worker experienced mild symptoms and recovered. The study suggests that this particular strain may have died out and has not been detected in nature since.
Researchers at Cranfield University have developed an innovative method for identifying biomarkers in wastewater using origami-paper sensors, enabling early detection of infectious diseases. The new test device is portable, fast, and cost-effective, making it a game-changer for public health measures.
The authors recommend short-term voluntary vaccination of farm workers at exposure risk, medium-term refreshment of vaccine stockpiles, and long-term exploration of pre-pandemic immunization strategies to build population immunity. They call on global partners and governments to address H5N1 and other pandemic influenza threats through...
Researchers at WashU Medicine developed a nasal COVID-19 vaccine that halted transmission in hamsters, showing promise for controlling respiratory infections. The vaccine targeted the virus's entry points in the nose and mouth, reducing viral replication and preventing spread.
Researchers developed a universal influenza vaccine that targets the internal structural proteins of the virus, providing lifetime immunity against evolving viruses. Six out of 11 nonhuman primates inoculated with the vaccine survived exposure to the H5N1 virus, while unvaccinated primates succumbed to the disease.
Researchers found that certain flu viruses can use a second entry pathway, MHC class II protein complexes, to infect human and animal cells. This ability helps the viruses infect different species and potentially jump between animals and humans.
A new review emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing avian influenza spread among humans. The study suggests that a diverse range of vaccine platforms, including inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, as well as emerging alternatives like mRNA vaccines, will be crucial for enhancing pandemic preparedness.
A study of hand sanitizer sales before, during and after the H1N1 swine flu pandemic found that supply and demand balances quickly, with retailers adapting to stockpiling behaviour. The research suggests there is no need for panic-buying and price gouging.
A VACCELERATE Consortium survey study found that 57% of global infectious diseases experts ranked influenza as the top pandemic risk, with Disease X and SARS-CoV-2 also among the most concerning pathogens. The study highlights the need for continued preparedness and surveillance to prevent pandemics.
A new vaccine design has been developed by a UC Riverside-led research team, which uses preexisting immunity to the influenza virus to help kickstart the production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine aims to speed up the immune response and provide better protection for people who still lack immunity to the coronavirus.
Researchers studied newspaper ads from Dust Bowl states in 1934 to understand how businesses and companies reached consumers during a dual crisis. The study found that essential services used informational approaches while nonessential services relied on sensory appeals, offering valuable lessons for current mass media during emergencies.
A new study finds that most US parents intend to vaccinate their infants and young children against COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with 40% planning to vaccinate against COVID-19. The study also highlights the growing concern of vaccine hesitancy and its potential impact on public health.
Researchers at Scripps Research have designed a novel flu vaccine that utilizes nanoparticles to present the M2e protein fragment, which is relatively conserved across different influenza A strains. The vaccine showed promising results in initial animal tests, providing strong protection against both seasonal and pandemic strains.
A Michigan State University study of 767 people found no reliable association between pet ownership and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pet owners reported pets improved their lives, but this was not reflected in their overall happiness levels.
A recent study published in eClinical Medicine found that the GB510/AS03 vaccine elicited a stronger antibody immune response against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain compared to ChAdOx1-S. The vaccine demonstrated robust safety and efficacy, with no significant safety concerns identified.
Researchers at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology developed metal-enhanced fluorescence probes for rapid and accurate detection of influenza viruses. The probes showed high sensitivity and specificity, detecting the virus even at low concentrations, with a remarkable accuracy of over 99%.
Researchers found that individuals with previous environmental, social, and nutritional stressors were more likely to die from the flu. This contradicts the widespread belief that healthy young adults were disproportionately affected. The study analyzed skeletal remains of 369 victims and identified lesions as indicators of frailty.
Using data from Mass General Brigham’s electronic health records, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 accounted for approximately 1 in 6 cases of sepsis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate for patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated sepsis was initially high but declined over time.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and NIH Vaccine Research Center developed an animal model that more closely mimics human infection symptoms than any existing model. This model allows for rapid testing and deployment of new vaccine candidates in a crisis scenario, potentially saving lives against bird flu.
The UMass Amherst-UT Austin team has been awarded $27.5 million by the CDC to establish the nation's first disease outbreak response and modeling network. The $250 million program will support decision makers during public health emergencies like COVID-19.
Researchers discovered a subtype of avian flu virus is undergoing mutational changes that could increase its risk of being passed on to humans. The study found the virus can cause severe animal infections and be transmitted through airborne droplets.
A new study finds SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly associated with development of high blood pressure in hospitalized adults. Persistent high blood pressure was more common in people with COVID-19 than influenza, highlighting potential long-term cardiovascular risk.
A historical analysis of Bern Maternity Hospital data showed a notable surge in low birth weight and stillbirth rates coinciding with the 1918 'Spanish flu' pandemic. Researchers found that mothers exposed to the pandemic had a higher risk of stillbirth, highlighting the potential impact of pandemics on infant health.
A new study suggests that wastewater monitoring can be an effective way to track the spread of infectious diseases. The research found that testing for COVID-19 in wastewater was an objective way to measure where the disease was spreading, with most samples processed in under four days.
Nebraska scientists have made significant progress in developing a safe and effective long-lasting swine flu vaccine. The Epigraph algorithm enables the creation of a universal flu vaccine that protects against multiple types of influenza viruses for at least one year and is suitable for all age groups.
A clinical trial has started enrolling volunteers to test the experimental H1ssF-3928 mRNA-LNP vaccine, developed by NIAID's Vaccine Research Center, for its safety and ability to induce an immune response. The trial aims to find an optimal dosage and compare it with a current seasonal flu vaccine.
A new study found that inhaling low concentrations of ethanol vapor can inactivate the influenza A virus in mice without harmful side effects. The researchers believe this method could also treat similar viruses like Covid-19 and potentially stop pandemics. However, further evaluation is needed to ensure its efficacy and safety on humans.
A new Rutgers study finds that childhood asthma diagnoses decreased by 52% in the US during the first year of the pandemic compared to previous years. Researchers attribute this decline to fewer colds and the practice of wearing masks, which may have reduced the risk of asthma triggers.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found a link between hemagglutinin protein stability and flu vaccine effectiveness, as well as pandemic potential in new strains. Incorporating this stability into the vaccine could prevent the emergence of unstable viruses.
Researchers examine how chronological and biological age impact vaccine effectiveness, finding that both factors influence immune system capacity to mount responses. The study highlights the need for further research into 'immune aging' risk and departures from healthy aging.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki have developed a nasal spray that is effective in preventing coronavirus infection, including the latest variants. The molecule, TriSb92, identifies a region in the spike protein common to all current variants and inhibits its functioning.
Studies have shown that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. The virus causes changes in calcium channels, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the heart, leading to arrhythmias and myocarditis.