A new study by Oxford academics found that approximately 20% of flies and cockroaches carry carbapenem resistance, while 70-80% carry extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance. Climate change could lead to a doubling of insect populations and an increase in the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
SourceUniversity of Oxford·JournalNature Microbiology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateSep 30, 2021
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A large trial found that antibiotic amoxicillin has little effect on relieving symptoms in children with uncomplicated chest infections. The study also highlights the need for 'safety-netting' advice to parents, explaining illness course and when re-attendance may be necessary.
SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalThe Lancet·TypeObservational study·DateSep 28, 2021
Scientists have developed a new therapy that combines bacteriophages with antibiotics to treat antibiotic-resistant infections, specifically targeting Mycobacterium abscessus. The treatment, using the bacteriophage 'Muddy', showed significant improvement in survival rates and severity of infections when paired with rifabutin, demonstra...
SourceThe Company of Biologists·JournalDisease Models & Mechanisms·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 16, 2021
A new study from Cornell University has found that the antimicrobial properties of certain stem cell proteins can effectively reduce the viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin wounds. The treatment also stimulates the surrounding skin cells to build up a defense against the bacterial invader.
SourceCornell University·JournalStem Cells Translational Medicine·DateSep 16, 2021
A team of researchers characterized different bacterial populations isolated from the International Space Station's potable water system, exploring their functional properties and long-term interactions. The study aimed to improve microbial risk assessments for human-built environments in space and on Earth.
SourceArizona State University·Journalnpj Biofilms and Microbiomes·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 7, 2021
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A whole genome analysis of a Staphylococcus aureus collection recovered from Cape Verde reveals high genetic variability among isolates. The study identifies three primary genetic clusters associated with lineages ST152, ST15, and ST5, commonly found in S. aureus infections worldwide.
SourceInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa ITQB NOVA·JournalJournal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance·DateSep 6, 2021
A research team at HKU has developed a framework to evaluate the risks of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) based on three factors: human-associated environments, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity. The framework provides a risk hierarchy for ARGs, allowing for informed decision-making on tackling environmental ARGs.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalNature Communications·DateSep 6, 2021
Researchers found that human antibiotic use increased resistance to antibiotics in bears' bacteria, affecting even those far from civilization. The study suggests that reducing antibiotic use can help decline resistance rates.
SourceNorwegian University of Science and Technology·JournalCurrent Biology·DateSep 6, 2021
A virulent Salmonella Enteritidis strain has been sequenced from two consecutive poultry flocks in North Carolina State University. The strain, SE_TAU19, exhibits seven antimicrobial resistance genes and 120 virulence genes, posing a threat to human health. Genome sequencing provides valuable data for tracing outbreaks and preventing f...
SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalFrontiers in Veterinary Science·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 2, 2021
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A CDC analysis of National Healthcare Safety Network data revealed a significant increase in four types of healthcare-associated infections in U.S. hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, with central line infections rising by 46-47% compared to pre-pandemic rates.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateSep 2, 2021
Scientists detect early resistances to new antibiotic combination in Germany, limiting its potential as a treatment option for carbapenem-resistant pathogens. The study highlights the importance of genome-based surveillance for early detection of new resistance developments and emerging pathogens.
SourceGerman Center for Infection Research·JournalAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 2, 2021
Researchers have identified a unique sequence essential for efficient multidrug efflux function of the MtrD protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a key mechanism for antimicrobial resistance. This discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotic treatments.
SourceFlinders University·JournalmBio·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 31, 2021
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Using sequential antibiotic treatment with similar but swapped antibiotics slows down bacterial adaptation to drugs, reducing cross-resistance. The study used Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found that fast switching between antibiotics constrained bacterial evolution.
A study found that commercial composts contain more airborne pathogens than backyard composts, while immature compost samples have high levels of antibiotic resistance genes. The researchers hope to improve their detection method to assess the threat to humans.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 26, 2021
Researchers analyzed oral bacteria of wild brown bears to track history of human antibiotic use and find significant decrease in antibiotic resistance after national policies were implemented. The study highlights the effectiveness of governmental policies in mitigating a major health threat on a national level.
SourceUppsala University·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeObservational study·DateAug 25, 2021
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Scientists have developed stable peptide mimics called peptoids to treat viruses and prevent infections. Peptoids, such as those tested against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1, could one day cure or prevent many kinds of infections, including COVID-19.
Researchers discovered that human milk oligosaccharides can prevent GBS infections in cells and tissues, and in mouse models. The sugars may act as anti-adhesives and prebiotics to support good bacteria growth, making them a potential substitute for antibiotics.
A study found that COVID-19 restrictions led to a 36% drop in antibiotic dispensing rates in Australia, primarily for respiratory tract infections. The decline continued into winter and was seen across all age groups, suggesting it was not due to reduced access to healthcare.
SourceUniversity of New South Wales·JournalBritish Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 18, 2021
A recent study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases documents the person-to-person transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pneumonic plague in an outbreak in rural Madagascar. The AMR strain was resistant to streptomycin but susceptible to co-trimoxazole, and all patients treated with antibiotics survived.
SourceNorthern Arizona University·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·TypeObservational study·DateAug 12, 2021
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A study by Duke University researchers found antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the guts of lemurs living close to humans. The closer the contact, the more resistant bugs were found. Proximity to humans determined the type and abundance of resistance genes acquired.
SourceDuke University·JournalFrontiers in Ecology and Evolution·TypeObservational study·DateAug 9, 2021
A six-month observational study found significant MRSA shedding during outpatient visits and appointments, with 38.5% of carriers shedding MRSA to the environment. The presence of a culture-positive wound was the only factor significantly associated with shedding.
SourceAssociation for Professionals in Infection Control·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·TypeObservational study·DateAug 5, 2021
Dr. Jitender Mehla has received a National Institutes of Health Grant to study small molecule-based inhibition of multidrug efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a serious threat to hospital-acquired infections. The proposed research aims to develop antibacterials effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Researchers created a polymer coating that releases Lasioglossin-III, an AMP with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, targeting specific infectious bacteria and preventing airway complications. The coating demonstrated significant antibacterial activity and prevented bacterial adherence to the tube.
SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalThe Laryngoscope·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 4, 2021
A new study by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that preoperative urinalysis screening for asymptomatic patients undergoing surgery has little or no benefit. However, the test may lead to unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and exposure to potential harms, including Clostridium difficile infection.
SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 2, 2021
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Researchers found that over 60% of US residents infected with antibiotic-resistant salmonella Kentucky while abroad were resistant to fluoroquinolones. The bacteria is more likely to cause disease and evade antibiotics when acquired in Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa.
SourceWashington State University·JournalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems·TypeObservational study·DateAug 2, 2021
Bacteria use lipoproteins, which contain a soft, unstructured 'spaghetti' segment, to protect themselves from invaders. Removing or altering this segment weakens the bacteria, making it an important target for new antibiotic treatments.
SourceUniversité catholique de Louvain·JournalNature Chemical Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateJul 29, 2021
A new model using simple changes in microbe growth curves can predict how antibiotic resistance evolves in response to different treatment combinations, doses and sequences. The model helps explain counterintuitive behavior observed in past experiments, such as slowed evolution when combining two antibiotics.
SourceeLife·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateJul 27, 2021
A team of researchers from HKU has developed a transferrable and integrative type I CRISPR-based platform that can efficiently edit Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a superbug capable of infecting various tissues and organs. The technique enables rapid identification of resistance determinants and development of novel anti-resistance strategies.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalNucleic Acids Research·DateJul 22, 2021
Researchers at the University of Exeter have developed a novel method to measure bacterial acidity, which could help reduce antimicrobial resistance. The study found that certain bacteria can survive antibiotic treatment by maintaining an acidic pH, and the team is working on developing new antibiotics that target these persisters.
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Research finds that giant tortoises on the Galapagos Islands with human contact have higher bacterial resistance to antibiotics, posing a threat to public health. The study suggests that human activities are facilitating the dispersal of antibiotic resistance into the environment.
SourceUniversidad Complutense de Madrid·JournalEnvironmental Pollution·DateJul 19, 2021
A new study found that antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are killing children in Bangladesh, with 77% of pneumonia cases caused by gram-negative bacteria. Children with resistant infections were 17 times more likely to die than those without.
SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalOpen Forum Infectious Diseases·DateJul 15, 2021
A new study in mSystems finds human waste contaminating urban lakes, rivers, and surface water in Bangladesh is driving the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The research highlights the importance of improving access to clean water, sanitation, and sewerage infrastructure to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalmSystems·DateJul 15, 2021
Scientists investigate how bacteria develop resistance to silver nanoparticles, identifying a key genetic mutation and differences in motility. The findings suggest that silver nanoparticles may be effective against certain strains of bacteria, but caution is needed to prevent resistance.
SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·JournalNature Nanotechnology·DateJul 13, 2021
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The mcr-1 gene, providing resistance to last-resort antibiotic colistin, has been detected in humans and pets worldwide since its first report in China in 2015. Research finds that household pets may be acting as reservoirs of the gene, aiding its spread in the community.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·DateJul 10, 2021
A study found that raw dog food in European supermarkets and pet shops contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including 'superbugs' found in hospital patients. The researchers concluded that dog food is a source of bacteria resistant to last-resort antibiotics and could potentially spread to humans.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·JournalInternational Journal of Food Microbiology·DateJul 10, 2021
A study analyzing over 1,200 VA outpatient clinics found a 3.9% annual decline in total antibiotic prescriptions between 2011 and 2018. The largest decrease was seen for ciprofloxacin, while outpatient use of doxycycline, azithromycin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate remained high.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·DateJul 9, 2021
Research suggests that common prescription drugs like proton pump inhibitors, beta-blockers, and antimetabolites can increase the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant infections. These non-antibiotic medications are commonly used to treat various conditions but can also contribute to drug resistance.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·DateJul 9, 2021
A WHO-sanctioned panel will discuss the need for more warnings before it's too late to address antimicrobial resistance. The world is facing a growing threat to modern medicine, with patients paying high prices for antibiotics due to a weak market and lack of access.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·DateJul 8, 2021
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A new study found that one in ten veterinary workers in the Netherlands carries strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including ESBL-producing bacteria. The study suggests that occupational contact with animals may be a key factor in transmitting these resistant bacteria to humans.
SourceEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·DateJun 23, 2021
Researchers have developed a new technique, native state mass spectrometry, to identify effective inhibitors against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This approach analyzes the behavior of metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors and could lead to the development of novel treatments for resistant infections.
Researchers at HKU have identified 38 authentic Ag+-binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus, revealing silver's molecular targets and mode of action. The study shows that silver-based antimicrobials can potentiate the efficacy of antibiotics, resensitize MRSA to antibiotics, and slow down antibiotic resistance evolution.
SourceThe University of Hong Kong·JournalNature Communications·DateJun 20, 2021
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Researchers developed a new framework to establish safe thresholds for antimicrobial release into the environment, addressing the global health threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The framework provides guidance on risk assessment and could inform policy to reduce antimicrobial levels in water systems, helping to mitigate resistance.
SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalWater Research·DateJun 10, 2021
Researchers have discovered that pre-trained phages can increase their ability to fight bacterial infections, delaying the onset of antibiotic resistance. This breakthrough uses evolutionary training to improve phage potency against deadly bacteria.
SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 7, 2021
A study found that travellers who returned from abroad acquired and spread destination-specific antimicrobial resistance genes in their gut microbiome. The diversity of these genes increased significantly after travel, with high-risk genes resistant to common antibiotics identified.
SourceBMC (BioMed Central)·JournalGenome Medicine·DateJun 7, 2021
Researchers found numerous novel genes promoting microbial resistance in international travelers' gut microbiomes. The study highlights the global spread of antimicrobial resistance through travel and emphasizes the need for broader surveillance.
SourceWashU Medicine·JournalGenome Medicine·DateJun 6, 2021
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A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that Danish one-year-olds carry several hundred antibiotic resistant genes in their bacterial gut flora. The presence of these genes is partly attributable to antibiotic use among mothers during pregnancy, and well-developed gut flora may reduce the incidence of resistant bacteria.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - Faculty of Science·JournalCell·DateMay 26, 2021
A global metagenomic study of urban microbiomes found distinct microbial signatures in cities across six continents, with over 4,200 known species identified. The research also discovered a core set of 31 species present in 97% of samples and highlights the potential for new discoveries related to microbial diversity.
A mathematical model predicts how bacterial mutations impact antibiotic success. The study suggests measuring mutation levels is crucial for determining treatment failure and informs novel strategies. Multiple mutations limit drug resistance evolution substantially, depending on drug type and administration route.
A portable, rapid testing platform can detect gonorrhea infections and determine antibiotic resistance in under 15 minutes. The platform's speed and low cost could combat the spread of drug-resistant strains and improve timely diagnoses for patients with gonorrhea or other STIs.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateMay 12, 2021
A new study found that organic-certified meats are 56 percent less likely to be contaminated with multidrug-resistant bacteria compared to conventionally produced meat. The research analyzed data from the US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System and covered over 39,000 meat samples.
SourceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health·JournalEnvironmental Health Perspectives·DateMay 12, 2021
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Researchers found that earthworm guts have lower numbers and relative abundances of antibiotic-resistance genes compared to surrounding soils. The earthworms' unique gut environment may destroy ARGs or outcompete bacteria hosting them, suggesting a potential role in natural bioremediation.
SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateMay 12, 2021
A component of bacteria's cell walls, cardiolipin, may hold the key to fighting antibiotic-resistant microbes. Without it, the outer membrane becomes penetrable, making bacteria vulnerable to antibiotics.
SourceUniversity of Georgia·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 11, 2021
A randomized controlled trial found that brief educational videos can reduce patients' expectations for antibiotic treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. However, the doctors' actual prescribing habits showed no significant change.
SourceAmerican Academy of Family Physicians·JournalThe Annals of Family Medicine·DateMay 11, 2021
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Researchers tracked antibiotic resistance in E. coli over 16 years, finding rapid increase in multi-drug resistant strains. The study highlights the importance of tracking resistant bacteria to prevent their spread and improve treatment options.
SourceWellcome Trust Sanger Institute·JournalThe Lancet Microbe·DateMay 10, 2021
The Mfd protein's dual role in repairing bacterial DNA and promoting mutations has been discovered, offering new avenues for fighting antibiotic resistance. This phenomenon could also lead to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
SourceCNRS·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 7, 2021
Researchers found high levels of antimicrobial resistance in water from the Hua Krabue canal, but low levels in aquaculture ponds. The study highlights the urgent need to improve urban sanitation in Thailand's coastal region. Safely managed sanitation is crucial for combatting antibiotic resistance.
SourceNewcastle University·JournalJournal of Hazardous Materials·DateMar 30, 2021
A new study found that microplastics in wastewater treatment plants can host antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogens, leading to a significant increase in resistance by up to 30 times. The microplastics form a biofilm that allows the bacteria to attach and exchange genes, posing risks to human health.
SourceNew Jersey Institute of Technology·JournalJournal of Hazardous Materials·DateMar 19, 2021
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Researchers discovered how bacterial colonies form multilayered biofilms when exposed to antibiotics, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance. The study's findings suggest that breaking up the formation of these biofilms could be an effective strategy for treating infections.
The study found enormous differences in the availability and use of antibiotics between African and Asian countries, with Asia having more readily available antibiotics. Self-medication is a significant problem, with high rates in some countries, and context plays a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance.
SourceRadboud University Medical Center·JournalThe Lancet Global Health·DateMar 11, 2021
The summit aims to discuss how individual behaviour and organisational norms can be changed to slow down the development of antimicrobial resistance. Key findings include the need for strong political leadership and communication strategies to address misconceptions about antimicrobial resistance.