Articles tagged with Liver
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that coronavirus vaccines build immune memory in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and lungs. This local immune response is more effective than circulating antibodies in protecting against infection.
Researchers at UVA Health System have developed a powerful new tool to understand how medications affect men and women differently. The model has provided unprecedented insights into biological processes in the liver, helping ensure that new medications will not cause harmful side effects.
Research suggests that monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) are crucial in removing dead tissue and necrotic lesions during liver regeneration. In the process, MoMFs undergo dynamic changes from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory states, interacting with other liver cells to facilitate healing and tissue repair.
A new study found that living donor liver transplant access optimizes the timing of transplant for older, frail cirrhosis patients. Patients with moderate to severe frailty, short stature, and low MELD scores benefited from LDLT, reducing waitlist mortality and improving post-transplant outcomes.
Researchers discovered age-related differences in how the liver filters the bloodstream, affecting nanomedicine distribution and effectiveness. Younger livers are more efficient at filtering out toxins but also filter out beneficial treatments.
Researchers discovered that the lancet liver fluke takes over an ant's brain, causing them to cling to blades of grass against their will. The parasite controls the ant's behavior to avoid heat, a strategy also used by cattle and deer.
A new set of diagnostic criteria for MAFLD has been developed, providing accurate and reliable diagnoses. This development has increased awareness of the disease and paved the way for further research and clinical trials, offering a significant step forward in diagnosing and treating MAFLD.
A nationwide study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found that close relatives and partners of people with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) are at a higher risk of developing liver cancer and severe liver disease. This suggests that family members could benefit from the same lifestyle advice as patients with MASLD.
Researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of five noninvasive tests for liver disease, which could revolutionize diagnosis and treatment. These tests use disease biomarkers and may enable breakthrough discoveries in developing new treatments for patients with liver disease.
Researchers found that hepatitis C treatment improved response to hepatitis B vaccine in individuals who previously didn't respond. The study recommends checking for hepatitis B immune protection and offering vaccination after treatment.
High pressure in bile canaliculi alters liver tissue structure, leading to the formation of liver cell rosettes observed in various liver diseases. The study identifies pressure as a potential cause of biliary obstruction-related diseases.
A USC Stem Cell-led mouse study reveals that lowering testosterone can improve the resilience of male kidneys by reducing their vulnerability to disease. The researchers also found that three months of calorie restriction has a similar effect, suggesting new potential treatments for kidney diseases.
Liver fibrosis development is driven by various factors, including metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. CD8+ T cells play a significant role in activating hepatic stellate cells, which produce scar tissue.
A novel study from the University of South Australia identified 84 features that could signal increased cancer risk in a dataset of 459,169 UK Biobank participants. The study found several biomarkers linked to cancer risk, including urinary microalbumin and high levels of cystatin C.
Researchers developed a liver-targeting drug that reversed obesity and lowered cholesterol in obese mice by delivering the drug via nanogel. The treatment, which was administered intraperitoneally, effectively normalized weight and reduced cholesterol levels despite continued high-fat diet consumption.
A new nanogel-based carrier delivers a synthetic thyroid hormone mimick to liver cells, resulting in weight loss and improved cholesterol levels. The treatment also resolves liver inflammation with minimal side effects, offering potential for other liver-based diseases.
A study by researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School found that high costs for hepatic encephalopathy treatment are associated with decreased treatment retention among patients. Patients who are younger and have metastatic cancer or depression are more likely to skip their medication.
Researchers investigating early liver transplantation for alcohol-associated liver disease aim to understand who benefits most and develop best practices. They will collect data on patient outcomes, biological samples, and audio recordings to identify factors influencing selection decisions.
A new matching system enabled by Boston College economists facilitates the world's first four-way liver exchange and a cascade of additional matches. The system increases the number of transplants that can be matched among a larger group of participants, expanding capacity beyond traditional two-way exchanges.
Researchers have found that mouse stem cells mimic their parent animals' cold resistance, generating energy differently at low temperatures. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying organ preservation and human hibernation using in vitro models.
A study published in Liver Research found that glucokinase activators (GKAs) improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity. However, GKAs also induced hepatic lipid accumulation, which activated the PERK-UPR signaling pathway.
The study highlights the importance of spatially-resolved macrophage phenotyping in liver diseases. Macrophages exhibit functional and phenotypical heterogeneity, affecting disease progression.
A study of 98,000 postmenopausal women found that daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with a higher incidence of liver cancer. The findings suggest a potential link between these beverages and chronic liver disease mortality.
Researchers found that inhibiting NLRP3 signaling reduces podocyte senescence, improves lifespan, and slows down healthy podocyte aging in mice. This discovery holds promise for treating age-related kidney diseases.
Researchers have discovered a novel pathway that minimizes liver injury during transplantation by activating the protective CEACAM1-S version. This protective characteristic is regulated by HIF-1α and can be enhanced using molecular tools and alternative gene splicing, reducing organ injury and improving post-transplant outcomes.
A study from the University of Gothenburg found that even vulnerable people with compromised immune systems achieved good antibody levels after three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. This is particularly significant for those at risk of severe Covid-19, as they showed catch-up antibody responses and high levels of hybrid immunity.
Researchers at the University of Barcelona have discovered a new therapeutic target, RNF41 protein, which plays a crucial role in controlling chronic liver disease. The study found that enhancing RNF41 expression in macrophages can reduce fibrosis and liver inflammation, leading to improved liver regeneration.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research have identified a protein responsible for lethal liver disease in mice infected with Rift Valley fever virus. Removing this protein, Lrp1, from the liver prevented viral replication and extended mouse lifespan.
A breakthrough mRNA vaccine has been developed to target and stimulate protective immune cell responses against malaria. The vaccine combines an RNA-based approach with a liver-specific adjuvant, generating resident memory cells that halt malaria infection in the liver, providing a broader and more protective immune response.
Researchers identified racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of complex lifesaving procedures for decompensated cirrhosis. These disparities persisted over time, contributing to unequal mortality rates among different patient groups.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have identified a novel class of compounds that effectively lower cholesterol, triglycerides and apoB in human liver-like cells. These molecules work independently of the LDLR pathway and offer a new treatment regimen for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Researchers identify key protein interactions that control the body's immune response during liver transplantation, leading to improved transplant survival rates. The study found that a specific communication pathway between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the immune response.
A study found that SARS-CoV-2 infects liver cells, leading to hyperglycemia and a severe form of COVID-19. Researchers discovered the mechanism used by the virus to impair glucose metabolism, pointing to potential strategies for treating patients.
A new study published in Annals of Surgery reveals promising results for normothermic machine perfusion in liver transplantation. The randomized controlled trial found that this technology showed particular promise in marginal donors and those with higher risk factors, demonstrating a lower incidence of dysfunction and cardiovascular s...
In a groundbreaking procedure, Adriana Rodriguez received a dual-organ transplant, with her healthy liver transplanted into another patient to mitigate rejection risk. This innovative approach, known as HALT-D, demonstrates the potential for immunoprotection and has implications for highly sensitized patients requiring multiple organs.
A study found that joint exposure of unequal income distribution and lack of social mobility increases risks of deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease. Addressing underlying social and economic conditions is crucial in responding to the deaths of despair epidemic.
Hospital admissions for alcohol-related hepatitis increased dramatically during the pandemic, particularly among younger patients and women. Researchers found a 12.4% rise in cases in 2020 compared to 2019 levels.
A new AI tool utilizing deep-learning algorithms and volumetric thresholds accurately detected splenomegaly in patients undergoing CT scans. The study analyzed a large sample of 8,901 patients, revealing that splenic volume is strongly associated with weight.
Researchers investigated premature senescence in biliary atresia and assessed senotherapies. They found that human allogenic liver-derived progenitor cells reduced early markers of senescence and improved liver disease in a preclinical model, providing encouraging results for pediatric biliary cirrhosis treatment.
A study published in Cancer Research identifies a novel mechanism by which liver cancer develops, involving the aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and the gene GREB1. The research reveals that GREB1 is responsible for integrating conflicting cellular states of differentiation and proliferation, leading to tumor promotion.
Researchers have isolated and analyzed individual immune cells targeting the hepatitis C virus, providing valuable data for vaccine development. The study found that antiviral treatment reduces cytotoxicity in HCV-specific immune cells, offering a potential pathway to an effective vaccine.
Researchers have identified a potential new drug that improves both liver fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The drug, Pegozafermin, mimics the body's natural hormone FGF21, controlling energy use and lipid metabolism in the liver.
A 'poo transplant' trial provides evidence that faecal microbiota transplants can improve gut health in patients with cirrhosis, reducing the likelihood of infections. The PROMISE trial aims to deliver FMT capsules via oral administration, offering a potential breakthrough for patients with advanced liver disease.
Research reveals liver dysfunction and alterations in the liver-brain axis are key features of Alzheimer's disease. The study highlights the importance of peripheral organs, such as the liver, in understanding the systemic aspects of the disease.
A case of echovirus 11-induced hepatitis in Italian male twins has been reported, showing a close genetic relation to strains found in France among neonates. The study highlights the importance of rapid recognition and timely treatment to ensure survival, and suggests potential host genetic predisposition in male and twin categories.
A new study by University College London found that Latin Americans with greater Native American ancestry are at a higher risk of developing severe liver failure and associated high risk of short-term mortality. The study suggests that genetic ancestry and race may determine the outcome of advanced liver disease in patients.
Researchers found that a reduction in body weight of 1% led to participants' brain age being almost 9 months younger than expected. This attenuation of brain aging was associated with changes in liver fat and enzymes, which can negatively affect brain health in Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of a liver dialysis device in treating acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The device, DIALIVE, was associated with significant improvements in symptoms and organ function compared to standard care.
A clinical trial using DIALIVE, a novel liver dialysis device, demonstrated significant improvements in all main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Treatment resulted in accelerated resolution of ACLF and sustained improvement in biomarkers.
Researchers found that distant cancers alter liver function by inducing fat accumulation and inflammation in liver cells. The process involves secretion of extracellular vesicles containing fatty acids, which reprogram the liver to resemble fatty liver disease.
A study of nearly 4,000 patients with cirrhosis found that mortality rates were more than twice as high in lower-income countries compared to high-income countries. The research highlights the need for improved access to medical care and preventive measures to address liver disease.
Researchers have discovered that HER3 plays a crucial role in promoting cell survival in metastatic colorectal and pancreatic cancer. The surrounding liver microenvironment activates HER3, making it an emerging therapeutic target for these types of cancer.
A new hybrid operation, TEPS, has been introduced to treat gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal vein obstruction. The procedure combines traditional surgical and interventional approaches to effectively resolve life-threatening clinical manifestations associated with cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV).
Researchers from CNRS discover that liver cells control the biological clock in mammals, synchronizing peripheral clocks. This finding suggests a connection between liver health and overall metabolism, with potential implications for metabolic disease and sleep disorders.
Research reveals liver cells play a crucial role in regulating the body's internal circadian clock, influencing sleep patterns, hormone secretion, and metabolism. Studies on mice with humanized livers show that altered liver function can disrupt circadian rhythms, highlighting potential new treatments for metabolic diseases.
Researchers have developed biodegradable hollow nanoscavengers that target reactive oxygen species to restore liver function and reverse insulin resistance in human liver cells and diabetic mice. This innovative approach offers a promising pathway toward long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
A new study from Keck Medicine of USC reveals that heavy alcohol use may be more damaging to the liver for people with metabolic syndrome, more than doubling the risk of advanced liver disease. This condition, characterized by symptoms such as abdominal fat, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, affects over one in three Americans.
A new study from the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center found that immigrant adults with liver cancer have a significantly higher five-year survival rate compared to those born in the US. The study identified disparities in survival rates across different racial and ethnic groups, with immigrants demonstrating better outcomes.
A research team at Hokkaido University has developed a system to deliver antioxidants to mitochondria in the liver, reducing oxidative stress and damaging caused by ROS. The system, called CoQ10-MITO-Porter, was found to be more effective when downsized particles were used.
Researchers in China have created a simple nomogram using easily accessible and automatable detected routine clinical indicators to reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Wilson's disease. The study identified six independent predictors of the disease, including serum copper and direct bilirubin.