Articles tagged with Liver
Researchers discovered three essential amino acids - leucine, valine, and tryptophan - as potential metabolic biomarkers for HCC. The study used metabolomics to analyze the differences in tumor and non-tumor tissue metabolomes, revealing striking differences that could aid in diagnosis.
A Rutgers study found that COVID-19 patients, especially those treated with antibiotics, experience significant disruptions in their gut microbiome balance. This imbalance may lead to the development of targeted probiotic supplements to improve treatment outcomes.
A new study published in JAMA Surgery compares robotic liver resection with open liver resection for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Robotic liver resection is found to be a safe treatment option for patients with compromised liver function, achieving comparable oncologic efficacy to traditional open surgery.
A recent study found metabolic perturbations in young nonhuman primates' liver and skeletal muscle after maternal obesity during pregnancy, even after a normal diet was introduced post-weaning. The study identified 58 altered metabolites in the liver and 46 in skeletal muscle, suggesting long-term health consequences.
Researchers found that a genetic mutation associated with liver disease confers different levels of risk depending on a patient's diabetic status. In diabetic patients, the mutation predisposes them to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but in nondiabetic patients, it protects against liver disease.
Researchers evaluated modified CEUS using perfluorobutane for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients. The study found no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, or accuracy between modified CEUS and CT/MRI LI-RADS v2018.
A study in Japan reveals that universal screening methods for biliary atresia, a rare and severe lung condition in infants, are cost-effective. The research found that stool color card screening and direct bilirubin testing gained significant clinical benefits and saved lives.
Research at Tel Aviv University found that high-intensity aerobic exercise increases glucose consumption in internal organs, reducing energy availability for tumors. The study reduced the risk of metastatic cancer in humans and animal models by up to 72%.
Scientists have created a way to track brain diseases like depression, Alzheimer's, and strokes using fluorescent mouse blood. The method allows for months-long study of blood flow in the brain, providing new insights into disease progression and development.
The University of Barcelona is the world-leading institution in research on liver cirrhosis, with a total of 177 published articles. Professor Pere Ginès has the top world citation index per article, highlighting the institution's scientific performance.
Researchers created an atlas of the malaria infection by Plasmodium parasites in the liver, revealing differences in infected cell localization and immune response. The study's findings hold promise for developing treatments targeting the asymptomatic liver stage of the disease.
Researchers have identified a parasitic protein unique to hypnozoites, which could serve as a potential biomarker of latent malaria vivax infections. The findings lay the groundwork for eliminating the disease by detecting its presence.
A recent study has found that simple tests can accurately predict the risk of secondary disease in hepatitis C patients after treatment. Non-invasive tests such as liver stiffness measurement and platelet count have been shown to be effective in identifying patients at high risk of developing portal hypertension.
Researchers found that first-degree relatives of patients with advanced fibrosis are at a 15% risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Early screening for advanced fibrosis among siblings and offspring of patients can help prevent the progression to cirrhosis or liver failure.
A new study found that afternoon or evening physical activity is associated with reduced liver fat content and improved insulin sensitivity. Performing MVPA in the afternoon or evening was linked to reduced insulin resistance by 18% and 25% respectively.
Researchers found that male mice were three times more likely to survive E. coli infection due to sex-biased lipid metabolism, which may hold risks for males in today's high-calorie environment. The study identified a signaling pathway regulating lipids and growth hormone as potential therapeutic targets for fatty liver disease.
Helmholtz Munich researchers identified a novel strategy to alter glucagon receptor signaling by changing its intracellular localization. This approach offers therapeutic potential for treating type 2 diabetes by uncoupling glucose and lipid metabolism-related effects.
A study found that leptin stimulates liver fat export and lowers liver fat content in healthy men, suggesting a new approach for treating fatty liver disease. The findings imply that the brain plays a role in liver fat metabolism via the autonomic nervous system, opening up potential new treatment options.
Researchers identified protein levels that were higher or lower than normal in tissues from individuals at different stages of type 2 diabetes. The study found a correlation between metabolic pathway disturbances and disease progression, suggesting new potential causal mechanisms for the disease.
Researchers found that liver cells cannot undergo necroptosis, a form of cell death previously thought to drive liver diseases. This revelation points to a new therapeutic intervention strategy and resolves crucial unanswered questions in the field.
Researchers found that hepatocyte adenosine kinase promotes excessive fat deposition and liver inflammation, suggesting a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dietary changes may help prevent or reduce NAFLD severity by inhibiting ADK activity.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells induce the formation of intracellular gaps in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), allowing them to infiltrate the liver and form new tumors. MMP9 expression in LSECs is key to this process, and a MMP9 inhibitor can prevent tumor formation.
A study from UniSA researchers found associations between metabolic profiles and adverse brain findings, including lower hippocampal and grey matter volumes. People with metabolic profiles linked to obesity were more likely to have higher accumulation of iron in the brain.
Researchers at the University of Toledo found that consumption of highly refined fiber may increase liver cancer risk in some individuals, particularly those with a silent vascular deformity. The study discovered that high concentrations of bile acids caused by a portosystemic shunt led to the development of liver cancer.
A study identifies a molecule called NIK that promotes the growth of bile duct cells in the liver, leading to scarring and liver fibrosis. Removing NIK or blocking its action with inhibitors may prevent disease progression.
A new study published in the Journal of Hepatology found that living donor liver transplants can reduce waitlist time and deaths in Western countries. Long-term outcomes were excellent despite relatively low use of this procedure, with high patient survival rates and similar mortality risk among three countries.
Research at Kumamoto University reveals that fetal liver blood cells are stem cell-independent, contrary to the long-held view that HSCs are essential for their production. The study provides new insights into the origin of HSCs and suggests a reconsideration of their role in embryo formation.
Tel Aviv University researchers discovered that skin cancer cells interact with astrocytes in the brain, promoting metastasis. By inhibiting this interaction using existing treatments, they delayed the spread of melanoma to the brain by 60-80%. This breakthrough has implications for treating advanced-stage melanoma.
A new Chinese Medical Journal review article elucidates the potential contributors to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, highlighting the role of bile acid and sphingolipid biology. Researchers summarize current understanding of NAFLD, its progression, and potential therapeutic strategies.
The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters hepatocyte metabolism towards glycolysis, while impairing mitochondrial activity, leading to liver damage. Metformin is proposed as a potential therapeutic option to attenuate SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with fatty liver.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a new immunotherapy strategy to eliminate fibroblasts in targeted manner, reducing lung and liver fibrosis in mice. The treatment triggers an immune response via cytotoxic T-cells, eliminating activated connective tissue cells while leaving resting cells undamaged.
Researchers have found that nanoplastics can enter human liver and lung cells, disrupting their regular processes and causing inflammation, toxicity, and neurological changes. The study reveals that nanoplastics can alter metabolic pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species and nucleotides.
A lab study found that high cholesterol intake worsens fatty liver disease progression by driving inflammation and scarring. The researchers also discovered long-lasting dysfunction in immune cells responsible for fighting liver damage. Moderation is key to maintaining a healthy diet, according to the study's findings.
A review article suggests that retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) may be a potential target for clinical intervention in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study highlights the importance of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, including its role in inducing hepatic de novo lipogenesis and impairing fatty acid oxidation.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a cold perfusion method to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from both murine and human fatty liver-associated tumors with high yield and purity. This breakthrough could provide new tools for investigating the role of HSCs in NASH-associated liver cancer progression.
Researchers have created a stem cell-based model of the human liver, allowing for the study of how Ebola virus infects liver cells. The infected cultures showed that viral infection directly disrupts liver function, while immune cells can transfer the virus to other cells.
Two large clinical trials found that vitamin D supplements did not reduce the risk of covid-19 or acute respiratory infections, contradicting previous studies' mixed results. The trials involved over 30,000 adults and showed no effect of vitamin D supplementation on infection rates or side effects.
Researchers have developed a new treatment principle that combines DNA-based and protein-based vaccines to stimulate the immune system against both hepatitis B and D viruses. The treatment has been shown to protect cultured cells against HBV and HDV infection, producing high levels of neutralizing antibodies and T-cells.
Research finds that liver transplant recipients with a BMI of 30 or higher and those who drank heavily have a high risk of needing a second surgery within 48 hours. Coagulopathy, or decreased blood clotting, is also linked to this risk. The study aims to reduce the number of return-to-operating-room cases by mitigating these factors.
A substance produced by gut microorganisms, TMAO, can lead to scarring and vascular damage in scleroderma. The Western diet rich in meat contributes to TMAO formation, which reprograms cells to become scar-forming myofibroblasts.
Researchers at UVA have discovered the mechanism behind gene regulation during organ development, shedding light on how genetic material interacts with transcription factors to create different cell types. The study's findings could offer insights into the initiation of certain cancers and inspire new therapeutic development.
A recent study by Medical University of Vienna researchers has identified a crucial dual function of neutrophils in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The findings suggest that these immune cells produce factors necessary for liver growth, enabling the organ to recover quickly from tissue damage.
A new study identifies PDIA3 as a molecule targeted by the immune system in response to stress, contributing to liver damage in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Elevated levels of antibodies for PDIA3 have been found in people with these conditions, but improving diet and weight can reverse this liver condition.
A recent study published in the Journal of Urology found that robotic IVC thrombectomy is not inferior to standard open surgery and has lower complication rates. The robotic approach also showed a lower blood transfusion rate, making it an attractive option for patients with optimal candidacy.
A proof-of-concept study developed three machine learning models to predict posttreatment recurrence in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The models achieved high accuracy using imaging data alone, while combining clinical data did not significantly improve performance.
Intravenous (IV) nutrition is being used by professional athletes as a regular routine, despite lack of scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness and potential risks. The 'food first' approach is crucial to avoid normalization of unproven treatments.
A new study suggests that acetate produced by the liver diffuses into the intestines, supporting bacterial growth and causing imbalanced microbiota. This imbalance does not appear to play a major role in alcoholic liver disease risk.
Researchers from Keck School of Medicine found a strong association between PFOS exposure and liver cancer risk, with the strongest link seen in the top 10% of PFOS exposure. The study suggests that PFOS may disrupt normal liver function, leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of liver cancer.
Recent studies show that grape consumption can reduce fatty liver and extend lifespans, with Dr. John Pezzuto's team finding changes in genetic expression and antioxidant genes in mice. Adding grapes to a high-fat diet also had positive effects on behavior and cognition.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School found that high levels of homocysteine in the liver correlate with severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Supplementing vitamin B12 and folic acid reversed inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models.
The study investigated the effects of combined endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on liver function and metabolic homeostasis in mice models. Significant changes were observed at high EDC exposure levels, including liver weight increase, lipid buildup, and elevated blood glucose levels.
Researchers discovered that liver cancer cells modify their metabolism to leave them susceptible to disruptions in arginine supply, a key molecule. A three-pronged approach targeting tumor metabolism, blocking survival-promoting responses, and starving tumors of arginine can induce senescence, making cancer cells killable.
Researchers have identified a link between mutations in the FOCAD gene and an early onset form of liver cirrhosis in children. The study suggests that the FOCAD gene plays a critical role in maintaining liver health, particularly in children.
Individualized, comprehensive treatment approaches and risk stratification of patients are crucial for effective treatment of MAFLD. Lifestyle modifications and pharmaceutical therapeutics combining to treat the condition.
Researchers found that lactating mothers expose their pups to triclosan, leading to early signs of liver damage that can progress to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exposure to triclosan in early life may lay the groundwork for future development of fatty liver disease.
A new study found that a fast food diet before pregnancy can negatively impact breast milk quality and baby's health, increasing the risk of conditions like heart disease and diabetes. Even short-term consumption of high sugar and fat diets affects women's health and fertility.
A pooled data analysis of 11 international studies found that NAFLD is associated with a 50% heightened risk of developing heart failure. The severity of NAFLD also increases the risk, especially with extensive liver fibrosis.
A multidisciplinary team at Saint Louis University School of Medicine and industry partners have discovered a first-in-class treatment for a rare genetic liver disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The RNA interference drug fazirsiran effectively reverses liver fibrosis with minimal side effects.
A new study from Tel Aviv University found that CRISPR therapeutics can lead to a significant loss of genetic material in treated cells, potentially destabilizing the genome and promoting cancer. The researchers detected up to 10% of cells with lost chromosomes, highlighting the need for extra care when using this technology.
Researchers have identified two distinct phenotypes of inflammatory cell infiltration in severe alcoholic hepatitis, suggesting separate mechanisms driving liver injury and failure. These findings could lead to personalized treatment approaches, such as identifying patients who are more or less likely to respond to steroid therapy.