Articles tagged with Oxygen
New research finds the ocean's middle depths are already losing oxygen at unnatural rates and will reach a critical threshold in 2021. Climate change is expected to impact marine ecosystems worldwide, affecting fisheries and other resources.
Researchers from McGill University found that oxygen levels rose with complex eukaryotic ecosystems, indicating low oxygen was a significant limitation on evolution for billions of years. The discovery has implications for searching for biosignatures in other planets, focusing on ozone detection.
The study found that efficient metabolic processes and recycling of components used by the enzyme RuBisCO significantly speed up photosynthesis in Chlorella ohadii. This discovery could lead to improving photosynthesis efficiency in other plants, developing new engineering tools for sustainable food production.
Researchers found that reducing conditions, including low oxygen and hydrogen sulfide levels, played a greater role in the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction. The study used geochemical proxies to examine ocean conditions, finding evidence of higher oxygen levels in some areas, which supported life.
Researchers found that training at low intensity can be just as effective as high-intensity training in improving endurance and technique. Elite male cross-country skiers trained for several hours, with the majority of their sessions taking place at low intensity.
A new study analyzing the rock record rules out atmospheric oxygen before the Great Oxygenation Event, potentially rewriting our understanding of Earth's past. The research team used high-resolution techniques to inspect specimens of the rock, finding evidence that chemical data suggesting early oxygen may have been introduced later.
A study of nearly 12,000 obese patients found that substantial weight loss achieved through weight loss surgery was associated with improved outcomes after contracting COVID-19, including lower risk of severe disease. The results suggest that weight loss surgery may help mitigate the severity of COVID-19 in individuals with obesity.
Researchers studied 15 unusual stars in the Milky Way galaxy, discovering that all have recently undergone a rare phase where one star engulfs another. The findings provide new insight into the sky's most dramatic phenomena and may help answer questions about how stars live and die.
Researchers have developed microbubbles that can acoustically detect blood oxygen levels, showing a strong correlation between oxygen concentration and acoustic bubble response. This innovation has the potential to benefit medicine and imaging by evaluating oxygen-deprived regions of tumors and in the brain.
Researchers discovered that naked mole-rats rapidly decrease uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue to conserve energy in hypoxia. This mechanism may hold secrets for humans to survive and thrive in low-oxygen environments, particularly in relation to diseases like stroke and chronic pulmonary disorders.
Researchers at GIST have made a breakthrough in creating a perovskite material with easily tunable electrical properties. The study used ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction to investigate the effects of fabrication conditions on the material's surface.
A study found that racial bias in oxygen readings during the pandemic can lead to unequal access to life-saving ECMO therapy. The analysis, using a comprehensive international database, revealed higher rates of discrepancies in Black patients compared to white patients.
Researchers found asteroid and comet collisions occurred more frequently than thought, potentially delaying oxygen accumulation in the atmosphere. The study suggests that these impacts may have created an 'oxygen sink' that reduced atmospheric oxygen levels.
A new model by a SwRI-led team applies geologic evidence to understand how oxygen levels in the Earth's atmosphere evolved. The results indicate that large impacts may have contributed to the scarcity of oxygen, delaying its oxidation.
Engineers have successfully extracted water and oxygen from lunar soil using a two-step process, which could support future human exploration of the Moon. The system uses a mineral mixture that mimics lunar soil and produces gases through electrolysis, making it scalable and self-sustained.
Researchers have discovered a way to use mining waste as part of a potential cheaper catalyst for hydrogen fuel production. The new catalyst triggers water splitting reactions using aluminosilicate minerals found in mining waste, which could lead to lower production costs and increased efficiency.
Researchers found that large volcanic eruptions may have stimulated population surges of marine microorganisms, creating the first puffs of oxygen into the atmosphere. This would change existing stories of Earth's early atmosphere and has implications for extraterrestrial life and climate change.
Berkeley Lab's Partnership for Advanced Window Solutions accelerates nationwide adoption of highly efficient windows. Researchers also discover unique microbial signatures in cities worldwide and investigate oxygen loss in lithium-ion batteries.
Researchers found that planets with moderate tilts can increase oxygen production in oceans, favoring the emergence of complex life. This discovery helps refine the search for advanced life on exoplanets.
Researchers have measured the super-slow process of oxygen loss in lithium-ion batteries, revealing how it changes the electrode's structure and chemistry over time. This new understanding could lead to the development of new ways to engineer electrodes and prevent oxygen loss-related degradation.
Research published in Nature found that oxygen levels in temperate freshwater lakes declined 5.5% at the surface and 18.6% in deep waters since 1980. Climate change is driving this decline, which threatens aquatic biodiversity and drinking water quality.
Researchers developed a new method to label histidine residues in proteins, enabling rapid and selective chemical modification. This breakthrough offers new possibilities for protein analysis and drug delivery systems.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a new strategy to produce nanogap oxygen gas sensors with fast response times and low operating temperatures. The study presents a promising approach to create scalable gas-sensing platforms for various applications.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital has identified an enzyme that protects the brain from oxygen deprivation, leading to new potential therapies for strokes and brain injuries caused by cardiac arrest. The discovery was made serendipitously while researchers investigated techniques for inducing suspended animation.
Scientists successfully deliver oxygen through the lining of the intestine, a process called enteral ventilation or EVA, to alleviate respiratory failure. The method shows promise for reducing negative effects of oxygen deprivation and has potential as a less invasive alternative to traditional ventilators.
Scientists have developed a suite of advanced tools to study the oxygen evolution reaction, a key step in producing hydrogen fuel from water. They observed catalyst nanoparticles accelerate oxygen generation at unprecedented detail, identifying a single limiting step in the reaction.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a novel imaging method to visualize respiratory activity of 3D tissue models. The method uses potential step-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging to track oxygen consumption and produce luminescent signals.
Researchers found evidence of oxygen-using enzymes in ancient bacteria and archaea, dating back 3 billion years before the Great Oxygenation Event. This suggests that life forms already utilized oxygen long before the main event, which allowed for the evolution of humans and other oxygen-breathing organisms.
Alkanes participate extensively in autoxidation reactions with oxygen molecules, overturning current chemical knowledge and implications for air quality prediction and efficient fuel combustion. The discovery also sheds light on atmospheric conversion of volatile organic molecules into particulate matter.
Researchers discovered a unique molecular mechanism in CbA5H that shields the catalytic cofactor from oxygen attack, allowing it to repeatedly survive and resume activity. This protective function is provided by a thiol group binding directly to the substrate coordination site of the catalytic cluster.
A new research method has successfully investigated the role of oxygen in complex metal oxide surfaces, revealing that oxygen atoms settle down particularly easily in specific places. This breakthrough understanding will aid in improving important catalysts needed for energy and environmental technology.
COVID-19 causes lung destruction through the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to hypoxemia and inflammation. Pneumolysis can result in irreversible fibrosis and death if not treated with oxygen therapy and anti-inflammatory medication.
A new study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that pulse oximeter readings may be less accurate in Black patients than in White patients, leading to potential mismanagement of treatment. The findings suggest that device makers may need to make changes to ensure accurate readings for all patients.
Researchers found that low oxygen levels increase methane concentrations by 15 to 800 times, leading to more global warming. The study suggests that preventing low oxygen concentrations could prevent large methane producers.
Researchers at Kobe University developed a high-speed detection method to observe oxygen generated by artificial photosynthesis, revealing the mechanism behind water-to-oxygen reaction. The new method is 1000 times faster than conventional methods and could contribute to developing efficient photocatalysts for clean energy.
Chemists from the Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials discovered how oxygen affects the synthesis of a novel MOF; copper 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-benznetriol metal-organic framework. Oxygen prevents ligands from reducing Cu ions to Cu metal, facilitating MOF synthesis.
Researchers discovered the mechanism of an enzyme called F420-oxidase that converts oxygen into water, allowing methanogens to thrive in oxygen-free environments. The enzyme uses a gas channel and gating system to control the reaction, preventing oxygen from being transformed into superoxide.
Researchers discovered neutral Co13O8 clusters with cubic structure and large HOMO-LUMO gap, exhibiting remarkable thermal stability and aromaticity. These 'metalloxocubes' are expected to become suitable candidates for genetic materials.
A Virginia Tech chemistry lab has successfully split water molecules into hydrogen fuel and oxygen gas, paving the way for a renewable energy future. The team's new technique reassembles a catalyst to improve efficiency and stability, solving a key barrier in the process.
A study using ocean chemistry models reveals that respiration quotient increases with rising temperature, leading to accelerated declines in ocean oxygen. The findings suggest a link between global warming and reduced ocean oxygen availability.
Researchers from Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered that water molecules facilitate oxygen dissociation in aqueous solutions, reducing energy costs by 25%. This breakthrough helps explain the high catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles on metal oxides for selective oxidation.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that copper catalysts are superior to purely metallic-origin catalysts in producing ethylene after oxygen is depleted. The team developed a method to 'reactivate' the catalyst by re-adding and re-removing oxygen, improving efficiency.
Early oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere dates back to 2.4 billion years ago, with volcanic gases likely holding it back until a less-oxidized mantle became more oxidized, allowing oxygen to flood the air.
Researchers discovered an oxygen-excess phase in the mid-mantle that contains more oxygen than hematite. This new phase could have long-termly oxidized the shallow mantle and crust, influencing global habitability.
Researchers are using high-efficiency mrixS to study oxygen atoms and metal states in battery electrodes. The technique helps detect chemical states, track electron movement, and measure degradation, leading to improved battery performance.
Researchers have developed a new tool to predict volcanic eruptions by analyzing the composition of gases in the atmosphere. The tool uses precise measurements to identify the contribution of the atmosphere and Earth's mantle to these gases, allowing for more accurate predictions of future eruptions.
ETH Zurich researchers have designed cost-effective oxygen concentrators to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The devices use a novel membrane technology and can be replicated almost anywhere in the world using locally available materials.
A new study found that ocean changes in the early Neoproterozoic era limited phytoplankton growth and oxygen release, maintaining an oxidizing atmosphere. The study suggests that phosphorus levels remained 'just sufficient' to support life.
Astronomers have detected significant amounts of oxygen in the ancient star J0815+4729, which is one of the oldest and most elementally depleted stars known. This finding provides valuable insights into how oxygen and other essential elements were produced in the early universe.
Researchers characterized the light-harvesting system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a common unicellular green alga. The study reveals the assembly mechanisms and energy transfer pathways of the C2S2M2L2 supercomplex, shedding light on efficient light harvesting in green algae.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum identified why certain enzymes like hydrogenases are unstable in oxygen. By analyzing structural changes on an atomic level, they hope to protect these proteins against oxygen in future biotech applications.
New research reveals fish are more resilient to low oxygen events than thought, with CO2 levels playing a key role in their ability to tolerate hypoxia. Sea bass shows a 20% increase in tolerance due to changes in blood chemistry, enabling haemoglobin to transport oxygen more effectively.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals new bonding configurations for nitrogen and oxygen atoms in graphene. Researchers found that oxygen atoms can form three bonds with carbon neighbors, contradicting the traditional understanding of their bonding behavior.
Researchers have discovered a new catalyst using bulk cerium oxide that can efficiently remove oxygen from biomass, enabling more economical conversion to fuels and chemicals. The discovery could reduce energy use and carbon emissions associated with fossil fuel production.
Researchers at DGIST synthesized biomimetic materials that increase the efficiency of chemical reaction related to body metabolism. The 'copper(II)-hydroperoxo complex' boasts higher efficiency than existing complexes in deformylation reaction.
Current artificial leaves convert only 15% of inhaled CO2 into fuel and release 85%, while new bipolar membrane technology increases efficiency to 60-70%
A multinational team successfully alters oxygen atoms' charge states and achieves reversible conversion to molecular oxygen using Kelvin probe force spectroscopy. The researchers found that controlled bonding between adjacent oxygen atoms can be induced remotely via surface polarons.
Scientists predict the oceans will become warmer, but surprisingly more oxygen-rich due to nitrogen-cycle interactions. After centuries of declining oxygen levels, the ocean's oxygen inventory may even surpass pre-industrial levels by 4000 years.
Researchers at Kazan University have developed a new method to synthesize organophosphorous compounds directly from white phosphorus, reducing the need for toxic chlorine oxygenation technology. The innovative process utilizes electrolysis and acid on a lead cathode, resulting in high-speed, selective, and easy-to-control synthesis.
Scientists warn that Antarctic species are at risk due to declining oxygen levels in the ocean, which could lead to extinction for larger marine invertebrates and fish. The study found that some species have evolved mechanisms to compensate for reduced oxygen, but many large species will likely be impacted by climate change.