Articles tagged with Oxygen
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Scientists have developed a suite of advanced tools to study the oxygen evolution reaction, a key step in producing hydrogen fuel from water. They observed catalyst nanoparticles accelerate oxygen generation at unprecedented detail, identifying a single limiting step in the reaction.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a novel imaging method to visualize respiratory activity of 3D tissue models. The method uses potential step-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging to track oxygen consumption and produce luminescent signals.
Researchers found evidence of oxygen-using enzymes in ancient bacteria and archaea, dating back 3 billion years before the Great Oxygenation Event. This suggests that life forms already utilized oxygen long before the main event, which allowed for the evolution of humans and other oxygen-breathing organisms.
Alkanes participate extensively in autoxidation reactions with oxygen molecules, overturning current chemical knowledge and implications for air quality prediction and efficient fuel combustion. The discovery also sheds light on atmospheric conversion of volatile organic molecules into particulate matter.
Researchers discovered a unique molecular mechanism in CbA5H that shields the catalytic cofactor from oxygen attack, allowing it to repeatedly survive and resume activity. This protective function is provided by a thiol group binding directly to the substrate coordination site of the catalytic cluster.
A new research method has successfully investigated the role of oxygen in complex metal oxide surfaces, revealing that oxygen atoms settle down particularly easily in specific places. This breakthrough understanding will aid in improving important catalysts needed for energy and environmental technology.
COVID-19 causes lung destruction through the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leading to hypoxemia and inflammation. Pneumolysis can result in irreversible fibrosis and death if not treated with oxygen therapy and anti-inflammatory medication.
A new study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that pulse oximeter readings may be less accurate in Black patients than in White patients, leading to potential mismanagement of treatment. The findings suggest that device makers may need to make changes to ensure accurate readings for all patients.
Researchers found that low oxygen levels increase methane concentrations by 15 to 800 times, leading to more global warming. The study suggests that preventing low oxygen concentrations could prevent large methane producers.
Researchers at Kobe University developed a high-speed detection method to observe oxygen generated by artificial photosynthesis, revealing the mechanism behind water-to-oxygen reaction. The new method is 1000 times faster than conventional methods and could contribute to developing efficient photocatalysts for clean energy.
Chemists from the Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials discovered how oxygen affects the synthesis of a novel MOF; copper 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-benznetriol metal-organic framework. Oxygen prevents ligands from reducing Cu ions to Cu metal, facilitating MOF synthesis.
Researchers discovered the mechanism of an enzyme called F420-oxidase that converts oxygen into water, allowing methanogens to thrive in oxygen-free environments. The enzyme uses a gas channel and gating system to control the reaction, preventing oxygen from being transformed into superoxide.
Researchers discovered neutral Co13O8 clusters with cubic structure and large HOMO-LUMO gap, exhibiting remarkable thermal stability and aromaticity. These 'metalloxocubes' are expected to become suitable candidates for genetic materials.
A Virginia Tech chemistry lab has successfully split water molecules into hydrogen fuel and oxygen gas, paving the way for a renewable energy future. The team's new technique reassembles a catalyst to improve efficiency and stability, solving a key barrier in the process.
A study using ocean chemistry models reveals that respiration quotient increases with rising temperature, leading to accelerated declines in ocean oxygen. The findings suggest a link between global warming and reduced ocean oxygen availability.
Researchers from Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered that water molecules facilitate oxygen dissociation in aqueous solutions, reducing energy costs by 25%. This breakthrough helps explain the high catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles on metal oxides for selective oxidation.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that copper catalysts are superior to purely metallic-origin catalysts in producing ethylene after oxygen is depleted. The team developed a method to 'reactivate' the catalyst by re-adding and re-removing oxygen, improving efficiency.
Early oxygen accumulation in Earth's atmosphere dates back to 2.4 billion years ago, with volcanic gases likely holding it back until a less-oxidized mantle became more oxidized, allowing oxygen to flood the air.
Researchers discovered an oxygen-excess phase in the mid-mantle that contains more oxygen than hematite. This new phase could have long-termly oxidized the shallow mantle and crust, influencing global habitability.
Researchers are using high-efficiency mrixS to study oxygen atoms and metal states in battery electrodes. The technique helps detect chemical states, track electron movement, and measure degradation, leading to improved battery performance.
Researchers have developed a new tool to predict volcanic eruptions by analyzing the composition of gases in the atmosphere. The tool uses precise measurements to identify the contribution of the atmosphere and Earth's mantle to these gases, allowing for more accurate predictions of future eruptions.
ETH Zurich researchers have designed cost-effective oxygen concentrators to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The devices use a novel membrane technology and can be replicated almost anywhere in the world using locally available materials.
A new study found that ocean changes in the early Neoproterozoic era limited phytoplankton growth and oxygen release, maintaining an oxidizing atmosphere. The study suggests that phosphorus levels remained 'just sufficient' to support life.
Astronomers have detected significant amounts of oxygen in the ancient star J0815+4729, which is one of the oldest and most elementally depleted stars known. This finding provides valuable insights into how oxygen and other essential elements were produced in the early universe.
Researchers characterized the light-harvesting system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a common unicellular green alga. The study reveals the assembly mechanisms and energy transfer pathways of the C2S2M2L2 supercomplex, shedding light on efficient light harvesting in green algae.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum identified why certain enzymes like hydrogenases are unstable in oxygen. By analyzing structural changes on an atomic level, they hope to protect these proteins against oxygen in future biotech applications.
New research reveals fish are more resilient to low oxygen events than thought, with CO2 levels playing a key role in their ability to tolerate hypoxia. Sea bass shows a 20% increase in tolerance due to changes in blood chemistry, enabling haemoglobin to transport oxygen more effectively.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals new bonding configurations for nitrogen and oxygen atoms in graphene. Researchers found that oxygen atoms can form three bonds with carbon neighbors, contradicting the traditional understanding of their bonding behavior.
Researchers have discovered a new catalyst using bulk cerium oxide that can efficiently remove oxygen from biomass, enabling more economical conversion to fuels and chemicals. The discovery could reduce energy use and carbon emissions associated with fossil fuel production.
Researchers at DGIST synthesized biomimetic materials that increase the efficiency of chemical reaction related to body metabolism. The 'copper(II)-hydroperoxo complex' boasts higher efficiency than existing complexes in deformylation reaction.
Current artificial leaves convert only 15% of inhaled CO2 into fuel and release 85%, while new bipolar membrane technology increases efficiency to 60-70%
A multinational team successfully alters oxygen atoms' charge states and achieves reversible conversion to molecular oxygen using Kelvin probe force spectroscopy. The researchers found that controlled bonding between adjacent oxygen atoms can be induced remotely via surface polarons.
Scientists predict the oceans will become warmer, but surprisingly more oxygen-rich due to nitrogen-cycle interactions. After centuries of declining oxygen levels, the ocean's oxygen inventory may even surpass pre-industrial levels by 4000 years.
Researchers at Kazan University have developed a new method to synthesize organophosphorous compounds directly from white phosphorus, reducing the need for toxic chlorine oxygenation technology. The innovative process utilizes electrolysis and acid on a lead cathode, resulting in high-speed, selective, and easy-to-control synthesis.
Scientists warn that Antarctic species are at risk due to declining oxygen levels in the ocean, which could lead to extinction for larger marine invertebrates and fish. The study found that some species have evolved mechanisms to compensate for reduced oxygen, but many large species will likely be impacted by climate change.
Researchers used rare oxygen molecules trapped in air bubbles in old ice and snow to track ancient ozone levels, establishing a limit of 40% increase since 1850. This new data bolsters confidence in atmospheric chemistry models' ability to predict future changes.
Researchers have developed a new chemical process that can turn carbon dioxide into molecular oxygen, a crucial component for human exploration of space and combating climate change. The reaction occurs when CO2 molecules collide with the surface at high speeds, producing oxygen atoms that can be combined to form O2.
Engineers at University of Wisconsin-Madison have revealed new insights about the chemical reactions that power fuel cells, shedding light on their degradation issues. The study found that the rate-limiting step in fuel cell efficiency is not oxygen splitting, but rather how oxygen atoms find and enter vacancies at the surface.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered and characterized oxygen-11, the lightest-ever form of oxygen with three neutrons to its eight protons. This discovery opens a new avenue for studying nuclear symmetry by comparing it to its mirror nucleus lithium-11.
A team of UFZ researchers has discovered an archaeon that oxidises ethane, a major component of natural gas, on the seabed. The single-celled organism, Candidatus Argoarchaeum ethanivorans, was found to degrade ethane into carbon dioxide through a unique metabolic pathway.
Stanford researchers have devised a way to generate hydrogen fuel from seawater using solar power, electrodes, and saltwater from San Francisco Bay. The new method uses electrolysis to separate hydrogen and oxygen gas from seawater via electricity, overcoming the limitations of existing methods that rely on purified water.
Researchers at TU Dresden develop programmable transparent organic luminescent tags that can be written, read, and erased using light. The tags use a thin layer of organic molecules that can emit light when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
Researchers at Kyoto University have designed a temperature-controllable copper-based material that can dynamically change pore sizes, allowing for improved gas separation and storage. The material can selectively adsorb gases based on temperature, opening channels to separate gases with different molecular sizes.
Researchers created both organic compounds and oxygen in the lab without life. The simulations, published by Johns Hopkins University, suggest that oxygen and organics can be produced abiotically, leading to false positives for life.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a plasma treatment method that modifies electrode surfaces to facilitate efficient water transport in fuel cells. This innovation enables fuel cells to operate effectively without excessive moisture, improving overall performance and energy conversion rates.
A new study suggests that nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas, played a significant role in keeping early Earth warm. The research found that nitrous oxide could have reached ten times today's levels, providing an extra boost of global warming under the Faint Young Sun Paradox.
Meteorite chondrules reveal that oxygen and volatile elements increased in the inner Solar System until around 4.567 billion years ago. Volatile element delivery continued to increase after this point, supporting a model of Mars' early formation under oxidizing conditions and Earth's accretion under reducing conditions.
Researchers found low oxygen levels in early Earth rocks, indicating significant atmospheric variations during early life development. Oxygen concentrations were around 0.1% of present levels, affecting the evolution of complex organisms.
The study successfully uses an air-pressure control furnace to rapidly synthesize Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 solid solutions, achieving material synthesis in a shorter period than conventional electric furnaces. The researchers attribute this success to the oxygen diffusion mechanism involving interstitial oxygen.
A study published in PNAS found that powerful volcanoes depleted oceans of oxygen millions of years ago, driving mass extinctions. The researchers reconstructed Early Jurassic ocean oxygen levels and linked the event to massive volcanic activity and carbon dioxide increases.
Scientists from Shinshu University and PSL University have theoretically proved a new mechanism for separating air molecules using nanowindows in graphene. The study shows that the atomic vibration of the nanowindow-rim changes the effective nanowidow size, selectively allowing oxygen from air to pass through, with separation efficienc...
Astronomers discover faint signal of oxygen in galaxy MACS1149-JD1, which is 13.28 billion light-years away and contains chemical maturity that suggests stars were forming as early as 250 million years after the Big Bang. This detection pushes back our understanding of cosmic dawn and the earliest phases of star formation.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have identified a family of indoline compounds with potent activity against pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS toxicity. These novel substances show promise in treating acute pancreatic inflammation, fatty liver damage, and diabetes.
Researchers propose a two-stage system converting urban waste into gas under reducing conditions, then burning the gas efficiently in optimized equipment. This method minimizes toxic substance generation and reduces CO2 emissions by up to 300 kg per ton of treated waste.
The Gulf of Oman has been found to have a vast and growing oxygen minimum zone, with an area larger than Scotland having almost no oxygen left. Climate change and pollution are exacerbating the issue, threatening marine life and human reliance on the oceans.
A new implantable device could help insulin-producing cells live longer after transplant and improve treatment of type 1 diabetes. The device, developed by MIT researchers, supplies oxygen to transplanted islet cells, allowing them to remain viable for several months and maintain normal blood glucose levels.
The study of a two-billion-year-old salt mineral deposit provides new insights into the Earth's atmosphere following the Great Oxidation Event. Marine sulfate concentrations were significantly lower in ancient oceans, indicating large amounts of oxygen reacted with sulfur, accumulating in the oceans as sulfates.
A new catalyst developed by Georgia Institute of Technology researchers can significantly improve the efficiency of fuel cells by speeding up oxygen processing. This breakthrough could enable the widespread adoption of clean energy technology and reduce costs associated with producing hydrogen fuel, a key ingredient for fuel cells.
The discovery suggests that the increase in oxygen in the biosphere triggered the addition of supplementary amino acids to form more functional proteins. The newer amino acids have systematically softer chemistry, making them more reactive and prone to undergo chemical changes.
A University of Washington study identifies a new combination of gases that could provide evidence of life: methane plus carbon dioxide minus carbon monoxide. This imbalance signals life, and the method is doable and may lead to the historic discovery of an extraterrestrial biosphere.