Articles tagged with Sulfur
Scientists found pressure-induced amorphization and reversible structural transformations in sulfur dioxide under extreme conditions. The researchers discovered a phase transition from molecular to polymeric amorphous forms of SO2, shedding light on a poorly understood phenomenon in condensed matter physics.
Researchers found that a small presence of sulfur in the atmosphere can lead to three times more haze particles, primarily organic sulfur products. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about sulfur's role in exoplanet atmospheres and highlights the importance of caution when interpreting spectroscopic data.
Researchers found that bulls fed distillers grains had higher sperm quality and greater body weight, but no significant difference in body fat. The study suggests that distillers grains can be safely used in bull development rations, with minimal impact on reproductive health.
The researchers developed a low-cost and straightforward liquid phase process to create an active sulfur material and carbon nanofiber composite. This composite showed higher discharge capacity and better cycle stability than traditional lithium-ion secondary batteries. The new battery technology has the potential to revolutionize the ...
Researchers have found a cost-effective method to produce catalysts for hydrogen engines, reducing material costs and increasing efficiency. Molybdenum sulfide is proposed as a suitable alternative to expensive platinum or molybdenum-based catalysts.
Scientists Takashi Yoshizaki and Bill McDonough developed a new compositional model for Mars, predicting the depth to its core-mantle boundary at around 1,800 km. The model suggests moderate amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen in Mars' core, with the core accounting for only about one-sixth of the planet's mass.
Scientists found that at least 30% of oceanic dimethyl sulfide is transformed into hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF), a previously unknown atmospheric compound. This discovery suggests reevaluation of marine sulfur's impact on cloud formation and climate.
Scientists at Kyushu University found that two enzymes, BGLU28 and BGLU30, play a crucial role in breaking down glucosinolates in plants deficient in sulfur. The study reveals that these enzymes are essential for plant growth under sulfur-deprived conditions.
A Montana State University biotechnology researcher discovered a previously unknown tool that cells can use to protect their proteins from irreversible damage caused by redox reactions. This mechanism involves adding an extra sulfur atom onto existing sulfurs in protein molecules, allowing cells to recover and make new proteins.
Researchers have developed a method to synthesize large-area, atomically thin molybdenum disulfide films with modified structures depending on the synthesis temperature. The resulting films show promise for use in electronic devices and optical communication, with potential breakthroughs in transparent and flexible electronics.
A 16-year-old high school student, Julia Kagiliery, co-authored a paper in the International Journal of Coal Geology with Texas Tech Professor David Weindorf. They developed an accurate method to quantify lignite sulfur content using optical and X-ray methods.
Researchers at UTSA are developing new methods to synthesize organosulfur compounds, which are widely used in pharmaceuticals. The goal is to improve the accuracy and speed of these synthesis processes, leading to more effective medicines and potentially advancing functional materials.
A team of researchers from TROPOS and Universities in Germany, Austria, and Finland have discovered a new reaction pathway for dimethyl sulfide, challenging current knowledge on its degradation. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of the Earth's sulfur cycle and climate modeling.
A crowdsourcing game called Foldit allows players to design protein structures that are reproduced in labs, showing their accuracy. Researchers also discovered how cooking affects the gut microbiome and found a new material to remove toxic sulfur dioxide gas.
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a new layered superconducting material with four distinct sublayers, achieving unparalleled customizability and higher critical temperatures. By introducing different elements, they were able to raise the critical temperature from 0.5K to above 2.0K and later to 3.0K.
Researchers developed a sandwich-structured electrode using ZIF-67 to trap polysulfides, improving reaction kinetics and preventing the shuttling effect. This enhances lithium sulfur battery performance by up to three times that of traditional lithium ion batteries.
A new study reveals that coastal proximity, rain and prevailing wind direction influence the distribution of marine sulfur on land. Plants in coastal settings utilize marine-derived sulfur, which is affected by human activities such as oil refineries and vehicles.
Research reveals a 33% decadeal increase in Arctic dimethylsulfide emissions, primarily driven by reduced Arctic ice cover. The authors predict a possible doubling of emissions if the entire Arctic summer ice disappears.
Scientists at the University of Delaware and Georgia Tech have won a grant to develop a new approach for improving the efficiency of PERC cells, which are designed to increase electricity generation in solar panels. The team aims to use sulfur and selenium to create more efficient silicon solar cells with improved voltage.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in fulfilling perfect diamagnetism of sulfur hydride system under high pressure, using a highly sensitive magnetic susceptibility technique. The research confirms high-temperature superconductivity and determines the superconducting phase diagram of sulfur hydrogen system.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have designed an organic cathode material with sulfur for lithium batteries, achieving higher energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. The new material overcomes challenges associated with sulfur batteries by stabilizing it through an organic backbone.
Researchers at Kumamoto University have developed a new polysulfide donor that strongly suppresses inflammatory responses. The compound artificially increases reactive sulfur species in cells, leading to reduced inflammation and improved survival rates in mice with endotoxin shock.
A study by Lawson Research Institute found evidence of a strong association between exposure to sulfur dioxide during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, including low birthweight and preterm birth. Pregnant women were 3.4 times more likely to have a low birthweight baby for every 1-part per billion increase in sulfur dioxide.
Researchers at MIT developed a new 'hybrid' cathode combining two approaches to increase energy output per pound and liter, resulting in higher power density. The new material can already beat existing batteries in terms of energy density, paving the way for longer-range electric cars and portable electronics.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces exhaust free of NOx and SOx. The filter augments the desulfurization properties of MnO2 with ozone from an atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma, improving NO2 elimination by over 99%.
The Manaro Voui volcano in Vanuatu released the largest amount of sulfur dioxide in 2018, with 400k tons during its most active phase in July. The eruption had devastating effects, including acid rain and destruction of homes.
A new study by ELSI researchers suggests life thrived on Earth 3.5 billion years ago, based on analysis of ancient sulfur isotope ratios. The findings provide new insights into microbial metabolism and its impact on the geochemical record.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a new process to create polymers from sulfur, which could lead to more sustainable plastics. The discovery, published in Nature Communications, uses a catalytic process that reduces reaction times and temperatures, making it more efficient and environmentally friendly.
Gypsum, recovered from coal-fired power plants, is a rich source of calcium and sulfur, promoting better root development and reducing aluminum toxicity. Its application also improves soil structure, reducing erosion and phosphorus movement, benefiting various crops like corn and alfalfa.
Researchers at Kanazawa University designed a metallomolecular cage that can be opened through disulfide exchange reactions with thiolate anions. The cage's 'hatch' opens to allow cesium ions to enter, demonstrating its potential as a molecular container with on-demand guest uptake/release systems.
Researchers found that extratropical eruptions produce strong hemispheric cooling in proportion to their sulfur release, contrary to the assumed weaker impact. This study sheds light on the importance of injection height and helps quantify volcanic eruptions' past climate variability effects.
Researchers at the University of Malaga have discovered that sulfur atoms can exhibit both donative and repulsive behavior, leading to the creation of more stable and functional organic diradicals. These findings have significant implications for various scientific fields, including chemistry and environmental science.
Researchers found that polysulfanes decompose during wine storage, releasing hydrogen sulfide and causing the smell of sewage or rotten eggs. The study suggests that antioxidants like sulfur dioxide can help manage the release of stinky sulfur compounds in wine.
A team of scientists has uncovered a new compound produced by the bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum, which is found in volcanic hot springs. The discovery reveals that the microbe modifies a previously unknown thiol to produce a compound called N-methyl-bacillithiol, which plays a crucial role in the sulfur cycle. This finding has signif...
Researchers deployed low-cost, solar-powered sensors to monitor air quality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. The devices detected high levels of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, exceeding EPA standards on nearly 80% of days during the monitoring period.
Research from Harvard suggests that reducing formaldehyde emissions could be more effective at reducing extreme wintertime haze than focusing solely on sulfur dioxide. Formaldehyde is formed by the reaction of SO2 with formaldehyde in clouds or fog droplets, and its sources are primarily vehicles and industrial facilities.
Scientists have found a simple way to detect air pollutants like sulfur dioxide in real time by analyzing changes in moss leaves. Moss can regenerate its chemical sensing capacity, making it a sustainable natural plant sensor for rapidly alerting authorities to potential dangers.
Researchers at Drexel University have developed a stable cathode material that can hold polysulfides in place, maintaining energy density while reducing weight and production time. The new approach uses titanium monoxide nanofibers to immobilize polysulfides, enabling Li-S batteries to achieve superior performance through hundreds of c...
Researchers from Aarhus University have developed a simpler and safer way to introduce sulfur-containing fragments into chemical compounds. The new method uses a gold-based catalyst to promote the hydrothiolation of olefins, providing high yields and avoiding the need for handling flammable gas.
A study by University of Connecticut researchers found that increased trans-Arctic shipping could lead to a minor cooling effect in the Arctic, potentially offsetting some of the overall warming trend. However, this effect is relatively minor and may be offset by international regulation and trade agreements.
Researchers have developed a new synthetic route to 1,4-dicarbonyls, a class of molecules found in natural products, drug targets, and pharmaceuticals. By using sulfoxides, a type of oxidized sulfur compound, they can create multiple isomers selectively.
A new study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals a previously unknown sulfur isotope effect that helps identify sources of air pollution in China. The researchers used sulfur isotopes to analyze coal and air samples, finding a connection between biomass burning and aerosol formation.
Researchers from China and the US analyzed five sulfur isotopes in aerosol, SO2, and coal samples to determine their sources. The study reveals that photochemical reactions in the stratosphere produce sulfate aerosols enriched with 33S, while biomass and fossil fuel combustion yield sulfates depleted in 36S.
Scientists have discovered that Mars' massive dust storms originate from a single geological formation near the equator. This vast deposit, called the Medusae Fossae Formation, has been eroding over time and polluting the planet with fine, powdery dust particles.
Researchers found that ancient rock sulfur isotope anomalies align in rivers eroding the rocks, supporting the timing of oxygen's appearance around 2.7 billion years ago. The balance suggests a robust oxygenation event, allowing for better understanding of complex life's emergence.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have found that competition between interfacial ordering and disordering leads to brittle fractures at grain boundaries. They also discovered bipolar interfacial structures cause brittle intergranular fractures in sulfur-doped nickel.
Researchers from MSU and RIKEN Nishina Center discovered eight new rare isotopes of elements phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium, scandium, and calcium. Calcium-60 is the heaviest known calcium atom with 20 protons and 40 neutrons.
Following China's July 2014 deadline, coal-fired plant emissions declined significantly as measured by on-the-ground and satellite monitoring. The strongest correlation was found in regions with the least aggressive new standards.
Researchers analyzed a 200-year sediment core from a Himalayan lake, finding increased sulfate concentrations starting at the end of the Second Industrial Revolution. The findings suggest that atmospheric sulfur isotope ratios in the region were influenced by pre-industrial biomass burning and post-1930 anthropogenic dust emissions.
A new study found that China's sulfur emissions from coal-fired power plants decreased by 13.9% after implementing a law requiring significant reductions, but compliance varied widely among regions. The research used satellite data and on-the-ground emissions monitoring systems to pinpoint discrepancies and suggest policy lessons.
Researchers have developed a novel host material, nickel ferrite, to increase the volumetric capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries. The S/NiFe2O4 composite delivers an initial discharge capacity of 963.6 mAh/g and good cycle stability, outperforming sulfur-based composites with carbon hosts.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a self-assembling 3D battery architecture that enables lightning-fast charging times. The battery's innovative design eliminates energy storage losses and increases power density, making it potentially revolutionary for electronic devices.
Bielefeld chemists create a biocatalytic method to selectively reduce sulfur-containing heterocycles, yielding highly enantioselective synthesis of target compounds. The discovery has potential applications in developing new active substances and sustainable pharmaceutical production.
The Argonne team discovered that sulfur diffusion breaks down nanodiamonds into onion-like carbon, creating a superlubricant with friction 10 times lower than some nonstick coatings. The new lubricant can be used in various industries, including wind turbines and magnetic disc drives.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a way to improve the lifespan of lithium-sulfur batteries by using microwaved plastic as a carbon scaffold. The process reduces polysulfide shuttling effect, increasing battery capacity retention and paving the way for commercial use.
Researchers argue that garlic's unique flavor comes from sulfur compounds, which are biologically active within mammalian cells. However, the complexity of preparing garlic affects which sulfur compounds are consumed, leading to inconsistent results in human intervention studies.
Researchers found that defects in 2D molybdenum sulfide materials can improve their physical and electrochemical properties. By intentionally introducing sulfur vacancies, they can enhance chemical processes like hydrogen evolution from water, leading to increased energy efficiency and reduced costs.
Researchers found that sulfur amino acid restriction can lead to enhanced lifespan, weight loss, and reduced oxidative stress in animals. While more research is needed in humans, the study suggests that a restricted diet may help protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have developed a high-powered, environmentally safe lithium-sulfur substitute that could drastically lengthen battery life. The new technology improves stability and power density, making lithium-sulfur batteries more commercially viable.
Scientists at Penn State have developed a new understanding of why synthetic 2D materials often perform orders of magnitude worse than predicted. By using oxygen-terminated substrate surfaces, they enhanced the photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetime of molybdenum disulfide by 100 times.