Articles tagged with Solar Radiation
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A University of Arizona-led research team has measured the dynamics and ever-changing hot gas shell from where the solar wind originates. The study helps scientists answer fundamental questions about energy and matter moving through the heliosphere, affecting space weather events and planetary orbits.
A new study shows that reducing air pollution has decreased the brightness of marine clouds, leading to accelerated warming. Scientists attribute 70% of this change to aerosols, and researchers are exploring ways to make clouds shinier without polluting the air.
Aarhus University researchers have developed a transparent layer with silver nanorings that adapts to sunlight intensity, controlling heat entry through glass without dimming the view. The thermoplasmonic effect reduces near-infrared transmission, lowering cooling demand and CO₂ emissions in energy-efficient buildings.
The European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter mission has split energetic particles into two groups, tracing them back to distinct solar outbursts. Researchers found that one type of particle is connected to intense solar flares and the other to larger coronal mass ejections.
Astronomers captured dark coronal loop strands with unprecedented clarity during an X1.3-class flare, measuring 48.2 km in width, the smallest ever imaged. The team's high-resolution images offer a potential breakthrough in resolving the fundamental scale of solar coronal loops and improving space weather forecasting.
Researchers discovered that sunlight's oscillating electric field plays a crucial role in enhancing interfacial water evaporation. The stronger the electric field, the faster water evaporates. This finding has implications for engineering more efficient water-evaporation technologies.
Researchers from Politecnico di Milano developed a study analyzing agrivoltaics' potential to reduce global conflict over land use. The coexistence of photovoltaic panels and agricultural crops can help solve the pressure on arable land due to growing energy demand and food production needs.
A study found that Arctic snow and ice melting triggers an enhancement in the cloud short-wave cooling effect, partially slowing further melting. This new perspective reveals a co-evolution mechanism between clouds, snow/ice coverage, and surface albedo.
The study found that solar wind radiation plays a dominant role in space weathering on the lunar farside, differing from the nearside. The Chang'e-6 samples showed less melt drops and no nanophase metallic iron particles, indicating variations in the space environment.
Researchers from CNRS found that applying a mixture of sunscreen and insect repellent simultaneously decreases UV protection. The study used skin biopsies and computer tool analysis to measure the stress response of skin cells to radiation.
A recent study reveals a significant long-term decline in downward surface solar radiation globally, with significant decadal variations observed over land. The research highlights the role of water vapor in DSSR changes, which was previously overlooked, and shows that future DSSR changes will depend heavily on emission scenarios.
The AstroRad vest employs high-density polymers to shield vital organs from radiation exposure, addressing cancer and radiation sickness risks. The wearable technology has undergone extensive testing through the ISS National Lab, leading to significant enhancements in its design and functionality.
Researchers reconstructed the energy spectrum of a significant SEP event on February 15, 2022, for Mars using data from multiple detectors and models. This breakthrough enhances understanding of the Martian radiation environment, crucial for future mission safety.
A recent study reveals that oceans produce a previously unknown sulfur gas called methanethiol, which cools the climate by increasing aerosol formation and reflecting solar radiation. This new compound is found to have a greater cooling capacity than dimethyl sulphide and its impact on climate models.
A geospatial analysis found that areas with more tanning bed facilities experience higher rates of melanoma. The study identified six high-risk clusters and seven low-risk clusters, suggesting a significant association between access to tanning beds and increased melanoma incidence.
Researchers found that the El Niño oscillation persisted at least 250 million years ago, with more intense temperature swings. The study suggests that atmospheric noise from ocean surface winds plays a key role in the oscillation's magnitude.
A WVU researcher says ancient tree rings can record rare and extreme space weather events, including geomagnetic storms. The study aims to better understand how to prepare for such events and mitigate their impact on communication satellites and astronauts.
Researchers analyzed satellite data to understand solar irradiance variability in the Asia Pacific region, revealing optimal locations for solar power plants and distribution strategies to minimize fluctuations. The study's findings will help plan for sustainable energy technologies and combat climate change.
A uniquely powerful geomagnetic storm led to unprecedented changes in the upper atmosphere, including location and spread of particles, composition, and temperature. These changes may pose significant risks to satellites and GPS systems, as well as impact navigation and communication technologies.
A new framework enables efficient calculation of optimal solar panel and battery sizes for residential neighborhoods, making it feasible to achieve net-zero energy houses. The approach leverages linear programming transformations to overcome computational challenges, demonstrating that ZEH status does not significantly elevate costs.
A new study reveals that solar radiation can affect the Earth's deep interior, influencing the redox state of arc magma. The research found a latitude-dependent distribution of arc magma with less oxidized magma in lower latitudes.
Scientists at TUM develop advanced early detection method to predict abrupt shifts in natural systems. The new approach enhances ability to monitor and respond to potential tipping points, potentially anticipating large-scale climate events.
Researchers investigated solar radiation's effects on skin microbiome, discovering it can create a damaged skin barrier. The study proposes innovative sun protection methods that safeguard both skin integrity and microbiome balance.
Scientists have identified the mysterious origins of the 'slow' solar wind using data from Solar Orbiter's first close journey to the Sun. The slow wind is thought to originate from areas where open and closed magnetic field lines meet, allowing it to escape into space through a process of breaking and reconnection.
The study presents a comprehensive physical explanation for the sun's activity cycles, attributing them to Rossby waves mediated by planetary tidal influences. This model successfully explains the Schwabe cycle and other solar cycles, providing strong evidence for the planetary hypothesis.
Researchers have developed a method to trap solar energy at temperatures over 1,000°C using synthetic quartz, demonstrating its potential for clean energy in carbon-intensive industries. The technology shows promise for industrial applications and could provide an economic viable alternative to fossil fuels.
A new study challenges the initial detection of a biosignature gas on K2-18b, suggesting that the data may be inconclusive. However, researchers believe it's possible for life to produce detectable levels of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the planet's atmosphere.
Researchers analyzed 42 superflares using two models and concluded that hydrogen recombination is the most physically plausible explanation for high levels of energy. This model is supported by flare processes described in solar flares, which are well-studied phenomena.
A Washington State University-led study found that widespread, extreme temperature events can capture greater solar radiation and higher wind speeds to help power grids. This analysis suggests using more renewable energy at these times could reduce strain on grids during increased energy demand.
The Zero-Energy Switchable Radiative Cooler (ZESRC) is a temperature-responsive solution that balances building temperatures sustainably. Field experiments demonstrate its effectiveness across seasons, reducing energy consumption by 14.3% compared to other devices.
Researchers have developed a non-crossing quantile regression neural network (NCQRNN) model to enhance the statistical reliability of weather forecasts. The NCQRNN model preserves the rank order of output nodes, ensuring lower quantiles stay smaller than higher ones, boosting accuracy and improving forecast interpretability.
A study of the Orion Nebula reveals that massive stars play a crucial role in shaping planetary systems. The intense ultraviolet radiation from these stars can either facilitate or hinder planet formation, depending on the mass of the star at the system's center.
Research suggests polar climates are adjusting to a warming climate with changes in regional climate dynamics. Altered ocean-sea ice interactions may be driving recent fluctuations in sea ice extent, according to new studies.
A Tel Aviv University study found that women in this age group experience increased AMH secretion when exposed to UV radiation from the sun. This increase in hormone levels is associated with a positive effect on fertility.
Researchers led by Bruno Arsioli have observed a non-uniform distribution of high-energy photons in the Sun's gamma-ray emissions, with polar regions emitting more radiation than expected. This finding suggests a possible link between cosmic rays and the solar magnetic field, which could inform space weather forecasts.
Researchers have discovered a multi-planet system that provides a rare glimpse into the formation of planets around a young star. The system consists of six confirmed planets and potentially a seventh, all forming under similar conditions at an age of just 700 million years.
Researchers at PolyU developed a cooling ceramic with a hierarchically porous structure, inspired by the whitest beetle, to achieve high solar reflectivity and efficient light scattering. This innovation has potential energy-saving applications and is the first study on the Leidenfrost effect in passive radiative cooling materials.
A new relationship between the Sun's magnetic field and its sunspot cycle has been discovered, enabling scientists to predict when the peak in solar activity will occur. The analysis indicates that the maximum intensity of solar cycle 25 is imminent and likely to occur within a year.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have developed a passive radiative cooling material that achieves high-performance optical properties. The cooling ceramic reduces thermal load, provides stable cooling performance, and can be used in various building applications.
Researchers investigate the interaction between solar wind and the Moon's surface, exploring the formation of lunar swirls and the influence of magnetic fields. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research in understanding the Moon's space environment.
A six-year study of a satellite found that low-cost solar panels can withstand harsh space conditions and generate power, opening the door to large-scale solar farms in orbit. The technology has been developed by researchers at the Universities of Surrey and Swansea.
Researchers examine the complex interactions between solar wind and the Moon's surface environment, including small-scale magnetic fields, lunar swirls, and regolith layer dynamics. The study highlights the need for further in-situ observations to understand these processes and their implications for human activities on the Moon.
Researchers have identified a massive solar storm 14,300 years ago in ancient tree rings, which could be catastrophic for modern technological society. The study warns of the importance of understanding such storms to protect global communications and energy infrastructure.
Researchers detected a high-energy particle event on the surfaces of Earth, Moon, and Mars, marking the first Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) on three planetary bodies. The study found that future humans may face significant radiation risks during approximately one out of every five Solar Energetic Particle events.
High-energy electrons from Earth's plasma sheet contribute to weathering processes on the Moon's surface, aiding in the formation of water. The discovery may help explain the origin of lunar water ice and provide insights into the Moon's evolution.
Researchers propose standardized criteria for radiative cooling performance evaluation to improve reliability and comparability. The technology uses the sky as a heat sink to achieve cooling below ambient temperatures.
A new study investigates whether artificially dimming the sun could prevent the melting of West Antarctic ice sheets. The results show that artificial influence does not work without decarbonization and entails high risks, highlighting the importance of rapid climate mitigation measures.
The Fengyun-4A satellite in collaboration with a machine learning model generated a detailed PV resource map for China, providing new insights into the country's solar energy potential. This advancement sets a new standard for solar resource mapping, empowering decision-makers to make informed choices for a sustainable future.
The 2023 International Venus Observation Campaign aims to characterize the planet's atmosphere near the cloud-top level from three locations in the solar system. Key findings include the discovery of unknown UV absorbers in the upper clouds, which will be studied using data from JAXA's Akatsuki orbiter and ground-based telescopes.
High-energy electrons pose significant radiation damage to satellites; a new study sets benchmark levels for extreme space weather events. Satellite operators must prepare against these risks as the global space economy relies on over 5,465 operational satellites.
A new study found that the 2022 snow season had the highest snowpack dust concentrations of any year since observations began in 2009, accelerating snowmelt by 17 days. The dry lakebed of the Great Salt Lake contributed the highest dust emissions per surface area, threatening Utah's water supply.
Researchers found that tightly curled scalp hair provided the best protection from the sun's radiative heat while minimizing sweat. This adaptation enabled human brains to grow to modern-day sizes without conserving water through sweating.
Researchers developed smart windows that dynamically regulate solar radiation, providing effective heat management and energy savings. The windows selectively block solar radiation and adjust room temperatures according to applied voltage or ambient temperature.
Researchers found that benzene and toluene emitted by ocean plankton contribute significantly to aerosol production, increasing organic aerosols by up to 80% in the Southern Ocean. This biological origin of these gases is a significant factor in cloud formation and climate accuracy.
Researchers developed a 'space skin' that can reduce operating temperatures of space-qualified structures from 120°C to 60°C. The nano-coating, called MFNS, also enables the harvest of energy for later use.
Wynne's work identifies key questions and answers needed to study Martian caves, which could hold secrets of life and provide insights into Earth's formation. Caves may also serve as radiation shielding for astronaut habitats on the Moon and Mars.
Researchers developed an intelligent FLC designer to create stable solar sail attitude control without a priori knowledge or excessive manual workload. The IFLCD uses neural network modelling and automatic design method to solve the black-box and time-varying control problem, making it suitable for unmanned and complicated systems.
A University of Queensland study analyzed tree ring data to understand cosmic radiation 'storms', known as Miyake Events. The research suggests that these events are not correlated with sunspot activity and may be a kind of astrophysical 'storm' or outburst.
Astronomers found that a planet like GJ 1252b, orbiting an M dwarf star, would likely lose its atmosphere due to intense heat and radiation. The discovery narrows the search for habitable planets around these stars, but leaves room for possibilities further away from the star.
Researchers have discovered a new abiotic pathway for the formation of oxygen molecules, using sulphur dioxide as a precursor. This process can explain the presence of oxygen in the atmospheres of several Jupiter's moons, including Io, Europa and Ganymede, where biological life is absent.