Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Patients from American Indian and Black communities are less likely to have elevated CA-125 levels at diagnosis, suggesting current thresholds may miss diverse patients. Inclusive diagnostic guidelines are needed to address disparities in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A multicenter cohort study found that higher adherence to annual lung cancer screening was associated with increased overall and early-stage lung cancer detection rates. However, adherence decreased over time, suggesting it is a critical quality metric for lung cancer screening.
This cohort study found that geographic access to cancer care is associated with guideline-recommended treatment for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer. Socially marginalized patients benefited from improved treatment outcomes and prognosis when accessing care in their local area.
A recent cohort study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that statin use was associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. This suggests that statins may play a role in preventing the progression of liver disease and reducing the risk of liver cancer.
A longitudinal observational cohort study found that gender-affirming hormone therapy was associated with lower rates of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. The study highlights the importance of gender-affirming primary care models for transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse patients.
Research proposes a new methodology for dynamically optimizing solar panel positioning based on the light needs of crops. Advanced ray tracing techniques are used to evaluate the distribution of solar radiation, enabling the automation of design optimization of agrivoltaic systems.
A study from the University of Gothenburg found that young teenagers in Sweden reported higher depressive symptoms over two decades, with a greater proportion of adolescents feeling extremely well. Those who are struggling report feeling significantly worse, with increased self-deprecation among young women.
A study found that RSV hospitalization rates increase progressively with age among older adults in Spain, with those over 85 years old facing the highest risk. Certain chronic conditions, such as blood cancer, COPD, and cardiovascular disease, also significantly increase the risk of hospitalization.
A new Northwestern Medicine study reveals that young adults experiencing food insecurity have a 41% greater risk of developing heart disease in midlife. Food insecurity affects one in eight households in the US, and addressing it early may help reduce the burden of heart disease later.
A prospective cohort study found a significant association between food insecurity and incident cardiovascular disease in both Black and White US individuals. Food insecurity was also shown to be an important social deprivation measure for assessing CVD risk, highlighting its potential as a key factor in clinical assessment.
A cohort study found that healthier diets and lower waist-to-hip ratios were associated with improved brain connectivity and memory in older adults. The study suggests that interventions targeting diet and central obesity may be most effective between ages 48 and 70 to promote better cognitive health.
A new study led by researchers at UCL has found that online brain speed tests can provide valuable insights into cognitive function and potentially shed light on dementia development. The tests, which measure reaction times, were designed to be easy and convenient for women in their 40s and older to participate from home.
A cohort study found that consuming more butter was associated with higher mortality rates, whereas increasing consumption of plant-based oils was linked to lower mortality. Substituting butter with plant-based oils may provide substantial benefits in preventing premature deaths.
This cohort study found persistent inadequate sleep duration and late sleep onset linked to increased glycemic variability in adults. The study emphasizes the importance of considering both sleep duration and timing for optimizing glycemic control.
The European Genome-phenome Archive has released the largest ever DNA sequencing dataset on UK child development studies, containing high-resolution data from over 37,000 children and parents. This comprehensive resource can be used to investigate genetic variation's impact on neurodevelopmental conditions and childhood obesity.
A cohort study found no significant association between preoperative GLP-1 RA use and short-term postoperative aspiration pneumonia. The study suggests reassessing preoperative withholding guidelines for GLP-1 RAs. Researchers hope this finding can help alleviate growing concerns about adverse effects of these medications after surgery.
Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark found that tattooed individuals are more frequently diagnosed with skin and lymphoma cancers compared to those without tattoos. The study suggests that chronic inflammation in the lymph nodes triggered by tattoo ink may lead to abnormal cell growth and an increased risk of cancer.
A cohort study of 46,000 US residents found nearly two-thirds had suboptimal 5-year sleep duration trajectories, associated with increased risk of mortality. Maintaining healthy sleep duration is crucial for reducing mortality risk in this population.
A new study of 2,900 patients with lupus pericarditis found that using corticosteroids increases the risk of recurring pericarditis. The study suggests minimizing corticosteroid use and exploring alternative treatments to reduce recurrence rates.
Research on treating moderate aortic valve dysfunction during rheumatic mitral valve surgery shows concomitant aortic valve surgery may improve echocardiographic outcomes. The study suggests delaying aortic valve surgery may be a viable option for patients with moderate predominant aortic regurgitation.
A cohort study found that telemedicine adoption was associated with modestly lower use of 7 out of 20 examined low-value tests, while having no effect on other tests. The results suggest potential benefits of telemedicine and mitigate concerns about increased spending.
A cohort study found no increase in sudden cardiac arrest/sudden cardiac death among young competitive athletes in the US, contradicting reports that linked COVID-19 infection and vaccination to the risk. The study suggests that many athlete cases shown in social media videos occurred before the pandemic, not due to COVID-19.
A cohort study found that patients with obesity undergoing joint replacement who experienced significant weight loss after initiating anti-obesity medications had a lower risk of 5-year and 10-year revision. This suggests that safe and sustainable weight loss may improve implant survivorship in obese patients.
A retrospective cohort study from the University of Ottawa and Manitoba found Canadians with hypertension whose preferred language was spoken by their doctor were 36% less likely to have a major adverse cardiovascular event. Patients with language-accessible care had a 28% lower risk of death compared to those without such access.
Researchers found significant disparities in behavioral flag incidence among racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients. Black or African American patients younger than 8 years were disproportionately affected.
A recent study has identified that the neuronal subtype responds best to immunotherapy, while other subtypes exhibit lower response rates. The researchers developed a machine-learning algorithm using large public data sets to predict treatment response based on tumor mutational burden and immune cell infiltration.
A new study from the University of Texas at Arlington found that Americans aged 65 and older who experienced parental divorce as children were more likely to suffer a stroke compared to their peers. The study analyzed data from over 13,000 older Americans and found that about 14% had experienced parental divorce during childhood.
A Finnish cohort study found that higher physical activity and lower screen time in childhood are associated with reduced perceived stress and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity and reducing screen time to support mental health in youth.
Researchers identified two new patterns in childhood BMI development, differing from the traditional 'Type 1' trajectory. Type 2 and Type 3 trajectories have distinct profiles, with Type 2 showing a steeper rise and fall before and after infancy peak, while Type 3 has more irregular peaks and troughs.
A cohort study found ADHD symptoms among US youths increased risk of nicotine and tobacco use. Early ADHD diagnosis and effective treatment may help alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of nicotine and tobacco use.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care practices in the US experienced declining access to care, while average practice capabilities improved. Integrated practice ownership and accountable care organization participation were associated with better access and capability scores.
Residents of Ontario with cannabis use disorder had a significantly higher risk of death compared to the general population. The findings highlight the importance of addressing cannabis use disorders, especially as global trends toward cannabis legalization continue.
Research found that long-term exposure to air pollutants like PM2.5, NO2, and ozone increases hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in adults, particularly among men and people over 65. The study used a large cohort of adults from Catalonia and found stronger associations in these vulnerable groups.
A global study published in JACC found that secondary prevention medications for cardiovascular diseases are underused worldwide, with little improvement over time. Medication use varied by country income level, with lower rates in low-income countries.
A cohort study reveals a robust association between headache diagnoses and suicidal behavior, highlighting the importance of behavioral health evaluation and treatment for these patients. The findings suggest that patients with headache diagnoses should be screened for suicidal ideation and provided with appropriate support.
Researchers identified inequities related to race and rurality in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and adverse outcomes. Structural racism and disinvestment in rural communities may be linked to individual HAI risk and post-HAI outcomes.
A cohort study of Canadian children found that high ultraprocessed food consumption during early childhood is associated with obesity development, particularly in males. The study suggests that targeted public health initiatives can help reduce ultraprocessed food intake and prevent obesity.
A cohort study found that patients without type 2 diabetes had higher discontinuation rates and lower reinitiation rates of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Inequities in access and adherence to effective treatments exacerbate disparities in obesity.
The study found a significant decrease in antidepressant use during pregnancy without an accompanying increase in psychotherapy. This suggests that pregnant women with depression or anxiety may be able to effectively manage their symptoms with medication alone.
A recent study by Ritsumeikan University researchers analyzed the durability of flexible perovskite solar cells under damp heat conditions. The findings revealed that high humidity leads to degradation, while a high-quality barrier film retained most power conversion efficiency, making it crucial for long-term stability.
A cohort study from JAMA Network Open reveals an association between temperature exposure and increased psychiatric symptoms among adolescents in the Netherlands and Spain. The findings suggest a possible link between climate change and mental health, warranting further research across diverse climates.
A cohort study found COVID-19 to be associated with more severe disease outcomes compared to influenza and RSV during the 2022-2023 season. Vaccination attenuated these differences in severity and long-term mortality rates.
A significant increase in firearm-related hospital admissions was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 34% rise reported between 2020 and 2021. This surge had a disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations, including children, Medicaid patients, and Black individuals.
A cohort study found city-level sugar-sweetened beverage taxes associated with reduced mean body mass index (BMI) among adults. These associations were seen in demographic subgroups, including young adults who consumed the most SSBs.
A cohort study found that women experiencing food insecurity during pregnancy are at a higher risk of perinatal complications. Individuals who received food assistance showed no significant increase in risks, suggesting that access to nutrition support can mitigate these complications.
A new study aims to characterize the human virome, exploring its role in health and disease. The project will investigate nonpathogenic viruses and their potential impact on human phenotypes over time. Researchers hope to discover novel biomarkers for health and disease, as well as new therapeutic approaches.
A retrospective cohort study of 44,000 individuals found associations between baseline fasting glucose levels, age, sex, and body mass index with the development of diabetes. The study highlights individual variation in diabetes risk according to commonly measured clinical variables, suggesting potential for targeted interventions.
Research led by University of Arizona researchers found that PTSD and anxiety are associated with lower levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, among women firefighters. The study suggests that mental health conditions can have a negative impact on reproductive health.
Researchers found that individuals with childhood epilepsy have an increased accumulation of brain amyloid later in life, which may lead to late-onset brain amyloid disorders like Alzheimer's disease. The study also showed that these individuals performed worse in cognitive tests compared to controls.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that females aged 40-55 years have the highest risk of developing long COVID, with a 31% higher associated risk compared to males. The research, part of the NIH RECOVER initiative, suggests that patients and healthcare teams should consider sex differences when treating long COVID.
A cohort study found that insurance plan type and structure play a crucial role in determining access to semaglutide for adults with obesity. The findings suggest that targeted interventions at the insurance level could improve equity in obesity treatment access.
A recent study found that effective pediatric obesity treatment is associated with lower incidences of mortality in young adulthood. The treatment was also linked to reduced long-term morbidity, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
A cohort study found that individuals with higher radon exposure are at a greater risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy. The study suggests a potential link between radon exposure and metabolic health in nulliparous pregnant women.
A nationwide cohort study in Korea found that postdiagnosis weight gain is associated with an increased risk of heart failure after breast cancer development. Effective weight intervention can protect cardiovascular health, particularly within the first few years after diagnosis.
A recent study found that childhood maltreatment is associated with specific epigenetic patterns in sperm, which may mediate effects on offspring brain development. The study also reveals changes in sperm DNA methylation and small non-coding RNA molecules in men with high levels of maltreatment.
Researchers will expand on data gathered since 2008, uncovering insights into biologic, genetic, behavioral, environmental and social factors influencing Hispanic/Latino health. The study aims to inform targeted precision prevention and medical care in cardiovascular diseases and other conditions.
A new study has found that rates of chlamydia and syphilis plummet among people prescribed doxycycline for STI prevention in routine clinical care. The study used pharmacy data to determine which HIV PrEP users filled prescriptions for doxyPEP, with 2,253 people receiving the medication within its first year of availability.
A longitudinal cohort study reveals that early-life infection burden may continue throughout childhood, increasing the risk of future infections and antibiotics use. The findings suggest that high infection burdens in early life are independently associated with later antibiotic treatments.
A new study by UT Health San Antonio found that a smartphone app can help patients with opioid use disorder reduce their days of opioid use and stay in treatment longer. The app combined contingency management behavioral therapy and recovery support from peers, reducing opioid use by 35% compared to medication only.
A cohort study found a decrease in localized invasive breast cancer and regional invasive breast cancer since the 2009 guideline changes, but no decrease in advanced cancer stages. Further research is needed to understand these trends.