Articles tagged with Open Access
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Penn State have released open-access satellite data to track seasonal population movements in Niger and Nigeria. This data can be used to address research questions in fields ranging from agriculture to epidemiology, particularly for infectious diseases and public health interventions.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that unfamiliar words in hyperlinks slow down reading speed, but color choice has no significant effect. Readers tend to dwell longer on linked words and re-read sentences if the hyperlink word is uncommon.
The NCCR MARVEL/CECAM team has been awarded the EPFL Open Science Fund to develop open software services for classrooms and research. The team will create an online hub with simulation and data-analysis tools that can be easily used by researchers and students.
Scientists discover a new family of fungi that threatens the UNESCO-listed Old Cathedral of Coimbra in Portugal. The fungus, Aeminiaceae fam. nov., has been found to cause severe biodeterioration and is considered an endemic species to Iberian Peninsula limestone quarries.
The inaugural issue of Advanced Photonics showcases significant research across optics and photonics technologies, including light-sheet microscopy and deep learning for digital holography. The journal aims to provide a trusted source of groundbreaking research in optics and optical technologies.
Czech researchers used 360-degree headshots to assess fighters' perceived fighting ability. Despite this, ratings were not linked to actual MMA score or physical characteristics. However, heavier fighters with higher anaerobic performance were judged as more successful based on their facial features.
Researchers found that patients with more long-term conditions were more likely to miss appointments and had a higher risk of mortality. Patients with mental-health-based LTCs were associated with a higher risk of missing appointments than physical LTCs.
Scientists have discovered a new treefrog species in Ecuador's Andes, characterized by an extraordinary enlarged claw-like structure. The species, Hyloscirtus hillisi, is already at risk of extinction due to its small distribution range near a large-scale mining operation and habitat destruction.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that people perceive subtle differences in eye blinks during conversations, affecting response lengths and indicating a joint activity between speakers and listeners. The research suggests that even small movements like blinking can serve as nonverbal communication.
Researchers at UC Berkeley created accurate 3D-printed miniature models to reconstruct Pumapunku building in Tiwanaku site, shedding light on its purpose and alignment. The study provides clues about the site's layout and potential connections to Incan beliefs.
A recent study found that poverty and obesity are connected, with a significant increase in obesity rates among low-income households since the early 1990s. The correlation between household income and obesity rate has grown steadily over time, with the poorest counties experiencing the largest increases.
Researchers analyzed 330 Game of Thrones characters and found that switching allegiance increases survival rates. The risk of death was higher for low-born characters compared to high-born ones.
Young aphids use this behavior to quickly return to a safe host plant after escaping from grazing animals. This helps them increase their chances of survival in hostile environments.
The new journal explores the unbreakable bond between people and plants, highlighting its impact on societies, cultures, and ecosystems. It aims to publish emerging plant science with societal relevance, covering six themes: plant conservation, genomics applications, diversity, global change, natural assets, and their interconnections.
Research found that tree frogs prefer larger, fuller bromeliad tanks with less leaf litter, but the very largest tanks are often empty. The study suggests that conservation strategies should consider trade-offs in site selection.
A new machine learning algorithm assesses over 150,000 plant species worldwide, predicting more than 10% as highly likely to qualify for at-risk IUCN classification. The model flags regions with high native biodiversity and endemic species as areas of concern.
Researchers found that frequent sauna users had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular death compared to infrequent users. The study, which followed over 1,600 participants for 15 years, also found that longer sauna sessions were associated with lower mortality rates.
Research reveals unexpectedly low condom use rates among Western Australian sex workers, with only 33% of female sex workers reporting consistent condom use during oral sex. The authors recommend decriminalization, increased sexual health education, and peer support opportunities to address this issue.
Priming individuals with superhero images, such as Superman, increases their likelihood of engaging in prosocial behaviors. However, the study found no direct effect on perceptions of meaning in life. The research used both self-reported and actual helping behavior experiments to explore this phenomenon.
A new brain-computer interface (BCI) enables people with paralysis to directly operate an off-the-shelf tablet device by thinking about making cursor movements and clicks. The participants were able to navigate through various apps, browse music selections, search for videos on YouTube, and compose emails and chats with high accuracy.
Recent studies suggest that biomedical research is becoming more transparent and reproducible, with a significant increase in data sharing and funding disclosure. However, the authors argue that there is still much to be done to improve research practices, particularly in terms of protocol sharing.
Researchers have discovered a way to make paper supercapacitors that can bend, fold, flex and still hold electricity. These new supercapacitors have vast potential applications, including medical implants, wearable tech, and novel energy storage solutions.
A newly described tomato relative, Solanum kollastrum, boasts long thorns and sticky stems, but surprisingly starts as a beneficial species in its ecosystem. It's preferred by medium- to large-sized bees and has fruits that are eaten by bats.
Research reveals that female birds-of-paradise evaluate not only physical attractiveness but also singing and dancing abilities when choosing a mate. The study found correlations between behaviors, such as increased colors and sounds in more elaborate displays.
A survey reveals that music is a widely used sleep aid, with 62% of respondents employing it to enhance their sleep experiences. The study found multiple pathways through which music helps, including auditory masking and mental distraction, offering new insights into the complex motivations driving people to use music as a sleep aid.
Scientists have recorded the first cave-dwelling centipede from southern China, a species that had been hiding away from biologists. The new cavedweller, Australobius tracheoperspicuus, is tiny and has pale yellow-brownish color with no eyes.
Regularly used forest trails have fewer bird species and lower numbers of birds compared to less-used areas, even with decades of human activity. This suggests that forest birds do not habituate to trail use, highlighting the need for protected areas and adherence to stay-on-trail rules.
Goffin's cockatoos can create and manipulate novel tools to reach food rewards. They adjust the length of their cardboard tools to account for varying distances, making longer tools as a risk-avoidance strategy.
A novel technique uses 3D analysis to study bone wear patterns, providing controlled experimental protocol for archeological investigations. The study sheds light on the manufacturing and use of early human tools, revealing that duration of use is the largest determinant affecting surface wear.
A new study examines geographic disparities in death due to traumatic brain injury among US veterans, finding higher mortality rates for those living in the US territories. The researchers highlight concerns about potential differences in healthcare quality between the US mainland and US territories.
A new study published in Nature journal Scientific Data highlights the role of citizen scientists in tracking the spread of invasive species. The UK Ladybird Survey mapped 48,510 observations of the harlequin ladybird over a decade, showing its rapid spread across England and Wales.
A study asked top German cyclists and field athletes to rate the effectiveness of various anti-doping methods. The athletes identified improved detection and diagnostics, increased bans for offenders, as key strategies. Increased fines and leniency programs were ranked lower in effectiveness.
A new study exploring the tradeoff between masculine and feminine leadership traits reveals that women internalize a stereotypically masculine view of leadership. The research, published in Frontiers in Psychology, suggests that women may feel disadvantaged compared to male leaders if they adopt traditionally feminine styles.
Researchers found that frequent media multitaskers were more likely to rate an interviewee as less conscientious when in a messy room, regardless of the video subject's environment. Media multitasking affects how people perceive their surroundings and form impressions of others.
A systematic review of indoor tanning legislation found poor compliance with risk-reducing measures, including parental consent restrictions, protective eyewear, and warning labels. The study suggests that increased enforcement and better communication are needed to protect public health.
Riffyn has launched Open Access, offering a full-featured Riffyn SDE account to non-profit members. This provides the capability to transform scientific work, increasing reproducibility and reusability of experiments.
A study found that city-dwelling blue tits lay larger eggs than forest-dwelling birds, likely due to the urban environment's higher calcium availability. The researchers also observed a trade-off between egg size and clutch number, with urban birds producing fewer but larger eggs.
A new drywood termite species has been discovered in Cameroon with snapping stick-like mandibles that deliver powerful strikes at enemies. The species, named Roisinitermes ebogoensis, challenges existing knowledge on the evolution of such defense mechanisms.
A team of researchers observed an adult male praying mantis catching and devouring guppies in a pond in Karnataka, India. The insect returned five days in a row, catching a total of nine fish with impressive learning abilities.
Researchers found employees with a criminal record stayed in their sales or customer service roles on average 19 days longer than those without. They also discovered that some employers may benefit from hiring workers with a record, as these individuals can provide valuable labor for less cost.
Researchers observed 'antennal grabbing' behavior in three different cuckoo bee species in the genus Nomada, where males transfer pheromones during copulation. This phenomenon has been documented for the first time in this genus, shedding new light on the courtship and mating behaviors of these kleptoparasitic bees.
Research suggests that moderate drinking within recommended guidelines may have a cardioprotective effect, but unstable patterns over time increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Consistency is key, and lifestyle changes, such as retirement, may also play a role in differing risks.
A study of 35,132 individuals found that unstable drinking patterns over time may increase heart disease risk, while consistent moderate drinking within recommended guidelines may have a cardioprotective effect. Consistency in drinking behavior is crucial for reaping the benefits.
A video-based behavioral ethics curriculum called Ethics Unwrapped has been shown to increase student understanding of ethics and human behavior. The program, which uses open-access videos, improves comprehension of complex moral concepts such as conflict of interest and relativism.
A study using online citizen scientist observations and museum specimens predicts updated distribution ranges for the Northern black widow and Black purse-web spider. The models suggest that the purse-web spider's range may have shifted, while the black widow's range may have increased over time.
A novel lichen-patterned spider species, Araneus bonali, has been found on oak trunks in central Spain. The species' remarkable mimicry with lichens allows it to blend into its surroundings, raising questions about its behavior and habitat.
Researchers found that naked mole-rat breeders have changed aging rates, living longer than non-breeders due to higher resistance to muscle loss during aging. The study suggests that genetic mechanisms underlying social suppression of sexual maturation may contribute to their exceptional lifespan.
A study published in BMC Zoology found that ant soldiers have smaller brain sizes than workers despite being larger, as their tasks place less cognitive demand. This suggests that investment in brain development may be reduced for individuals with simpler behaviors.
A new study published in Heliyon found that elite snatch style weightlifters have stronger knee joints and more elastic energy, allowing for faster and more efficient lifting. Coaches can use this knowledge to improve training methods and help sub-elite lifters reach their full potential.
A study of 12,372 students across seven European countries found that excessive social media use is linked to higher rates of cyberbullying. The researchers suggest that digital literacy and internet safety strategies may contribute to lower rates of cyberbullying.
A new grass species, P. laegaardiana, has been described after 28 years of collection, raising concerns about its survival due to habitat loss and agricultural use. Further studies are needed to search for the species in different locations.
Researchers found that elderly people who feel younger than their age show fewer signs of brain aging and have increased gray matter volume in key brain regions. This suggests that caring for brain health may be important for those who feel older than their age.
The new journal publishes cutting-edge research on forest science disciplines, including ecophysiology, atmosphere, fire, and growth, to inform sustainable forest management. It aims to place forests at the forefront of global attention and provide a centralized source of high-quality research.
A new species of sheet-web-building spider, Islandiana lewisi, has been discovered in a southern Indiana cave. The tiny spider is thought to feed on small arthropods and is the fifth known species to live exclusively in caves.
Rockfalls from iconic landmarks like Half Dome and El Capitan pose a significant risk to park visitors. A new study uses rapid 3D analysis to pinpoint rockfall locations, dimensions, and volumes, enabling more accurate assessments and quicker decision-making for park managers.
The journal features two rare species, Poa laegaardiana and Sindora stipitata, and an extensive taxonomic review of genus Ceratozamia. PhytoKeys has accelerated research in botany with its innovative publishing workflow and open access platform.
The ZPID Twin Conference brought together over 150 participants to discuss Big Data in Psychology and Research Synthesis. Keynote speakers highlighted the importance of psychology's theoretical strength in addressing big data challenges, while also emphasizing the need for innovative methods and tools for research synthesis.
Investigational medicines became available to terminally ill patients through expanded access programs, allowing for the assessment of drug timing and duration. The study aimed to better understand this process and its implications for patient care.
The project aims to add hundreds of thousands of figures and taxonomic treatments to the Biodiversity Literature Repository (BLR), a joint venture of Plazi and Pensoft. The BLR is an open science community platform that makes biodiversity data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.
A large Korean study found that sleeping fewer than six hours a day is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and its components, including higher waist circumference and triglycerides. The study also showed a potential gender difference, with long sleep linked to metabolic syndrome in women and short sleep in men.