Articles tagged with Vaccine Research
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Researchers propose using genomic data and mathematical modelling to design vaccines for the specific geographic location where they will be used. This approach aims to minimize rates of pneumococcal disease, a serious infection that can cause pneumonia, sepsis, and bacterial meningitis.
A California law eliminating nonmedical exemptions increased vaccination rates and restored 'herd immunity,' preventing outbreaks. The study found a 3.3% increase in MMR coverage and a 4.3% increase in overall vaccination coverage, while nonmedical exemptions decreased by 2.4%.
Researchers found that a plant-based compound called halofuginone improves the immune response to a potential dengue vaccine in mice, producing twice as many antibodies and binding more strongly. The compound mimics amino acid starvation, activating a pathway that results in better antibodies.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have discovered that only 17% of badgers disperse from their home territories, with females traveling long distances in search of new habitats. Understanding this behavior is crucial for implementing effective vaccination programs to limit TB transmission.
Researchers examined over 500 vaccine-related ads on Facebook and found that a small group of anti-vaccine ad buyers targeted specific audiences, while pro-vaccination ads were often rejected due to Facebook's policies. The study highlights the need for social media platforms to balance free speech with public health concerns.
Researchers detected oral HPV DNA in 6.2% of teen and young adult female participants, with detection decreasing over time since becoming sexually active. The study suggests that the HPV vaccine is less effective against certain types of oral HPV in vaccinated individuals compared to those who are fully unvaccinated.
Researchers found that oral antibiotics can alter human immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination, potentially hindering protection against infection. Antibiotics also promoted pro-inflammatory states in the body, similar to conditions seen in older adults who have received influenza vaccines.
A University of Minnesota researcher has been awarded a $3.9 million NIH grant to develop novel vaccine strategies for cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common infection causing birth defects and disabilities in US babies. The research aims to prevent congenital transmission of CMV by targeting pregnant women.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that individuals' vaccination attitudes are shaped by their proximity to a disease outbreak, particularly for those who distrust government medical experts. On the other hand, people with high levels of trust in government experts are not affected by disease proximity.
A new study published in Papillomavirus Research found that one dose of HPV vaccine lowers the chance of having a pre-cancerous lesion detected at cervical screening in women vaccinated at a young age. The data supports the possibility that one dose may be sufficient for protection, simplifying vaccination and potentially benefiting co...
A new shingles vaccine has been shown to effectively prevent outbreaks of the painful rash among patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation. The study found that the vaccine reduced the incidence of shingles by 68% and related complications, offering promise for patients with immune-compromising conditions.
Researchers at Drexel University found that combining HPV vaccination with condom use reduces HPV cases among young gay men. Vaccination was effective in preventing oral infections, while condoms were more effective against anal transmissions.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that exposing people to the pain and suffering caused by vaccine-preventable diseases can increase support for vaccinations. Nearly 70% of students who interviewed someone with a vaccine-preventable disease moved from hesitant to pro-vaccine attitudes.
Studies show that specific rabbit genes contribute to acquired resistance to the myxoma virus, while co-evolutionary forces drive parallel adaptation between viruses and hosts. The research demonstrates how genetic variations can lead to changes in virus pathogenicity.
Researchers from University of Barcelona analyzed Hepatitis A virus variants that can escape the effects of the vaccine. They recommend giving two doses and additional booster shots to prevent the emergence of these variants.
A recent study by FSU researchers found significant racial disparities in flu vaccine rates among adolescents. Black teens received significantly lower vaccination rates than their white and Hispanic peers. The researchers suggest targeted interventions to improve vaccination rates and reduce disparities.
Scientists identify nine new potential vaccine candidates and six new proteins that could be effective targets for new antimicrobials to combat drug-resistant gonorrhea. The study represents a key step toward developing new weapons against the ever-evolving pathogen.
Researchers in Belgium have identified an additional inoculation source for lambic beer production, the wooden casks or foeders. The microbial compositions of these surfaces differed statistically based on barrel cleaning procedures and type, reflecting different characteristics of lambic barrels.
A study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found a significant drop in public confidence in vaccines after the Philippines' Dengvaxia crisis. In 2015, 93% of respondents strongly agreed that vaccines are important, but this dropped to 32% in 2018.
Researchers found vaccination rates dropped significantly throughout the day at primary care clinics from 44% to 32%. Implementing a nudge in electronic health records increased flu vaccinations by nearly 20% compared to practices with no intervention.
A recent US study found that catch-up HPV vaccination in women aged 14-20 years who receive all three doses is effective against cervical precancers. The study suggests that protection is strongest when the vaccine is initiated earlier, and further research is needed for women aged 21-26 years.
A new study examines the effect of HPV vaccine on a population level, finding a significant reduction in severe dysplasia. The vaccine has been shown to work effectively in reducing cervical cancer risk, with a 40% lower incidence rate compared to unvaccinated women.
A University of Kent-led study reveals that prophylactic mass vaccination programs are not effective in preventing new Ebolavirus outbreaks. To establish herd immunity, 80% of the population would need to be immunized, which is currently unachievable.
The Scripps Research team will expand studies on broadly neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize many strains of malaria and influenza. The grant aims to design promising vaccine candidates against these diseases, which kill millions globally each year.
A study reveals that incomplete vaccination coverage is causing a predictable increase in pertussis cases. The vaccine's effectiveness decreases over time, allowing susceptible individuals to contract the disease. Researchers recommend targeting schoolchildren for vaccination campaigns.
A Kaiser Permanente study found no association between multiple vaccines and non-vaccine targeted infections in infants. The research examined 193 children with non-vaccine targeted infections and 751 control group children, concluding that vaccination does not damage the immune system.
Researchers found that constant media coverage increased vaccinations by 79% in the Jewish population and 71% among high socio-economic subgroups. Positive media sentiments also prompted an increase in polio vaccines, while negative sentiments had no noticeable effect.
Researchers discovered a new badger behaviour where some males range widely across multiple territories, gaining access to more female badgers and potentially increasing disease transmission. This finding could help pinpoint areas of high risk for TB transmission, informing effective vaccination strategies.
A recent study in northwest Pakistan found that high insecurity increases access issues for vaccinators and vaccination rates, leading to a higher incidence of polio. Regional conflict has been cited as a barrier to polio eradication, but this study provides strong evidence supporting the claim.
A new study published in BMC Medicine found that the rotavirus vaccine has a disproportionate impact on reducing gastrointestinal disease in the UK's most deprived communities. The vaccine has been shown to decrease hospitalisations and attendances by up to 80% and 32%, respectively, among these populations.
A decade-long study on hundreds of HPV vaccine recipients found the vaccine to be safe and effective in preventing the most virulent strains of the virus. The quadrivalent vaccine was virtually 100% effective in preventing disease in young individuals.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have discovered a genetic mutation in the FluMist intranasal flu vaccine that has the potential to be altered to enhance its protective effect. The mutation reduces virus production, but reversing it makes the virus more active and induces a stronger immune response.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that pregnant women who used an interactive website monitored by a clinical expert were more likely to vaccinate their children than those without access. The study suggests websites with interactive components can complement face-to-face clinical interactions and combat misinformation.
Researchers argue that acellular vaccines' inability to prevent infections contributes to the disease's resurgence. The study highlights differences in mucosal immunity between whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines, which may have led to the increase in cases.
Researchers at George Washington University are testing a candidate recombinant hookworm vaccine in a Phase II clinical trial. The study aims to prove the efficacy of the vaccine against hookworm infection and its potential benefits for millions of people infected worldwide.
A Duke-led research team developed an investigational vaccine that added three more targets to the original RV144 human vaccine candidate. The resulting pentavalent vaccine protected over half of the vaccinated animals from simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection, demonstrating improved protection compared to the original regimen.
A new study published in the STD Journal found that a two-dose HPV vaccine provides the same level of protection against genital warts as three doses. The study, which looked at nearly 400,000 girls, confirms the CDC's updated recommendations for a two-dose vaccine schedule.
Researchers at UTHealth aim to increase HPV vaccination rates among minority youth in medically underserved areas by launching a three-year project. The initiative includes a parent-focused social marketing campaign and comprehensive school-based vaccination clinics to educate parents and adolescents about the vaccine's importance.
A study led by UC Riverside's Brandon Brown explores HPV vaccine acceptability among Peruvian men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW), finding widespread acceptance despite barriers such as access and stigma. The research aims to inform HPV vaccine implementation globally.
A new study suggests that a 'psychological vaccine' can help build tolerance to climate change misinformation, shifting opinions closer to the truth. Researchers found that pre-exposing people to small amounts of misinformation can provide resistance against subsequent exposure.
Researchers found that changing the dosing regimen of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine improved its efficacy to approximately 87%, compared to 63% with the current standard regimen. The new regimen was shown to delay infection longer and provide better protection against a second malaria-causing parasite exposure.
A national survey found that 21% of parents support HPV vaccination requirements without opt-outs, increasing to 57% when opt-outs are included. Despite the vaccine's effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer, many parents lack knowledge and are hesitant to vaccinate their children.
A new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that HPV vaccination programs can reduce cervical cell anomalies in young women. The study showed that 3-dose HPV vaccination has demonstrated early benefits against high-grade cervical abnormalities, which are more likely to progress to cervical cancer.
A new study analyzing over 4,000 news articles about the 2014-15 Disneyland measles outbreak found that articles with a clear bottom-line message were shared more than twice as much as those without. The research supports 'fuzzy trace theory,' suggesting that communications focusing on the gist will be more compelling.
A new study found that conflicting expectations between parents and medical providers about scheduling follow-up appointments is the most common reason for patients not completing the HPV vaccine series. Researchers suggest improving education and dialogue between providers and parents to increase vaccination completion rates.
Researchers tested a peptide vaccine targeting Ang II in rats, finding high levels of anti-Ang II antibodies protected against stroke-induced brain damage. The vaccine also showed potential for long-term blood pressure reduction, offering a promising therapy for hypertension and stroke prevention.
Research by University of Colorado School of Medicine faculty found that one in five pediatricians dismiss families who refuse vaccines. The study suggests that states with philosophical exemption laws and easier exemption processes have lower vaccination rates and higher rates of vaccine-preventable diseases.
Saint Louis University's Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit will study the safety and effectiveness of vaccines using omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. The research aims to understand the immune system's response to infectious diseases.
Researchers at Tulane National Primate Research Center are working on a new tuberculosis vaccine by modifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis to lose stress response gene SigmaH. Monkeys vaccinated with the modified strain showed better resistance to infection and protective immune responses in their lungs.
A new review of the literature identifies four types of people who decide not to vaccinate due to issues of complacency, convenience, confidence, and calculation. Strategies include increasing awareness about vaccine effectiveness, debunking myths, and adding incentives for calculating individuals.
Researchers from top institutions emphasize the need for high-quality science by addressing issues such as replication problems, researcher misconduct, and sensationalism. They propose solutions like rewarding quality work, mentoring peer-reviewers, and voluntary withdrawal of flawed papers.
Researchers at Queen's University found a significant reduction in cervical dysplasia and genital warts among eligible girls who received the HPV vaccine. The study of over 260,000 girls showed that one case of cervical dysplasia was prevented for every 175 eligible girls vaccinated.
A recent measles outbreak in California was likely caused by substandard vaccination compliance, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics. The study estimates that vaccination rates among exposed populations may be as low as 50 percent, highlighting the need for herd immunity.
Research at Henry Ford Hospital found that patients whose physicians recommended flu vaccination were more likely to receive it, with higher rates among white and Asian patients. The study suggests that improving communication between doctors and patients about the benefits of flu vaccination is crucial.
A study found that only 54% of nursing home employees received an influenza vaccination, despite the high susceptibility of elderly residents to the virus. Inaccurate beliefs about vaccination and influenza among staff also contributed to low vaccination rates.
Only about half of teenage girls receive the HPV vaccine at the recommended age of 11-12, leaving them unprotected against cervical cancer and genital warts. Researchers found that rates of HPV infection increase significantly among young people between 14-24, emphasizing the importance of early vaccination.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal has found that HPV vaccination does not lead to increased risky sexual behavior in young girls. The study followed 260,493 girls and found no significant increase in pregnancies or sexually transmitted infections among those who received the vaccine.
Researchers highlight gaps in vaccination due to skepticism about childhood vaccines and international travel bringing measles into the country. Experts call for accessible vaccination and research on addressing public concerns about vaccine safety.
Researchers estimate that vaccinating babies against meningitis B disease could reduce cases by 26% in the first five years. The maximum reduction would be achieved by combining infant vaccination with an adolescent vaccination at 13-years-old.
A survey of 1,000 incoming Grand Valley State University students found that moral or religious beliefs were the primary obstacle to receiving the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The study, led by graduate physician assistant researchers, aimed to understand the influence of media on HPV and vaccine compliance.