Articles tagged with Vaccine Research
A new study from Karolinska Institutet finds that two vaccine doses increase antibody levels in the airways after COVID-19, while a second dose after recovery also boosts levels. The results highlight the importance of completing vaccination with a second dose to achieve optimal immune responses and reduce transmission.
Researchers quantified COVID-19 vaccine uptake disparities by race and ethnicity within US states, revealing substantial coverage gaps among older adults. The study's findings underscore the need for targeted vaccination strategies to address these disparities.
The study shows that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is substantial in adolescents, with a 93% decrease in symptomatic cases and a 90% decrease in documented infections after the second dose. Vaccine effectiveness was lower but still significant before the second dose.
Researchers at West Virginia University discovered a significant relationship between Christian nationalism and vaccine hesitancy, citing a national sample of 2,000 U.S. adults. They found that individuals embracing this ideology are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and express skepticism towards science.
Researchers found that vaccinating more people with a single dose can be beneficial when the vaccine waning rate is low, slowing the spread of the virus. The 'prime first' strategy prioritizes speed over double doses under supply constraints, offering an alternative to traditional vaccination protocols.
A new study found that infants with high levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against their mother's strain of HIV are less likely to get infected through breastfeeding. The study also showed that ADCC is more effective than neutralizing antibodies in protecting infants against HIV transmission and improving outcomes.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that receiving a mix-and-match COVID-19 vaccine schedule reduced the risk of infection by up to 79%. The study, published in The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, showed greater risk reduction for people who received an mRNA vaccine after having received a first dose of a vector-based vaccine.
Patients with multiple myeloma often mount a poor antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines and have a weak T cell response, underscoring the need for booster vaccination and safety precautions. Researchers found that these patients are at high risk of severe COVID-19 infection.
A new study found a significant increase in adverse outcomes for COVID-19 positive pregnant women, including gestational diabetes, low white blood cell counts, and heavier bleeding during delivery. Respiratory complications were also witnessed in their babies, highlighting the importance of vaccinating all pregnant women against COVID-19.
Researchers found that asymptomatic patients may not produce significant IgG antibodies, but rather a different kind of antibody count that can indicate disease severity. The study suggests using the ratio of these two counts as a marker to determine if a person has had COVID-19.
A Michigan-based study found a dramatic drop in vaccinations across the lifespan during the early pandemic, but a recent rebound has been noted. The researchers emphasize the importance of continued vaccinations to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases like measles.
Researchers found that mRNA COVID vaccines reduced symptomatic illness risk by 89% and 96% for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccine recipients respectively. The vaccines' effectiveness was lower in immunocompromised individuals.
Two Gladstone scientists, Leor Weinberger and Vijay Ramani, received NIH Director's Awards to fund groundbreaking research on a single-administration antiviral for COVID-19 and a molecular strategy to fight cancer. Their work has implications for treating various diseases, including cancers.
A study by University of Minnesota Medical School researchers found that fully vaccinated individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection have a stronger immune response, producing more memory B cells. This increased immune response may reduce the risk of breakthrough infections and potentially fewer doses needed for booster shots.
A new study published in The Lancet confirms that two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are 90% effective against COVID-19 hospitalizations for all variants, including delta. Effectiveness against infection declined over time but remained high against hospitalizations.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University found that individuals previously infected with COVID-19 require a second dose of the vaccine to achieve optimal protection. This is because infection after the first dose did not increase IgG antibody levels, and those infected post-vaccination had lower antibody levels than never infected individuals.
A recent study by Shilpa Madan found that the salience of choice fuels independence and makes individuals more self-interested. This can lead to a range of positive consequences, including increased tolerance for harassment and discrimination, but also negative consequences for collective action.
Researchers discovered that new mutations in the BRAF gene can lead to gliomas growing back after treatment, suggesting personalized approaches to therapy. The study also explored potential impacts of COVID-19 vaccines on menstruation.
Mathematical modeling suggests that contact-tracing apps can help achieve herd immunity by identifying individuals with greater exposure to others and targeting them for vaccination. The approach, known as 'hot-spotting,' could reduce the number of vaccine doses needed by up to half.
Dr. Laura Payne's research will explore potential links between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and menstrual cycle changes in adolescent girls. The study aims to measure levels of estradiol, progesterone, inflammation, and antibodies to determine the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on menstrual cycles.
A third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine significantly increased neutralizing antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2. The booster dose also improved the ability to inhibit variants, including Beta and Delta strains.
Researchers aim to produce enough mRNA vaccines from spinach and lettuce to rival traditional shots. They're exploring chloroplasts as a key to making plant-based mRNA vaccines that can be stored at room temperature.
Researchers investigated antibody response to Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in 117 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The study aimed to assess vaccine safety and immune response in this population. Key findings were not reported in the article.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered that B cells choose between cell fates to balance acute and memory responses. This understanding could optimize vaccines against viruses or other pathogens.
A Michigan Medicine study found that most patients with mild COVID-19 infections produce antibodies that persist and protect them from reinfection for up to six months. Nearly 90% of participants produced spike and nucleocapsid antibody responses, and all but one had persistent antibody levels at follow-up.
Scholars argue that well-done vaccine selfies can encourage others to get vaccinated and share personal stories about the effects of the vaccine. The practice can create a bandwagon effect, highlighting health, joy, and optimism and positively shaping public perception of COVID-19 vaccines.
A new study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health reveals stark racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequities in COVID-19 vaccination rates across neighborhoods in the largest US cities. High-vaccination neighborhoods were predominantly white with fewer people of color, higher incomes, and lower poverty rates.
A national study of 75,000 US adults found a near 18 percentage point increase in those willing to get vaccinated, but also a rise in skepticism among certain groups. Disparities persist in vaccine confidence, particularly among younger adults, non-Hispanic Black or multiple races, and lower socioeconomic status.
A recent study reveals significant inequities in COVID-19 vaccination rates among the nine largest US cities. The research found that racial and socioeconomic disparities contribute to these disparities.
A comprehensive study of 6.2 million patients found no serious health effects linked to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, with some early findings previously reported at CDC meetings. The Vaccine Safety Datalink's COVID-19 rapid cycle analysis will continue tracking vaccinated patients for at least 2 years.
A new study finds that HPV vaccination will significantly reduce rates of throat and mouth cancers in younger age groups, but the overall impact may not be seen until 2045. The study projects a substantial decline in oropharyngeal cancer rates among well-vaccinated individuals aged 36-45 and 46-55 between 2018 and 2045.
A new study from the University of Virginia Health System found that Moderna's vaccine produced higher antibody levels than Pfizer's, especially in older subjects. The researchers caution that measuring antibody levels does not necessarily predict vaccine effectiveness.
Researchers compared antibody responses in adults receiving Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. The study found differences in antibody responses among young and older adults. Younger recipients showed higher antibody levels after vaccination.
A large-scale UK study confirms that COVID-19 vaccines are effective in reducing severe illness and hospitalisation. The study found that people who received one or two vaccine doses had lower odds of severe disease or hospitalisation than unvaccinated individuals, with a significant reduction in long COVID cases.
A study assessing Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine safety in highly allergic individuals found a lower incidence of severe adverse reactions compared to previously reported rates. The results suggest the vaccine may be a viable option for these high-risk groups.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that a combination of seasonal vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 E and antimalarial drugs significantly reduces clinical episodes, hospital admissions, and deaths from malaria. The results show a 70% reduction in these outcomes compared to current interventions.
Researchers have identified a potential advantage of weakened SARS-CoV-2 variants as immunogens, sparking interest in their use for live-attenuated vaccines. The variants, which emerge rapidly during cell culture propagation, show resistance to subsequent infection with both the parental strain and emerging variants.
Researchers identified and contacted patients with cancer who could benefit from targeted nonelectronic communication regarding COVID-19 immunization. The study used an analytics-based approach to reach marginalized populations, highlighting the importance of targeted outreach in increasing vaccine uptake.
Researchers investigated short-term COVID-19 vaccine reactions in pregnant and lactating individuals compared to those planning pregnancy. The study found that vaccinated pregnant and lactating women experienced fewer severe adverse events than unvaccinated women.
Researchers found that some medications used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases can weaken the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination still induced an immune response in patients, but at a lower rate than in those without autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that socioeconomic privilege and political ideology play a significant role in racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rates. Counties with higher median incomes displayed lower disparities, while county-level educational disparities had a greater impact on unequal vaccination rates.
Researchers developed a protein-based COVID-19 vaccine that mimics the SARS-CoV-2 virus shape, eliciting both antibody and T cell responses. The vaccine, using polymersomes decorated with multiple copies of the receptor binding domain antigen, shows promise for longer-lasting immunity.
Researchers investigated SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response in cancer patients and healthy controls. The study found that the vaccine's antispike IgG antibody response wanes over time in patients on active anticancer treatment.
A world-first clinical trial has shown that a third dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine booster is highly effective in protecting transplant patients. The study found that 55% of participants developed antibodies against the virus after receiving the third dose, compared to just 18% in those who received a placebo.
Researchers found that a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine, especially in those with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, dramatically increased virus variant neutralising antibody responses. This additional boost increases potential protection against existing and future variants of concern.
Researchers evaluated antibody levels after Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in previously infected and uninfected individuals, finding a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobin G antibodies. The study suggests the vaccine effectively boosts immunity in those who have already been infected.
Researchers identified two proteins, HMW1 and HMW2, that stimulate protective immunity against diverse NTHi strains. Immunization with these proteins provides protection against bacterial colonization by other strains, highlighting the vaccine potential for a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae vaccine.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia warn that relaxing Covid-19 restrictions prematurely could pave the way for new vaccine-resistant virus mutations. The 'arms race' between humans and the virus continues, with rising cases providing opportunities for it to evolve into more transmissible variants.
A study investigated longitudinal serological and vaccination responses to SARS-COV-2 in dental professionals. The results showed that natural infection with SARS-COV-2 leads to persistent, neutralizing and protective serological responses in over 70% of participants.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology found that providing information on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines can significantly increase willingness to be vaccinated. The research showed that adults who received information about vaccine effectiveness scored 20% higher on a measure of willingness to be vacc...
A study by Boston University School of Medicine researchers found that Ohio's Vax-a-Million lottery-based incentive system did not increase COVID-19 vaccinations. The study suggests that state-based lotteries are of limited value in increasing vaccine uptake, and recommends targeting underlying reasons for vaccine hesitancy instead.
Researchers have identified hotspots of undervaccinated children across Montana using spatial scan analysis. The study found that parental hesitancy on vaccination is concentrated in the western part of the state, while structural or access barriers are more prevalent on the eastern side.
A recent study analyzed access to COVID-19 vaccination sites in Brooklyn, finding significant racial and ethnic disparities. The research revealed that Black and Hispanic populations faced barriers to accessing vaccination sites, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these disparities.
A new study suggests that mandating COVID-19 vaccination could decrease voluntary compliance by reducing people's desire to be vaccinated, particularly among those with low trust in public institutions. The research found increased opposition when participants were asked about legally required vaccinations, despite higher support for v...
A mathematical simulation by researchers at UNC Health Care shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions like mask-wearing and physical distancing can help prevent COVID-19 spikes as vaccines are distributed. The study found that widespread vaccine adherence and adherence to precautions can lead to a sustained decline in new cases.
A new meta-analysis of 338 studies found no evidence of increased risk of serious adverse events following routine vaccinations. The study updates previous findings on vaccine safety and supports decisions to vaccinate against various diseases.
Scientists discover that inhalable nanobodies targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in hamsters. The treatment showed impressive results, reducing infectious virus particles by a million-fold and preventing weight loss associated with severe infection.
A 2011 CIA-led vaccination campaign in Pakistan led to a significant decline in vaccination rates due to distrust and misinformation. The campaign's misleading tactics created doubt about the integrity of health workers and vaccines, resulting in lower vaccination rates among girls, particularly in districts with high levels of elector...
A large study found a slightly increased rate of vein blood clots, including cerebral venous thrombosis, after the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine. However, researchers stress that the risk is considered low and the benefits of vaccination still outweigh the risks for most age groups.
Researchers found a slightly increased rate of rare blood clots, including cerebral blood clots and venous blood clots, following AstraZeneca vaccination. The absolute risk remains low, but the vaccine has been removed from Danish and Norwegian vaccination programmes due to concerns.