Articles tagged with Economic Development
A new study by Bocconi University's Alexander Kentikelenis and colleagues finds that IMF loans' structural reforms weaken states' ability to regulate the economy. The research highlights how privatization, price deregulation, and public sector job cuts compromise state capacity, hindering sustainable growth.
Research led by The University of Tokyo Institute of Industrial Science found that China and India's rapid urbanization, especially in China, and rural development in India were major enablers of the success in achieving MDG Target 7C-Water. Economic development was also found to be imperative in expanding drinking water coverage.
The CASA program will stimulate investment in emerging agri-markets, benefiting 565,000 smallholders with increased incomes up to £80/year. The initiative also focuses on empowering women farmers and promoting sustainable farming practices.
A University of Kansas study found that noncompete clauses influence employee behavior, leading to increased productivity and reduced risk-taking. Employees under these clauses engage in behaviors such as window dressing and align their actions with employer goals.
A study by Sara Vinyals found that cultural attractions and gastronomy are critical elements in competing urban destinations. The analysis of official websites from twelve European cities revealed a significant presence of strategies focused on leisure and culture.
Thousands of migrant agricultural workers have died in Italy due to exploitation, with many facing poor working conditions, low pay, and lack of access to basic services. The doctors' call for action aims to address these issues and promote fair treatment for these vulnerable workers.
A longitudinal study by psychologists at the University of Jena found that proximity to emotionally important people is crucial for creating a strong regional identity. The research suggests that moving away from such social contacts can lead to dissatisfaction and a loss of sense of belonging.
A study by the University of Bonn shows that growing income uncertainty among private households can lead to an economic downturn. This is because households may hoard money, reducing demand and negatively impacting the economy. Government investments can stabilize the economy by making it more attractive for households to spend.
Researchers from the University of Zurich found that self-control concerns are the primary driver of demand for monthly payments among Kenyan dairy farmers. The study shows that 86% of farmers prefer to receive a large payment at the end of the month, even if it means lower prices, to overcome trust issues and set aside savings.
Russian scientists propose a new recycling method that produces liquid products from organic waste, eliminating the need for specialized plants and reducing oil consumption. The process also generates no environmental emissions, making it compatible with circular economy principles.
Researchers from Aarhus University have developed a method to map economic living conditions using high-resolution satellite data, capturing household-level information with 62% accuracy. This approach makes space-based monitoring a promising technology for effective poverty tracking and achieving the UN's sustainable development goals.
A new study from Duke University and Fudan University found that China's residential electricity consumption will increase by 9% for every degree Celsius rise in global mean surface temperature. Peak usage is projected to rise by 36%, with estimates suggesting a minimum of 72% increase, driven mainly by hotter days.
A new Human Life Indicator (HLI) has been proposed as a simpler alternative to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI), taking into account inequality-adjusted life expectancy at birth. This index produces significant changes in development rankings, with countries like Japan and Spain rising to the top.
A new study led by Ohio State University aims to build models that predict how future trade scenarios could affect the Great Lakes region's food, energy, and water supply. The research team is gathering input from farmers, state and regional policy organizations, and other stakeholders to formulate potential future scenarios.
A study from leading Dutch economists recommends increasing Dutch banks' equity capital to improve stability and solvency. By raising their equity ratios, banks can better cover future losses and manage risks efficiently.
Researchers found that businesses are implementing biodiversity offsets at a rapid rate globally, with over 10,000 examples of nature sites created specifically to compensate for industrial impacts. The study published in Nature Sustainability provides the first global dataset for assessing the effectiveness of these offsets.
Researchers analyzed the cost drop of solar photovoltaic modules over four decades, attributing it to improved conversion efficiency and government policies. The study suggests that having multiple 'knobs' to turn can lead to steady cost declines in technology.
A study by Kanazawa University found that rural tourism has a positive impact on rural communities in Japan, preserving landscapes and creating jobs for older people. However, the industry faces challenges such as small income generation and seasonality, which threaten its long-term sustainability.
Research at Michigan State University found that better biodiversity leads to more tourists visiting protected areas. A 1% increase in biodiversity results in a 0.87% increase in annual visitors. Strategic management and local community participation can enhance economic development and livelihood benefits.
A new study suggests that policymakers should consider the socioeconomic circumstances of an area when establishing early intervention initiatives. The research found a link between economic growth and cancer incidence, with poorer people having a greater likelihood of developing certain types of cancer.
A special supplement to the Journal of Political Economy honors the life and work of Nobel laureate Gary S. Becker, featuring contributions from prominent economists. The issue explores Becker's influential research on human capital, social institutions, and inequality.
A new study suggests that more equal women's opportunities and resources lead to distinct differences in preferences between men and women. The research, based on survey data from 76 countries, found a stronger differentiation in preferences in more developed and gender-equal counties.
Researchers found that replacing coal-fired powerplants with clean energy could save an estimated annual 15 million years of life in China and 11 million years of life in India. The study used state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry modeling to calculate province-specific changes in mortality and life expectancy due to power generation.
A new study presents a unified path for development and conservation, considering the needs of both people and nature. By using leading projections and aligning with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, researchers envision a world in 2050 where human well-being and nature thrive together.
A new model of polarization explains how voters strategically vote for parties to empower their preferred party, contributing to increased polarization. The model also highlights the impact of gerrymandering on polarization and suggests policy changes, such as increasing local party coordination, could help address the issue.
A new study estimates that the US is expected to suffer significant economic damage from climate change, with losses of around $50 per ton of carbon emissions. The study reveals that the US will pay approximately $250 billion annually due to its high level of CO2 emissions, outpacing other major economies like India and Saudi Arabia.
New research suggests that high- and low-income countries will struggle to achieve environmental sustainability if current economic growth patterns continue. The study argues that restructuring the economic system is key to making development compatible with ecological sustainability.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame found that historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) pay higher fees to issue tax-exempt bonds than non-HBCUs. The evidence points to racial discrimination as the cause, with HBCUs in Deep South states facing the most significant disparities.
A UC Davis study found that countries with high women's labor force participation support equal rights, while liberal Western nations endorse individualism. Former socialist states maintain patriarchal views, despite strong maternity provisions.
A study by Penn State researchers found that poor mental health days can lead to a 1.84% drop in per capita real income growth rate, resulting in $53 billion less total income each year. Investing in mental health resources may help mitigate these effects, particularly in rural counties with limited access to services.
A new study published in Science Advances has shown that a decline in religion is linked to a country's future economic prosperity. Secularisation precedes economic development, but only when accompanied by tolerance for individual rights like abortion, divorce, and homosexuality.
Researchers at University of East Anglia developed a framework for gathering and analyzing local information on city-level pollution. By targeting top polluters in cities, it's possible to reduce national emissions by 30% without devastating local economies.
A new study aims to identify drivers of antibacterial resistance in Thailand, focusing on two species of bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The researchers will investigate how farm management practices, chemical pollution, and human behaviors influence transmission of these bacteria.
The Climate Science for Service Partnership China (CSSP China) has improved understanding of climate change effects and reduced climatic risks through research collaborations with the UK. The partnership has led to advancements in seasonal forecasting, crop security, and climate services.
A study found that Arizona's Employment-Focused System, using E-verify, reduced unauthorized migration from Mexico. The researchers measured geographic migration patterns and found that communities in Mexico sending migrants to specific US destinations often came from different parts of Mexico.
A recent analysis published in Health Affairs estimates that eight million amenable deaths occurred globally in 2015, costing $6 trillion in lost economic welfare. The study highlights the need to strengthen health care systems to boost quality of care and address economic disparities.
New research reveals that global warming hits poorest regions hardest, with temperate nations like the UK being less affected than tropical countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo. The study found that as average temperatures rise to 1.5°C or 2°C, wealthy areas will experience fewer climate changes compared to poor nations.
Indigenous communities in Canada are increasingly adopting community-led renewable energy infrastructure, leading to improvements in economic and social development. The study found that small-scale renewable energy projects demonstrated positive environmental and economic outcomes, offering a blueprint for future larger projects.
The Federico-Tena World Trade Historical Database collects data on imports and exports from 140 countries between 1800 and 1938, providing a more accurate understanding of global trade history. This new platform enables researchers to compare trade trends over time and analyze the relationship between globalization and economic growth.
Researchers are working to develop commercially valuable products from plant materials, including chemicals, fuels and industrial materials. The goal is to make biobased products more cost-effective by using lignin and other plant components.
The Belt and Road Initiative's economic development corridors coincide with high environmental value areas, posing significant impacts on biodiversity. China can replicate its domestic environmental practices in the BRI to achieve a balance between economic development and sustainability.
A new study found that global carbon production from Chinese exports has slowed or reversed, as developing countries shift trade among themselves. The growth of South-South trade has more than doubled between 2004 and 2011, leading to a surge in CO2 emissions in regions like Vietnam and Bangladesh.
A new study by Georgia State University estimates that child sexual abuse in the US has a total lifetime economic burden of $9.3 billion, with female victims facing an average lifetime cost of $1.1M and male victims facing a lower estimated lifetime cost due to insufficient data on productivity losses.
A recent study by Penn State economists suggests that investing in public education leads to higher upward mobility and lower teen pregnancy rates. The researchers found that better school quality has nearly twice the beneficial effect on upward mobility as reducing high school dropout rates.
The co-founders of the Global Burden of Disease study have been recognized for their groundbreaking work in measuring and analyzing the world's health issues. The award honors their pioneering efforts to improve health outcomes in developing countries, with the study providing critical intelligence for policy decisions.
A new model balances ocean uses across sectors and industries to create a holistic approach to environmental sustainability. The system identifies tens of thousands of optimal spatial plans, increasing sector values by millions of dollars while reducing harmful impacts.
Kimberly L. Jensen, a professor at the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, has received the SAEA's Lifetime Achievement Award for her significant contributions to agricultural economics and Southern agriculture. She is recognized for her research interests in bioenergy economics, agribusiness, and environmental labeling.
A new study by Ohio State University found that cleaning up beaches in Orange County, California could bring in significant economic benefits, ranging from $13 to $42 per resident. The research estimated that reducing ocean debris by 25-75% could lead to a $46 million boost to the county's economy in just one summer.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich studied three architectural projects in Graz, Lucerne, and Wolfsburg to investigate their effects. Positive economic impacts were found, but no clear repositioning of the cities was observed.
Fine aerosol particles in Beijing exhibit high growth rates, with frequent events occurring approximately every 20 hours. The study reveals that nucleation is the dominant mechanism driving these growth events, contributing to haze formation and air quality issues.
A recent study by IMDEA Networks explores the potential of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to make the Internet more scalable, manageable, and adaptable. The HyperAdapt project proposes mechanisms and techniques to deal with network dynamism, improve ISP performance, and support novel technologies like D2D and mmWaves.
The US has poorer child health outcomes compared to other industrialized nations. Childhood mortality rates declined in all OECD countries between 1961-2010, but US infants had a 76% increased risk of death.
A literature review identifies key determinants affecting mental health disorders in the region, highlighting the need for policy development and collaboration among sectors. Financial issues, social inequalities, and environmental problems are major contributors to the prevalence of mental disorders.
A review paper compares health determinants of people and healthcare systems in Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia. The study highlights the need for policies impacting population health and country development to guide policymakers and healthcare providers.
Research reveals China's reversing emission flows due to changes in economic development patterns and international trade. The study found that emission flows have changed greatly in both domestic and foreign trade.
Residents of World Heritage Sites value economic benefits from tourism, but participation in planning can have a negative impact on perception. The study found significant differences between urban and rural communities.
A study by Imperial College London found that global conservation spending of $14.4 billion over 10 years resulted in a 29% reduction in biodiversity loss among 109 countries. The analysis provides a tool for adjusting conservation budgets based on individual country needs.
Researchers at James Cook University found that poorly planned roads can become costly money-losers for developing nations due to high maintenance costs. The study highlights the risks of corruption and substandard construction methods, which can lead to rapid collapse and further environmental damage.
A new study by Yale economists Fabrizio Zilibotti and Matthias Doepke finds that economic conditions, especially inequality and return to education, shape parenting styles. Parents are driven by a combination of altruism and paternalism, influencing their children's choices through permissive, authoritative, or authoritarian approaches.
The Conservation Finance Alliance has received a major funding award of €701,114 (US$822,315) to support its work in promoting sustainable financing solutions for biodiversity conservation. The funding will be used to hire a full-time Executive Director and build the network's capacity for administration and fundraising.