A team of researchers identified traits that best protect trees against death from drought, finding that xylem stress is a key predictor of survival. The study provides a foundation for improving predictions of drought-induced tree mortality across diverse forests.
Researchers found that a gap phase in the cell cycle acts as a switch to mask asynchronous synthesis, enabling a mitotic wave to coordinate with neural tube formation. This study provides insight into the critical stage of animal embryonic development.
A new HPV vaccine could significantly reduce cervical cancer incidence by 73% and healthcare costs if states coordinate policies to improve coverage. Increased funding can lead to improved vaccine coverage and public health.
A team of researchers at Binghamton University recorded the brain activity of 50 people while they looked at images, finding that participants' brains reacted differently to each image. This allowed a computer system to identify each volunteer's unique 'brainprint' with 100% accuracy.
Using ultrasonic signals, researchers demonstrated the possibility of high-definition video transmission through tissue for in-body communications with implanted medical devices. The study achieved data rates >30Mbps with low error rates, sufficient for real-time streaming.
Researchers from Illinois Institute of Technology analyzed over 200 brands on Twitter, finding that fans of eco-friendly, luxury, and nutrition brands tend to follow environmentally focused accounts, resulting in a positive brand image. This approach offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional surveys.
A new study suggests that increased carbon dioxide levels could help mitigate the negative impacts of rising temperatures on crop yields, particularly in regions with suitable conditions. The research projects a 10% increase in average yields of certain crops, while water consumption would decrease by a corresponding amount.
Researchers have developed a method that uses laser pulses to identify brain tumors without labeling or staining, providing histological detail comparable to conventional techniques. The technique allows for fast and accurate diagnosis in the operating room, potentially enabling real-time tumor detection before surgery.
A study found that most patients with asymptomatic carotid disease underwent unnecessary carotid imaging tests ordered for uncertain or inappropriate indications. The majority of these patients received endarterectomy, while others had stenting performed.
Researchers have identified a biological pathway in mice that explains the ineffectiveness of current asthma therapies. The discovery highlights the role of neuropeptide NPY in airway hyper-responsiveness and constriction. Inhibiting NPY activity may help alleviate asthma symptoms, providing hope for millions of patients.
A new technique to probe and control environmental noise in quantum computing has been developed by a Dartmouth-led team. The method, called quantum noise spectroscopy, uses a quantum system as a probe of its own environment to extract information about the noise.
A USU aerospace engineering team is developing next-gen green rocket motors with a potential impact on the space industry. The team aims to determine if exhaust plumes from new motor designs can contaminate solar panels and other external spacecraft surfaces.
Researchers found that SLE neutrophils release oxidized mitochondrial DNA, stimulating type I interferon production and contributing to disease pathogenesis. Targeting pathways for oxidized DNA degradation may offer new treatment options for chronic autoimmune disease.
A recent study reveals that cancer patients and families perceive palliative care as synonymous with death, despite its benefits in improving quality of life. The researchers call for a rebranding of palliative care to address the stigma and promote earlier access to supportive care.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered the structure of MraY enzyme, revealing a hidden binding pocket that can be targeted by muraymycin. This breakthrough provides a platform for designing broad-spectrum antibiotics that could combat antibiotic-resistant infections and save millions of lives.
Researchers found lower metabolism and reduced brain size among study participants taking anticholinergic drugs, which may increase risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The study provides insight into the potential underlying biology of these clinical links using neuroimaging measurements.
Research found that delaying radiation therapy after surgery increases the risk of recurrent tumors in women with stage 0 breast cancer. Women who received radiation within eight weeks had a lower rate of recurrence compared to those who delayed treatment. The study suggests that timely radiation therapy is crucial for reducing the ris...
A Tel Aviv University study found that smartphone technology has led to diminished overall privacy, as individuals voluntarily share personal data and location information. The researchers developed an Android application to collect data and discovered a correlation between the type of space and willingness to share information.
A new study found that consuming produce grown in treated wastewater-irrigated soil leads to higher levels of carbamazepine excretion. The researchers discovered that the production and consumption of such veggies pose a potential risk for consumers, despite the low quantities involved.
Researchers found that CTC clusters can unfold and pass through constrictions in microfluidic devices and human blood vessels. This ability may contribute to their metastatic potential. The study suggests potential strategies to reduce clusters' ability to spread cancer throughout the body.
Ten scientists from eight institutions across the US will receive $750,000 each to support high-risk, high-reward projects in cancer research. The grants aim to accelerate innovative approaches in tumor metabolism, imaging, and mathematical models of combination drug therapy.
Intensifying tropical agriculture may sequester up to 1-4 million metric tons of phosphorus fertilizer annually, forcing farmers to pay a recurring 'P-tax'. Recycling phosphorus-rich livestock manure and rethinking high-meat diets could mitigate this issue.
Exposure to violence during pregnancy may increase the risk of prematurity and low birthweight. A recent study by Queen Mary University of London and the University of Leicester found that mothers exposed to homicides had newborns with lower birthweights and higher rates of prematurity, particularly in the first trimester.
Researchers have identified a key role for a recently discovered immune cell in age-related inflammation and disease. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms underlying these conditions and offers promising avenues for treatment.
A new study finds that patients with advanced cancer often view palliative care as a stigma due to its association with death. Experts suggest that education and rebranding could help break down this stigma, promoting a more positive view of the service.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison found that heavy media multitaskers benefited from a short meditation exercise in which they sat quietly counting their breaths. Heavy media multitaskers scored worse on attention tests, but improved significantly after the exercise.
Researchers developed a risk prediction model integrating 19 environmental and lifestyle risk factors with 64 common genetic risk factors to identify individuals at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The model aims to improve colonoscopies for those at higher risk, while avoiding unnecessary procedures for low-risk individuals.
Research shows that people who face uncertain outcomes may prioritize high-risk options even when unrelated to romance. This study found that exposure to unfavorable sex ratios led participants to make riskier financial decisions, such as investing more in a single high-stakes option.
Researchers found that women exposed to disclaimer labels on digitally altered images did not report higher body satisfaction than those exposed to unaltered images. Subvertising efforts, however, were ineffective in improving body image.
A new study found that shifted sleep-wake cycles affect brain function differently in men and women. Women were more cognitively impaired during the early morning hours, making them potentially more vulnerable to night-shift work.
Researchers have discovered how compounds produced by the body's immune system help to dampen inflammation and prevent damage to healthy tissues. These compounds, called alpha defensins, may act on cells of the immune system to prevent excessive inflammation.
Research in female mice reveals estrogen's protective effects against renal ischemia, leading to improved survival rates and lower kidney injury. Human kidney transplant outcomes also show greater failure rates in male recipients compared to females.
A study found that specific psychological and social work factors were consistently associated with sleep problems, both concurrently and two years later. The most consistent predictors of troubled sleep included quantitative job demands, decision control, role conflict, and support from a superior in the workplace.
Dinosaurs were already experiencing an evolutionary decline, with many species going extinct faster than new ones emerged. This suggests that the asteroid impact may not have been the sole cause of their extinction.
Researchers have discovered a new metamaterial that radiates heat in specific directions, making it ideal for use with thermophotovoltaic cells. This breakthrough could lead to highly efficient cells that harvest heat from surroundings and convert it into electricity.
The I-SPY 2 trial shows that a combination of T-DM1 and pertuzumab before surgery can eradicate residual disease in more patients compared to paclitaxel plus trastuzumab. This new approach may improve outcomes for women with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer.
McMaster University has received $3.3M in funding to address auto industry and nuclear safety challenges through two research projects, the CaNRisk program and CREATE Program in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Design and Development.
A new cancer treatment approach uses microparticles and mesenchymal stem cells to deliver chemotherapy directly to tumor cells, reducing systemic toxicity. The method successfully kills tumor cells via a strong bystander effect, offering hope for targeted treatment of prostate cancer and potentially other diseases.
Dr. Crystal Mackall receives $500,000 Clinical Translation Grant to study osteosarcoma and develop immunotherapy treatment options. The grant aims to improve outcomes for patients with this rare form of cancer.
The demand for radiotherapy is expected to increase by 16% between 2012 and 2025, with prostate cancer cases projected to rise by 24%. This is due to an aging population in Europe, with four million new cancer patients expected in 2025. The study's authors aim to help policymakers plan for increased radiotherapy services.
A new analysis of 204 studies involving over 1.4 million people suggests that metformin reduces the relative risk of dying from heart disease by 30-40% compared to sulfonylureas. The study also evaluated other drug effects, including glucose control and side effects.
Researchers developed a way to embed light-responsive switches into proteins, allowing them to manipulate protein movement and activity in real-time. This new approach enables the rapid study of biological changes and reveals that cellular processes are more dynamic than previously expected.
Researchers found that ants form rafts with different members occupying specific positions based on experience, demonstrating collective memory and cooperation. This phenomenon has implications for our understanding of social insects and potential applications in robotics and medicine.
Researchers from SISSA have developed a novel technique to visualize RNA dynamics using stop-motion animation, based on a huge international database of crystallographic images. This approach allows for the creation of coherent sequences of conformations, providing valuable insights into molecular transitions and dynamics.
A new study finds that toddlers who reach for sweet treats after a filling meal are at a greater risk of weight gain. Researchers from Michigan Medicine found that eating in the absence of hunger is associated with being overweight among young children.
Researchers found significant increases in health insurance coverage, quality of coverage, and diagnoses for chronic health conditions among low-income adults in states that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and residents in states with ACA Medicaid expansions.
Researchers discovered that TB bacteria trick immune cells into building up fat to feed them, rather than destroying them. This finding provides new insights into the mechanisms of TB infection and potential treatment approaches using antisense oligonucleotides.
C4 plants grow 20-100% faster than C3 plants due to altered leaf and root structure, allowing for 50% more roots. This discovery could help researchers harness C4 photosynthesis to boost rice yields and improve food security.
Researchers found that islet transplantation prevents severe hypoglycemic events in people who experienced episodes despite expert care. After one year, 88% of participants were free of severe hypoglycemic events and had restored hypoglycemic awareness.
Researchers are exploring new treatments for heart failure using transplanted umbilical cord cells, activated endogenous cardiac stem cells, and immune therapy. A clinical trial assessing the safety of allogenic umbilical cord lining sub-epithelial cells is also underway.
Research reveals smoking addiction in schizophrenia is associated with higher neuronal activation of the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex, leading to low smoking cessation rates and increased health risks.
The study reveals that carnivore populations thrive in areas with preferred habitat and food sources, contradicting expectations of radioactive contamination. The camera survey captured 14 species, including gray wolves and raccoon dogs, which were more likely to be found in highly contaminated but suitable habitats.
A researcher at Lehigh University is pioneering a unique approach to treat bacterial infections by targeting outer membrane vesicles, which can deliver toxins to healthy cells. Her work has the potential to develop broad-range antibacterial molecules and improve antibiotic stewardship.
A study at Oregon State University has identified a specific intake level of xanthohumol that significantly improves metabolic syndrome markers and reduces weight gain in laboratory animals. The findings suggest a possible new approach to addressing obesity, high cholesterol and elevated glucose.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new process to exfoliate atomically thin phosphorene flakes with high yield and minimal degradation. The method uses deoxygenated water as an environmentally benign solvent, resulting in superior material quality and scalable fabrication.
Researchers found that unexpected events activate the same brain system responsible for interrupting movement, leading to impaired working memory and disrupted trains of thought. The study focuses on the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key player in Parkinson's disease treatment.
Dan Trefler, a renowned economist at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management, has been awarded a 2016 Killam Prize for his groundbreaking research on international trade and competitiveness. His work has had far-reaching impact on public policy formation in Canada.
A new study by Drexel University researchers found that gun hunting is driving seven monkey species toward extinction on Bioko Island. Four of the seven species are especially vulnerable and unable to adapt to hunting, with the red colobus being the most at risk due to its specialized niche and larger body size. The researchers suggest...
Researchers found three tree physiological traits significantly predict drought mortality, related to hydraulics. Trees with lower hydraulic conductivity and safety margins are more susceptible to embolism and death. This study can help forecast tree deaths in drought and inform climate change mitigation strategies.
The Women's Health Initiative has received the AACR Team Science Award for its pioneering research on hormone therapy and nutrition in cancer risk prevention. The program, which involved over 161,000 postmenopausal women, found significant increases in heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer risks with combination hormone therapy.