Evaluating value of senses
A UK-based web survey found that balance and temperature were also highly valued by the general public. The study aimed to determine the relative importance of different senses in everyday life.
Science News Archive October 2019 - Page 42
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Fathers-to-be should avoid alcohol six months before conception
Research published in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology suggests that fathers-to-be should not consume alcohol for at least six months before fertilization, while mothers should stop drinking one year prior to pregnancy. This can lower the risk of congenital heart disease in offspring.
SourceEuropean Society of Cardiology·JournalEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology·DateOct 3, 2019
Shape-shifting structures take the form of a face, antenna
Scientists have developed a method to encode complex curves in shape-shifting structures, enabling the creation of doubly-curved shapes like those found on a human face. The research uses a bilayer, multimaterial lattice design that can grow or shrink in response to temperature changes.
SourceHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 3, 2019
Uncovering drug-like small molecules in the human microbiome
Researchers developed a computational algorithm to identify biologically active small molecules encoded in human microbiome-derived sequencing data. They uncovered novel TII-PKS BGCs with antimicrobial activity against neighboring microbes, as well as anti-cancer effects, in samples from diverse countries.
WVU researchers study link between low birth weight and cardiovascular risk
Researchers found a significant correlation between low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in fifth-grade children, including high levels of 'bad' cholesterol and triglycerides. The study suggests that early intervention during pregnancy and childhood can help reduce the risk of chronic health conditions later in life.
SourceWest Virginia University·JournalJournal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·DateOct 3, 2019
A new, unified pathway for prebiotic RNA synthesis
Researchers have identified a unified chemical pathway that generates both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, key building blocks of RNA. The 'wet-dry' cycling approach provides a plausible solution to the formation of Watson-Crick bases, but synthesis specifics of carbohydrates remain unclear.
Engineered viruses could fight drug resistance
MIT researchers developed engineered bacteriophages that can kill different strains of E. coli by making targeted mutations in a viral protein. The new approach creates a large number of phage variants and tests them against resistant strains, showing promise for overcoming multidrug resistance.
New fluorescence method reveals signatures of individual microbes
Researchers at University of Tsukuba developed a new CRIF method to detect unique fluorescent signatures of individual microbial cells in mixtures. The non-destructive technique allows for realistic three-dimensional environments and can distinguish between different types of microbes.
Stanford psychologists show leading with flavor encourages healthy eating
Researchers found that evocative labels like 'twisted citrus glazed carrots' can increase vegetable consumption by 29% and calorie intake by 39%. Careful word choice matters, as references to ingredients, preparation methods, and words that convey a positive experience can make healthy foods more crave-worthy.
Study: Ibrutinib linked to high blood pressure and other heart problems
A new study found that over half of people prescribed the cancer drug ibrutinib developed high blood pressure within six months, with a heightened risk of atrial fibrillation. Initiating blood pressure-lowering medications reduced major adverse cardiovascular events by 60%.
Stanford scientists uncover genetic similarities among species that use sound to navigate
Researchers at Stanford University identified 25 convergent amino acid changes in 18 genes involved in the development of the cochlear ganglion, a key component in echolocation. This discovery resolves a long-standing debate on whether echolocating bats and whales independently evolved similar genomic changes.
Just add water: U-M chemists suggest a fix for insoluble drugs
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that unstable metal organic frameworks can be used to deliver insoluble drugs in an amorphous state, increasing bioavailability. The MOF delivery system allows for rapid release of drugs, with controlled dosage and minimal toxicity.
CNIC scientists discover a new mechanism for the transfer of maternal genetic material
Researchers defined the dynamics of mitochondrial DNA transfer from mothers to offspring, revealing control mechanisms to prevent heteroplasmy. The study helps devise strategies to prevent mitochondrial disease and unwanted results in medical interventions.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P.)·JournalCell Metabolism·DateOct 3, 2019
The diabetes pandemic and the promise of connected care
A comprehensive review of connected diabetes care products found the potential for improved outcomes and reduced healthcare burdens. However, awareness and use of these programs remain low among healthcare professionals and patients.
'Dietary' vulnerability found in cancer cells with mutated spliceosomes
Research discovered that cancer cells with SF3B1 mutations are dependent on external sources of amino acid serine, which can be exploited through a patient-specific 'oncology diet'. A diet low in serine may help shrink tumors in mice with myeloid sarcomas.
In Russia, declines in alcohol consumption and mortality have gone hand in hand
A new review shows that Russia's decline in overall alcohol consumption has gone hand-in-hand with a parallel decrease in the country's mortality rates. The study analyzed data on death rates, cause of death, life expectancy, and beer sales to find this correlation. Government policies, including restrictions on hours of sale, minimum ...
SourceJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs·JournalJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs·DateOct 3, 2019
Drinking more sugary beverages of any type may increase type 2 diabetes risk
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that increasing consumption of sugary beverages is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Replacing one daily serving of sugary drinks with water, coffee, or tea reduces the risk by 2-10%.
Getting an 'eel' for the water: The physics of undulatory human swimming
A research team led by the University of Tsukuba created the most complete recording of a human swimming underwater like an eel or lamprey. The study found that jets produced by coalescing vortices help explain the efficiency of this swimming method, which might be applied to novel propulsion systems.
Massive filaments fuel the growth of galaxies and supermassive black holes
A team of scientists discovered that massive galaxy filaments fuel the formation of stars and supermassive black holes, contradicting a long-held bottom-up model of galaxy formation. The study, published in Science, provides new insights into the early universe and the role of gas filaments in shaping its structure.
A breath test for opioids
Researchers at UC Davis developed a breath test that can detect opioid drugs in exhaled breath, providing a non-invasive alternative to blood tests. The test was tested on patients receiving pain medications, showing promise in tracking medication usage and detecting potential overdose risk.
Study finds managed forests in New Hampshire rich in carbon
A Dartmouth-led study reveals that actively managed mixed wood forests in New Hampshire have significant carbon stores, both above and below ground. The research found that the forests' soil carbon is higher in subplots with more trees, especially fir and spruce species.
Burt's Bees presents clinical data demonstrating proven efficacy of natural skin care
Burt's Bees research highlights the effectiveness of natural ingredients like bakuchiol in addressing anti-aging concerns and protecting skin from environmental damage. Clinical studies demonstrate improved skin health, reduced sensitivity, and enhanced lip barrier function with nature-based skincare regimens.
The MIT Press receives Arcadia grant to develop and pilot open access monograph publishing framework
The MIT Press has received a three-year $850,000 grant from Arcadia to develop and pilot an open access monograph publishing framework. The project will explore alternatives to traditional market-based business models for professional and scholarly monographs, with the goal of increasing their availability and impact.
Identifying a gene for canine night blindness
An international team has identified the LRIT3 gene mutation responsible for congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in dogs, a form of blindness also affecting humans. The researchers found that the mutation affects ON bipolar cells involved in dim light vision, but the retina's structure remains relatively unaffected.
Analysis of HIV-1B in Indonesia illuminates transmission dynamics of the virus
Research reveals HIV-1B originated in America, then developed into a unique Indonesian strain after introduction in the late 1980s. The study found multiple introductions of the virus to Indonesia via Thailand, Europe, and America throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Anticipating performance can hinder memory
A study by the University of Waterloo found that anticipating performance at work or school can hinder memory recall. The presence of an audience may also contribute to this effect. Researchers suggest strategies like presenting first to avoid pre-performance anxiety.
UIC researchers tackle opioid use among kidney disease patients
The University of Illinois Chicago has received $2.8 million in NIH funding to investigate non-opioid pain management solutions for adults with kidney disease. The study aims to find effective treatments to alleviate chronic pain and improve quality of life for patients on maintenance dialysis.
L-chondrite breakup might have contributed to Ordovician biodiversification
A major impact event around 466 Mya may have triggered cooling and biological diversification, leading to late Ordovician glaciation. Cosmic dust enrichment in the stratosphere is believed to be a key factor in this process.
New test assists physicians with quicker treatment decisions for sepsis
A new rapid testing method is being used to improve antibiotic treatment for sepsis patients, enabling medical teams to make quicker and more targeted therapy choices. The study found that providing rapid drug susceptibility information can lead to better patient outcomes and less unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
Ant-plant partnerships may play unexpected role in ant evolution
A study of over 89,000 scientific papers reveals that plant partners do not accelerate the rise of new ant species but rather may hinder it. The researchers suggest that ants' fates become linked to their plant partners' fate in mutually beneficial relationships.
Living a long chimpanzee life
Researchers at Kyoto University analyzed data from over 1,000 captive chimpanzees in Japan, revealing an average life expectancy of 40 years for adults, with males reaching 41.5 years and females 39.2 years on average. The study highlights the importance of providing long-term care to these intelligent, long-lived creatures.
$28m grant funds coordinating center for Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network
The grant will facilitate studies involving thousands of scientists and patients across the US and globally, sharing and analyzing large amounts of Big Data on rare diseases. Cincinnati Children's will serve as a centralized data storage and sharing source, learning center, and advocacy hub for the network.
This is how a 'fuzzy' universe may have looked
Researchers simulated galaxy formation in a 'fuzzy' universe, where dark matter is ultralight and quantum-waves-like. The simulation suggests galaxies would form in extended filaments with striated patterns, potentially illuminating the type of dark matter present today.
Implanted memories teach birds a song
A study by UT Southwestern Medical Center has confirmed brain regions that encode behavioral-goal memories in songbirds. The researchers used optogenetics to implant these memories in zebra finches without tutoring, enabling them to learn syllables of their song. This discovery opens new avenues for research into identifying brain circ...
Researchers outline policy approaches to transform fire management
Scientists recommend policy approaches that expedite collaboration and capacity-building in fire management. Innovative projects across the US demonstrate effective partnerships between land managers, communities, and organizations, such as the Rio Grande Water Fund and California's Fire MOU Partnership.
Early menopause predictor of heart disease
Women who reach menopause before age 50 are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, according to researchers from The University of Queensland. Early menopause is associated with a 40% increase in cardiovascular conditions and nearly twice the likelihood of non-fatal cardiac events.
Tension around autonomy increases family conflict at end of life
New research highlights how caregivers can better manage family conflict as they deal with the approaching death of a loved one. Autonomy is a central tension in caregiving at the end of life, and strategies like communication, formal support, and emotional self-care can be used to address conflicts.
Poor health more likely to be associated with shorter sleep in older Irish population
Research by Trinity College Dublin's TILDA study found that Irish adults aged 50 and older are more likely to experience poor health if they get less than 7 hours of sleep per night. The study also discovered a link between moderate physical activity and normal sleep patterns.
Large-scale mapping of protein networks behind tumor growth in the lungs
A study has identified key proteins in signaling pathways that control tumor growth in lung tissue, paving the way for personalized cancer treatment and new drug development. The research, published in Cell, also reveals new proteins activated by cancer mutations contributing to tumor growth.
SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalCell·DateOct 3, 2019
Immune cell identity crisis: What makes a liver macrophage a liver macrophage?
A study from University of California - San Diego outlines a fundamental process for liver macrophage specialization, enabling future research into macrophage malfunction's contribution to liver disease. The team identified key genetic and molecular changes that occur during the two-week differentiation process.
Autism-related behaviors are shaped by neurons outside of the brain
Research shows that neurons outside the brain play a crucial role in autism spectrum disorders, particularly in touch perception and social behavior. Peripheral somatosensory neurons are key players in this process, suggesting a potential new approach to treating ASD-related symptoms.
Genetics researchers find new neurodevelopmental syndrome
Researchers have identified a new neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by mutations in the NKAP gene, leading to developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and musculoskeletal problems. The condition affects only males and is characterized by Marfanoid traits and cognitive impairment.
Targeting regulator of mitochondrial cell death delivers anticancer activity
Researchers at The Wistar Institute developed a novel anticancer molecule targeting the MFF-VDAC1 complex to regulate mitochondrial cell death. The compound effectively delivered potent anticancer activity in preclinical models of various cancer types.
Printed electronics open way for electrified tattoos and personalized biosensors
Researchers at Duke University have developed a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that can be applied to delicate surfaces like human skin and paper. This advance paves the way for high-adhesion electronic tattoos, personalized biosensors and rapid prototyping for custom electronics.
Patients say ask before using medical records for research
A new study finds that patients want to give consent before their de-identified data is used for research, with racial and ethnic minorities expressing strong sentiments on this issue. The study's findings highlight the importance of transparency and clarity in communicating research goals and activities to patients.
SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of Clinical Oncology·DateOct 3, 2019
Severe morning sickness associated with higher risk of autism
A Kaiser Permanente study of nearly 500,000 pregnancies found that children exposed to severe morning sickness during pregnancy were 53% more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The association was stronger among girls and certain ethnic groups.
Dealing a therapeutic counterblow to traumatic brain injury
Researchers develop a novel therapy to protect neurons and stimulate regrowth of blood vessels in damaged tissue. In preclinical trials, rats injected with the hydrogel retained more functioning neurons and formed new blood cells at the injury site.
SourceNew Jersey Institute of Technology·JournalACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·DateOct 3, 2019
Scientists discover interaction between good and bad fungi that drives forest biodiversity
Researchers found that soil fungus types determine tree survival rates in forests, with some trees thriving in dense groups due to protective fungal networks. The study reveals a complex interplay between beneficial and pathogenic fungi, shedding light on rare-species advantage's underlying mechanisms.
A filament fit for space -- silk is proven to thrive in outer space temperatures
A team of researchers from the University of Oxford has discovered that silk's cryogenic toughness is due to its nano-scale fibrill structure. This finding has significant implications for the development of new materials and composites for extreme cold conditions such as space.
Daddy daycare: Why some songbirds care for the wrong kids
Scientists have observed a rare instance of interspecific feeding among songbirds, where an adult male Eastern bluebird is caring for the young of another species, the tree swallow. The unusual behavior is thought to be caused by the bluebird's confusion and 'place-based decision' to care for the wrong chicks.
Promotional games at retail stores increase consumer spending
Research found that shoppers who win discounts through promotional games make a purchase and spend more money than those offered standard discounts. Games increase the likelihood of buying, leading to higher sales and long-term profitability for retailers.
How to make carbon pricing palatable to air travellers
A new study from the University of British Columbia suggests that consumers are more accepting of carbon pricing in air travel when the fee is labeled as a carbon offset and directed at fossil fuel producers. The study found that consumers were willing to pay more for flights if the extra money supported carbon emission reductions.
Breakthrough in sex-chromosome regulation
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have uncovered a chromosome-wide mechanism that maintains balance in sex chromosomes' gene expression. The study found that genes on the X chromosome produce waves of gene products at a faster tempo, driven by special DNA elements called enhancers.
High fiber diet associated with reduced CV risk in hypertension, type 2 diabetes patients
A high fiber diet significantly improves cardiovascular risk factors, including cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Researchers found a protective role of fiber against cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and Type 2 diabetes.
Parkinson's disease is also present in the blood
Researchers from Aarhus University discovered that Parkinson's patients have an immune imbalance in their blood, affecting the regulation of immune cells and anti-inflammatory molecules. This finding advocates for immune modulation as a potential alternative treatment for the disease.
Experts call for coordinated action to avert a brain disease crisis
Experts recommend promoting a 'brain-healthy lifestyle' through public education campaigns, research programs, and healthcare system preparedness. This can help reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases by emphasizing that healthy habits are generally good for brain health.
An 'unprecedented' rise in infant mortality in England linked to poverty
A recent study found that infant mortality rates in England have risen for the last four years, with a disproportionate impact on the most deprived local authorities. The research suggests that about a third of the increase in infant mortality may be attributed to rising child poverty, equivalent to an extra 172 infant deaths.
Imprinting on mothers may drive new species formation in poison dart frogs
A new study suggests that imprinting on mothers plays a crucial role in shaping the color morphs of poison dart frogs, potentially driving the formation of new species. Researchers found that female frogs tend to choose mates of the same color as their mother, while males choose rivals based on their mother's color.
New criteria for bank loans and stock exchange listings could protect ocean resources
Researchers propose introducing sustainability criteria in bank loan agreements and stock exchange listing rules to reduce pressure on seafood resources. This could impact the majority of largest listed seafood companies worldwide, with half of external finance coming from bank loans or stock exchanges.
'Personalized dj' music playlist algorithm matches songs to listeners' changing moods
A new algorithm, DJ-MC, uses sequence modeling and Monte Carlo search to create personalized music playlists that change according to each individual's shifts in emotion. The program adapts to the listener's mood, considering not only which songs they will enjoy but also the order in which they are played.