Research suggests that more efficient water management, technology, and infrastructure can help achieve development goals in the world's drylands. This study concludes that coherent system-oriented policies and institutions are necessary to support climate change adaptation efforts.
The University of Ottawa has been awarded four new Canada Research Chairs in artificial intelligence, health, and law. Carole Yauk's research addresses toxicological risk assessment of environmental chemicals, while Emmanuelle Bernheim focuses on improving access to justice for those with mental health issues.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have detected a previously unknown quantum effect in metal clusters, where electrons exhibit behavior similar to classical particles. The team's findings contradict previous predictions and suggest that decoherence suppresses interferences, leading to almost classical distributions.
Researchers used gravity-defying rock formations to determine the peak ground accelerations that could topple them, setting new design ground motion values for the Clyde Dam. The new values are similar to those used when the dam was built in the 1980s, but with a reduced risk due to modern regulations.
Researchers found two subgroups of adolescents who self-harm, one with emotional and behavioral difficulties, and a second group without those difficulties but with different risk factors. The study suggests that it may be possible to predict which individuals are most at risk of self-harm up to a decade ahead of time.
The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) is commemorating its 40th anniversary by convening a virtual annual meeting. The group has played a critical role in HIV research for nearly four decades, conducting landmark studies that have changed the treatment and care of people living with HIV around the world.
Researchers will explore the beginning of human life, the role of gut bacteria, and collective intelligence in honeybees. Experts from various fields will share their findings on protein biochemistry, glycobiology, and epigenetic regulation, among other topics.
Contrary to previous beliefs, researchers found no association between bed sharing and positive outcomes related to infant attachment and maternal bonding. Bed sharing was associated with ease of breastfeeding and dealing with night waking in infants.
Researchers at Shinshu University and the National Polar Research Institute found a Forbush decrease in cosmic ray counts during a CME event, but the CR density exceeded its original level before exiting the Magnetic Flux Rope. The high-speed solar wind caused this unusual enhancement of CR density through local compression of the MFR.
A review of over 9,000 US patients with severe COVID-19 found less than 1% contracted the virus again, with an average reinfection time of 3.5 months. Patients categorized as non-white were at greater risk of reinfection.
Research suggests that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase a baby's risk of obesity and related diseases. Hispanic mothers who lived in areas with high levels of pollutants had babies who grew unusually fast, gaining excess fat that puts them at risk of obesity later in life.
Researchers identified live microbes in fetal organs, stimulating activation of fetal T-cells and priming the immune system before birth. The study has broader implications for understanding immune competency and tolerance, with potential applications in human health and immunity.
Researchers discover 9,000-year-old obsidian flakes in Lake Huron, originating from an obsidian quarry over 2,000 miles away, representing the oldest and farthest east confirmed specimens of western obsidian in the continental US. The find sheds light on social connections across North America 9,000 years ago.
The study uses innovative imaging techniques to demonstrate the role of symmetric cell nucleus alignment in left-right asymmetric development. Collective nuclear behavior and proper nuclear positioning are found to be responsible for subsequent LR-asymmetric development of the midgut.
A longitudinal study found that youth football players experience a significant positive association between changes in head impact exposure and abnormal findings on brain imaging studies. The researchers also discovered that variations in head impact exposure metrics differed from year to year and between athletes.
A study published in Cell identified specific nerve cells and proteins that trigger the sneeze reflex, which may lead to new treatments for infectious respiratory diseases. The researchers found that stimulating these cells with a molecule called neuromedin B could induce sneezing, even without exposure to allergens or viruses.
A team of researchers tracked the movements of hippos in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania, to better understand how anthrax outbreaks spread. They found that infected individuals roamed just as much as healthy hippos, highlighting the importance of wildlife movement in disease transmission.
A study finds that scientific papers on Alzheimer's disease research conducted in mice are more likely to be covered by the media if they don't mention mice in their titles. This results in exaggerated news headlines and limited reporting of the actual limitations of animal-based research.
A study by University of Florida scientists found that crayfish exposed to low levels of antidepressant medication behave more boldly, emerging from hiding earlier and spending more time searching for food. This altered behavior could have a ripple effect on stream ecosystem functions.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed an e-textile material using inkjet printing, creating a durable and flexible wearable device that can conduct electricity. The study's findings suggest a simpler method for manufacturing electronic textiles.
A study examines how teenagers respond emotionally to exposure to online and media-based vicarious racism. The research highlights the development of effective coping strategies to mitigate negative emotions associated with witnessing racist incidents through media. By exploring these responses, healthcare professionals can better supp...
Researchers have developed two COVID-19 vaccines that elicited durable neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical research. The Moderna mRNA vaccine and a protein-based vaccine candidate showed strong immunity in infant rhesus macaques, with no adverse effects.
Five researchers, supported by a $12.8 million grant, will investigate computational methods for predicting immunotherapy responses, genetic elements controlling gene expression, and protein assemblies regulating gene expression in cancer.
The study reveals that the pituitary gland in mice ages as a result of chronic inflammation, which can potentially be slowed down or partially repaired. The researchers found that stem cells in the ageing pituitary gland retain their regenerative capacity when taken out of an inflammatory environment.
Researchers analyzed 24,000 blood samples and multiple antibody testing platforms to discover SARS-CoV-2 infections in five states earlier than reported. The findings expand on previous studies suggesting the virus was present in the US as early as December 2019.
A novel calibration procedure developed by scientists enables precise super-resolution brain imaging at greater depth. The method corrects spherical aberration of the depletion beam, allowing for high-quality images of biological tissue.
A systematic review of 501 chatbot apps found that none performed well on all testing criteria, with linguistic biases and usability challenges. The apps' limited program content made it hard to have extended or varied conversations between users and chatbots.
A Canadian researcher has reclassified a rare bee thought to be one of the rarest in the world, discovering it is an unusual specimen of a widespread species. The discovery was made using DNA barcoding and morphological analysis, confirming that the bee is part of the California digger-cuckoo bee genus.
Researcher Dr. Igor Ivanishin is investigating the impact of varying calcium contents on dolomite and calcite mineral stability, which can lead to improved well stimulation operations. His findings suggest that injected acids may unevenly dissolve rock in carbonate reservoirs, leaving some areas untouched.
A qualitative study found that adolescents feel helpless when exposed to secondhand racism online, with many describing it as a constant force. However, participating in activism is seen as a way to cope with vicarious racism, and may even mitigate negative emotions.
A new therapy has been shown to reduce amyloid beta plaque deposits and toxic tau levels in elderly monkeys' brains, slowing neurodegeneration. The treatment also improved cognitive function in the monkeys, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
A new article analyzes Chile's transition from dictatorship to democracy between 1990 and 2019, highlighting the role of social movements in expanding democracy. The authors argue that Chile's political system became illegitimate, providing space for various social movements, including feminist, student, and indigenous rights movements.
A massive flock of over 20,000 whimbrel has been discovered on Deveaux Bank in South Carolina, marking the world's largest known night roost for the declining shorebird species. The discovery provides critical hope for protecting this rare bird and highlights the importance of coastal habitat conservation.
Researchers suggest that humans evolved to specialise in different ways of thinking to adapt to dramatic environmental variability. This theory of 'complementary cognition' provides insights into the emergence of language and cultural adaptations.
Researchers at UCSB's LTER sites investigate the impact of climate change on diverse ecosystems, including kelp forests and coral reefs. Their findings highlight the importance of long-term research in understanding complex relationships between environmental drivers and ecosystem responses.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has funded 10 postdoctoral fellows from six Latin American countries to conduct research in the US, exploring topics such as molecular interactions and gut bacteria. The program aims to advance scientific knowledge and develop a robust biomedical research community in Latin America.
A recent study by Oregon State University researchers found that quality supervisory support and strong relationships with coworkers are crucial for child welfare caseworkers' job satisfaction. The study also highlighted the importance of adequate technology and equipment in managing workload effectively.
The study found that animals have evolved to prefer tastes that correspond with their elemental needs, helping them prioritize nutrient-rich foods. Convergent evolution was observed across mammalian, fish, and insect groups, highlighting the importance of taste in foraging and nutrient cycling.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that ultra-processed foods make up a high proportion of British children's diets, increasing the risk of obesity and long-term health damage. The research highlights the importance of reducing UPF consumption among children to protect their health.
A new study at Northwestern University suggests that environmental inequities may lead to health disparities through the gut microbiome. Minoritized populations are more likely to have lower microbial diversity and associated health risks due to limited access to green space.
Researchers have measured the super-slow process of oxygen loss in lithium-ion batteries, revealing how it changes the electrode's structure and chemistry over time. This new understanding could lead to the development of new ways to engineer electrodes and prevent oxygen loss-related degradation.
A University of Gothenburg study found that nearly 12,000 people in Sweden received sickness benefit for COVID-19 during the first wave, with a median sick leave duration of 35 days. For 9% of participants, sick leave was still ongoing after 4 months, and those affected by long-term COVID-19 made up 13.3% of recipients.
A novel PET radiotracer detects increases in brain tau, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, up to 12 months before symptoms emerge. This allows for effective selection of patients for clinical trials, potentially speeding the development of treatments.
Researchers found that a third vaccine dose increased antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 in transplant recipients more than the standard two-dose regimen. The study suggests booster doses should be investigated for those who are immunocompromised to determine if they can receive COVID-19 vaccines as standard clinical practice.
A new study reveals that high genetic running capacity promotes more efficient amino acid metabolism in skeletal muscle, potentially contributing to healthier metabolism with aging. Adipose tissue may also play a key role in promoting healthy aging, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers discovered microbial communities with the potential to consume methane, a greenhouse gas, at high rates in carbonate rocks from seven geologically diverse deep-sea methane seeps. The study found that these microorganisms can consume methane at rates up to 5,500 nanomoles per cubic centimeter per day.
Researchers discovered unique changes to the ionospheric D-region triggered by thunderstorms and solar flares. These findings have implications for improving long-range communications like GPS.
Scientists developed a method to dynamically switch liquid metal surfaces between reflective and scattering states using electricity. This technology could be used to create electrically controllable mirrors or illumination devices, enabling new applications in art and advanced devices.
A new NSF-funded project will focus on developing data-driven methods and algorithms to make cyberinfrastructure more resilient against ransomware attacks. The goal is to provide actionable cyber threat intelligence to mitigate this debilitating threat.
A study reveals that 60% of lead in Canadian Arctic seawater comes from human sources, particularly historic lead emissions from Europe and Russia. The findings suggest that permafrost melting and coastal erosion will continue to remobilize these contaminants, making lead isotopes a sensitive tracer for pollutants in Arctic seawater.
A study found that consumers prefer foods with clean labels, which include few ingredients and no additives or preservatives. The study also discovered that the name of the new technology used to make these products affects consumer valuation.
Researchers reconstruct climate history in Ethiopia for the last 200,000 years, revealing a wet phase that supported human migration to Europe and Asia. The study provides evidence for significant impact on human evolution and mobility.
A new study explores how Haitian women's beliefs and values influence their decision making about pregnancy and birth after a C-section. Key findings highlight the importance of family, friends, and providers, as well as cultural background and fear of pain, in shaping birth plans.
A study published in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer found that immunotherapy outcomes differ based on dosing strategy and patient weight. Overweight patients receiving weight-based dosing lived an average of over 20 months, compared to less than 10 months for lighter patients.
Researchers at Keck School of Medicine of USC identified APOE4 as associated with the activation of an inflammatory protein that causes a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier, leading to cognitive decline and memory problems. The study suggests a potential treatment targeting this pathway could slow down or prevent cognitive decline in...
A research project by Cranfield University aims to explore the extent to which 'flexible furlough' has increased employer openness to part-time working. The study, funded by a £300,000 grant, will examine how businesses have used flexible furlough during the pandemic and its impact on perceptions of part-time work.
Researchers compared hg19 and hg38 reference genomes using exome sequencing data from over 1,500 participants. They identified 206 genes with discordant variants, including those associated with Mendelian diseases and common disease phenotypes.
Researchers from Universitat Oberta de Catalunya estimate that food home delivery platforms require at least 8,000 orders per day to become profitable. The study also highlights the importance of investors and venture capital funds in sustaining these businesses.
A species of fish, Poecilia mexicana, developed a unique pattern of DNA methylation in response to exposure to toxic hydrogen sulfide. This epigenetic signature was found to be inherited by subsequent generations, even when reared in the absence of high hydrogen sulfide concentrations.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that NSAIDs like ibuprofen provide better pain control with fewer adverse effects than codeine after outpatient surgery. Patients taking NSAIDs reported lower pain scores and fewer side effects compared to those taking codeine.