Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine found that niacin modulates microglia response to amyloid plaques in an Alzheimer's disease animal model. The study identifies a potential novel therapeutic target for the disease, which can be modulated by FDA-approved drugs.
Researchers urge federal intervention to make naloxone widely available, citing a 30% increase in fatal overdoses from 2019 to 2020. The lack of accessible distribution points and high costs are major barriers to access, with one prescription dispensed for every 70 high-dose opioid prescriptions nationwide.
Researchers developed a novel drug to reduce airway mucus that exacerbates common lung diseases. The treatment works by blocking the secretion of mucins, which can block airways and cause life-threatening symptoms.
A recent study from Lund University reveals new information about the movement patterns of white dwarfs in the Milky Way. The researchers mapped the three-dimensional velocity distribution for the largest catalogue of white dwarfs to date, providing a detailed picture of their velocity structure.
Scientists have identified diagnostic features of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in blood samples, which can predict treatment response and patient outcome in aggressive lymphoma. The study reveals significant heterogeneity among patients, with high ctDNA levels associated with poorer survival rates.
A NCCR-Synapsy study found that anxiety levels significantly impact motivation in response to stress. Highly anxious rats performed poorly on a task after exposure to stress, while less anxious ones showed better performance. The researchers identified the cerebral mechanism involved, CRHR1 receptor, and its influence on motivation.
Researchers have developed miniaturized reflectors that enlarge the uses of remote infrared spectroscopy, allowing for field-ready devices with minimal size, weight, and power requirements. The devices utilize Ge-BaF2 thin films for surface micromachined mid-wave and long-wave infrared reflectors.
A new study reveals climate change has caused significant recent losses of India's forests, exacerbating deforestation. The research found that rainfall alterations and temperature trends contributed to large declines since the turn of the century, necessitating targeted preservation action.
By targeting strategic locations with high impact, researchers found a cost-effective way to reduce energy load and lower wholesale market prices. This approach enhances grid reliability through renewable energy penetration, offering a solution to mitigate price volatility.
A comprehensive study analyzing international literature on wildlife rehabilitation found that human activity is a significant factor influencing outcomes. The study identified five key categories of factors impacting survival outcomes for rescued wildlife, highlighting the need for rehabilitators to mitigate threats and address these ...
A recent study led by University of Hawaii student researchers found that exposing rice coral larvae to warmer temperatures did not improve survival once the coral developed into juveniles. Instead, rearing at ambient temperatures maximized early life stage survival.
Scientists found a unique set of ice-dependent fungi on Walker Glacier, but only five species were also isolated from the glacier foreland environment. The researchers believe that a loss of these fungi would be a great loss to society due to their potential applications in biotechnology.
A new study using subsurface imaging sheds light on the geological connection between Yellowstone's iconic hydrothermal features and deeper heat sources. The research team detected hydrothermal alteration and found a remarkable similarity in deep structure beneath areas such as Norris Geyser Basin and Lower Geyser Basin.
A large-scale intervention has been found to combat inequities in school discipline by evoking empathy in teachers, reducing the racial gap in suspensions of middle school students. The research suggests that a nonjudgmental approach can sideline biases and promote more positive disciplinary outcomes.
Researchers whole-genome sequenced 375 Salmonella enterica strains from wild birds collected in 41 US states to examine bacterial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. They found that only 1% of isolates were multi-antimicrobial resistant, with all cases isolated from waterbirds or raptors, not songbirds.
A new class of membrane carriers, based on halogenated dodecaborate cluster anions, has been discovered to facilitate the cell entry of impermeable molecules. These superchaotropic boron clusters interact with hydrophilic cargos without encapsulating or forming aggregates, allowing for efficient transport across biological membranes.
A new UK government act aimed at targeting Russian oligarchs and money launderers has significant loopholes, according to Paul Gilmour, a leading expert. The Economic Crime Act requires beneficial ownership transparency but leaves room for exploitation by layering company ownership, says Gilmour.
A study by Georgetown University researchers found that humans have transmitted diseases to wild animals nearly 100 times, with most cases occurring in captive settings like zoos. The study highlights the need for long-term monitoring and better understanding of wildlife disease to mitigate risks for human health and conservation.
A team of Canadian scientists developed a scalable serology assay to track COVID-19 antibodies, informing public health decisions and vaccine timing. The assay has been used in over 30 studies across Canada, capturing natural infection and vaccination responses with high accuracy.
The Advanced Test Reactor has completed its sixth core overhaul in 11 months, replacing worn-out components to maintain peak performance. The reactor will resume normal operations this spring, supporting vital nuclear energy research and scientific missions.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association has found a direct and significant relationship between the number of fires fought by firefighters and the risk of developing irregular heart rhythms, specifically atrial fibrillation. The analysis revealed that for every additional 5 fires fought annually, the r...
A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies involving 46,158 participants shows a sharp rise in depression and anxiety levels following the UK's first COVID-19 lockdown. The prevalence of diagnosed depression increased from 4% to 32%, while anxiety diagnoses rose from 5% to 31%. Experts are calling for greater evidence-base...
Dr. Kushani Jayasinghe, a nephrologist and trainee in clinical genetics, received the 2022 Richard King Award for her article on genomic testing in patients with suspected monogenic kidney disease. The award recognizes high-quality research published in Genetics in Medicine by trainees.
Researchers have created a nonvolatile approach for modulating interlayer excitons, enabling valley-addressable memory. The method uses chemical doping to create a hysteresis effect, allowing for long-term retention of valley-polarized information.
Researchers discovered a new venom compound in deep-water cone snails, similar to the hormone somatostatin, with possible pharmaceutical applications for treating chronic pain and other human maladies. The study highlights the rich biochemical diversity of animal venoms and the need to explore new compounds.
Researchers at Osaka City University found that globin family members can suppress liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice. The proteins' antioxidant capacity was greater than glutathione and vitamin C, suggesting a potential therapy for liver fibrosis.
A study found that parents who frequently share photos of their children on social media tend to have more permissive and confident parenting styles. They also engage their children with social media at younger ages, raising concerns about privacy and safety.
A study of 749 European cities found nearly 60 million adults subjected to unhealthy vehicle-generated noise, with compliance to WHO guidelines potentially preventing 3,600 annual deaths from ischaemic heart disease. Over 11 million adults were highly annoyed by road traffic noise, leading to increased stress and health problems.
A study of 85 COVID-19 survivors found a higher rate of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric diagnoses compared to patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 illnesses. Researchers identified long-term risks for brain function, behavior, and mental health.
Researchers found that laser-induced reduction of graphene oxide can produce high-quality graphene by reducing defects and improving lattice structure. At high temperatures, oxidation occurs near defects but is balanced by annealing in the center of the sheet, resulting in well-structured material.
Researchers have identified Velamenicoccus archaeovorus, an ultramicrobacterium that devours Methanosaeta cells in sewage treatment plants, leading to a new understanding of biomass conversion and recycling in deep sediments. The giant protein encoded by the gene enables it to dissolve cells.
A new study, led by UMass Amherst, found that drought, not colder temperatures, contributed to the demise of the Norse settlement in southern Greenland. The researchers analyzed sediment samples from a lake near a former farm and found a prolonged drying trend coincident with the settlement's collapse.
Investments in primary care research can enhance community-centeredness, reducing inequities in access, quality, and outcomes of care. Strategic research prioritizes whole person care and innovative payment models to support primary care's future success.
A study published in Environmental Science and Technology found that aerosols carried in older wildfire smoke plumes can still affect climate. The research, led by Qi Zhang, discovered that particulate matter concentrations were low but oxidized organic aerosols from burning biomass were detected throughout the samples.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that giving Malawi high school students limited internet access to quality online sources improved their English and biology scores. The intervention provided smartphones with restricted online access to Wikipedia, leading to significant gains among lower-achieving students.
Researchers used optical tweezers to study protein folding, revealing entropy and enthalpy levels for the first time. The team discovered that during transition states, the protein skeletal structure is built, but most van der Waals interactions remain unstable.
Scientists at Tsinghua University Press have created a novel synergistic single-atom catalyst approach that enhances the efficiency of hydrogenation reactions. The new catalyst combines iridium nanoparticles and single atoms, overcoming the limitations of previous single-atom catalysts.
Researchers found that Spinosaurus and its close relative Baryonyx had dense bones that would have allowed them to submerge underwater to hunt. In contrast, Suchomimus had lighter bones that made swimming difficult, leading the team to conclude that these dinosaurs likely waded instead.
A study found that uncivil tweet replies to congresswomen of color doubled after Trump's initial derogatory remarks. The majority of replies contained stereotypes and threats, with a chilling effect on women who might speak out or run for office.
Far-UVC light has been shown to be highly effective in reducing airborne microbes in a real room environment, with an equivalent air exchange rate exceeding 184 per hour. This technology could potentially prevent the next pandemic by making indoor places as safe as being outside on a breezy day.
A study suggests that smartwatch heart rate measurement algorithms are less effective in people with darker skin tones due to increased melanin absorption. Researchers emphasize the need for diverse population inclusion and explore alternative light wavelengths for more accurate readings.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have identified a fundamental biochemical mechanism underlying memory storage, which is impaired in Alzheimer's disease models. The study reveals that restoring this protein folding mechanism reverses memory impairment in mouse models.
A study found that living near high levels of transportation noise increases the risk of heart attack by 72%, with 5% of hospitalizations attributable to elevated noise levels. Noise exposure can cause chronic stress, sleep disturbances, and emotional distress, leading to cardiovascular health issues.
Researchers at HKU have developed a photo-responsive nanomedicine that targets colon tumours and releases drugs to kill cancer cells upon light irradiation. The technology has shown promising results in inhibiting tumour growth and minimizing side effects.
Medication for opioid use disorder was lowest among adolescents and adults ages 50 or older, with only 13% of adults in this age group receiving treatment. The study highlights substantial gaps in access to medication treatment, particularly among people of color and those with at least some college education.
A study found that 42% of TikTok videos on high blood pressure focused on alternative medicine, while only 5% mentioned exercise. Most creators were not healthcare professionals, highlighting the need for more emphasis on credible sources.
A study finds that extreme heat is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular mortality, particularly among men and non-Hispanic Black adults. The researchers analyzed data from over 3,100 counties in the US and found that each additional day of extreme heat was linked to an average of 600-700 additional deaths per year.
Physicists at the University of Innsbruck have developed a programmable quantum sensor that can measure with even greater precision, using tailored entanglement to optimize performance. The sensor autonomously finds its optimal settings through free parameters, promising a significant advantage over classical computers.
Researchers at University of Utah Health discovered a novel mechanism in which infectious bacteria adjust to environmental stress, leading to improved survival rates. The study's findings suggest that altering the precision with which bacteria make proteins can help them thrive in stressful conditions.
Researchers found a nearly 16-fold higher prevalence of olfactory cleft abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction compared to controls. The blockages are expected to resolve with time, but nerve damage may be more difficult to recover from.
Scientists at Stanford University have created a stretchy display that can change shape in response to user interaction. The display uses elastic light-emitting polymers and has a maximum brightness two times that of a typical cellphone, allowing it to be stretched up to twice its original length without tearing.
Scientists report a new class of chirp-free pulse in normal-dispersion fiber lasers containing a section of polarization-maintaining fiber. Simulation results reproduce experimental observations, demonstrating the formation mechanism and unique vector soliton property of birefringence-managed solitons.
A study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health reveals that income loss during COVID-19 significantly increases menstrual product insecurity, with lower-income and less educated individuals most vulnerable. The pandemic's impact on menstruation management challenges underscores the need for health and social policy legi...
Studies comparing cultivated apples to their primary wild progenitor, Malus sieversii, found that modern apples are larger and less acidic. They also exhibit improved storage capabilities, suggesting a significant difference in phenotypic traits between the two species.
Modern manufacturing companies can avoid commoditisation by complementing products with services that offer additional value. Digitalisation enables companies to develop intelligence, connection, and analytic capabilities, making it time for customer support service innovation. By doing so, companies like ADAX have successfully differe...
A survey of nearly 30,000 Korean high school students found a strong association between non-academic internet usage and mental health issues such as stress and suicidal ideation. Students who spent more time online reported better health, reduced stress, and fewer feelings of sadness and suicidal thoughts.
Researchers found that lower HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride levels measured in blood as early as age 35 are associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease several decades later. High blood glucose measured between ages 51-60 is also linked to risk of AD in the future.
Research found that IVF clinics offering money-back guarantees have a higher live-birth success rate and lower multiple birth risks compared to those without MBGs. The study suggests that these programs serve as signals of high-quality care in the field of IVF and other healthcare services.
Researchers successfully fabricated centimeter-scale optical fiber preforms using DLP 3D printing technology, enabling the creation of single-mode and multi-mode fibers. The team also explored doping elements to enhance luminescence properties, reducing fiber loss by controlling temperature and pressure during fabrication.
Two papers from the Liggins Institute have been published in JAMA, providing important new data on managing babies at risk of low blood sugar levels. The research found that regular screening and treatment can help achieve similar outcomes for children affected by hypoglycaemia compared to those not exposed.