Two Curtin University researchers, Keith Hampson and Masood Mostofi, have been honored for their contributions to industry collaboration and research impact. Their work has led to the development of technology to automate drilling fluid management during mineral exploration, making the process more efficient, safer and cheaper.
The study reveals coral reefs' significant carbon sequestration potential and how reef-dwelling fish contribute to the carbon cycle. Reef sediments dominate carbon storage, with fish influencing sediment carbon reservoirs through bioerosion and respiration.
A study published in Science reports the discovery of a protist-dominated hard-substrate fauna across seven hadal regions in Oceania, highlighting an overlooked yet highly active carbon hotspot. The fauna comprises 32 species, including new monothalamous foraminiferal and bryozoan families.
Scientists have identified 'Seed Transfer Zones' in Brazil to help restore degraded land. The study divides the country into 48 zones, each defined by climate and soil conditions, to identify native seeds best suited for restoration under current and future climates.
Researchers observe nodeless superconducting gap and discover electron-boson coupling in Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate superconducting thin films. These findings provide crucial evidence for the mechanisms of superconducting gap symmetry and pairing.
A study found that ocean acidification makes reef habitats less complex, causing fish to gather in smaller shoals with reduced social protection. Fish in bigger groups tend to be bolder and more active.
Scientists at Tohoku University uncovered a hidden rule behind dual-atom catalysts, which follow a previously unknown 'dual-Sabatier optima' pattern. This discovery could accelerate the development of cheaper and more efficient fuel cells.
Researchers at Kyoto University developed a porous polymer gel that selectively recognizes specific molecules through coordination chemistry, triggering visible color change and deformation. The gel's mechanical properties also strengthened upon recognition of guest molecules.
Researchers discovered that spraying rice leaves with nanoscale carbon dots reduces cadmium content by nearly 50% while improving grain yield. The CDs trigger the plant's internal defense systems, enhancing antioxidant networks and fortifying the root-surface iron plaque to trap cadmium.
Research from Northwest A&F University reveals that different biochars create hotspots of reactive chemicals in soil, increasing nitrous oxide emissions. The study found that the size of particles released by biochar dictates ROS-generating mechanisms, affecting its performance in mitigating greenhouse gases.
A comprehensive review reveals that deep soil contains a colossal amount of carbon, estimated at over 850 petagrams worldwide, and is significantly more stable than surface layers due to strong interaction with clay minerals. The review outlines several agricultural strategies to protect and enhance deep soil carbon stocks.
Researchers created two new measures to assess attitudes towards cosmetic procedures, focusing on individual views rather than general opinions. The study aims to improve understanding of personal differences in attitudes towards surgical and non-surgical procedures.
Researchers at Hiroshima University identified a critical boundary in the immune-regulating RELA gene that helps predict how harmful mutations cause disease. This finding could improve diagnosis and treatment for patients with autosomal dominant RELA deficiency, a rare inherited inflammatory disease.
Cleveland researchers found that nitric oxide levels are decreased in Alzheimer's brains and correlate with worse clinical outcomes. Targeting enzymes to restore nitric oxide levels could represent a new therapeutic strategy for treating the disease.
Researchers developed an AI-based tool to predict patient outcomes and tailor treatment strategies for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. The analysis revealed that low CD16 levels were associated with shorter time to next treatment, improving disease control and quality of life.
Researchers identified specific gene fusion patterns linked to more aggressive disease behavior and increased risk of metastasis in solitary fibrous tumors. The study suggests that these molecular differences could serve as potential biomarkers for predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment decisions.
Decades of research on UK birth cohorts suggest a 'generational health drift' where more recent generations experience poor health earlier in life, particularly obesity and mental ill health. This trend is driven by worsening social and environmental exposures rather than improvements in healthcare.
The study found that mental disorders disproportionately affect young people aged 15-19 and women, with anxiety and depression ranking among the top causes of disability globally. Mental disorders now account for 171 million DALYs, placing them as the fifth-leading cause of total disease burden worldwide.
Researchers used top Generative AI models to grade hundreds of undergraduate essays, finding that AI only matched human-awarded degree classification around half the time. The AI systems were overly sensitive to linguistic features, giving out higher marks based on essay length and vocabulary range rather than academic quality.
Researchers from Penn Medicine presented findings on the intersection of GLP-1s and breast cancer, gaps in patient-facing information about AI and cancer care, and updates from clinical trials in cancer genetics and CAR T cell therapy for glioblastoma. The studies suggest that GLP-1 usage is associated with a lower risk of breast cance...
A phase I clinical trial is testing whether a tumor-targeting virus can help immunotherapy work more effectively against aggressive neuroendocrine tumors. The study uses a combination of immunotherapy medications and an oncolytic virus delivered directly into the tumors, aiming to improve treatment outcomes.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that 65% of patients receiving avatrombopag met key treatment goals, compared to 17% of those receiving placebo treatment. The oral medication has been shown to be effective in maintaining platelet counts needed to continue chemotherapy as scheduled.
A new review of 87 studies highlights the benefits of bicycling on psychological, social, affective, and cognitive outcomes, particularly in outdoor and multi-session programs. Cycling is shown to improve focus, thinking, and mental health, while also enhancing social connections and cognitive performance.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center have uncovered genetic and cell-state adaptive mechanisms that drive resistance to KRAS inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Targeting early inflammatory responses by adding TBK1 blockade may be a promising combination strategy to overcome treatment resistance.
City of Hope researchers showcase new findings on tailored cancer treatments based on tumor biology and patient-specific factors. Microbiome insights suggest a potential biomarker for guiding treatment selection in kidney cancer, while bispecific antibody combination improves outcomes for patients with lymphoma.
The University of Texas System has invested over $470 million in capital projects supporting UT San Antonio's growth as a top public research university. These investments span research, innovation, infrastructure, technology, and patient care, with a focus on expanding the university's research capabilities and technology infrastructure.
A new skin-like computing patch can analyze health data using artificial intelligence in mere milliseconds, directly on the body. It overcomes limitations of wearable devices by running AI computations within the body, improving response time for critical medical applications.
Researchers from Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute presented various studies on cancer treatments, including the efficacy of lung cancer drug neladalkib and a psychosocial digital app for patients with multiple myeloma. An electronic frailty index was also used to identify high-risk older adults receiving CAR-T cell therapy.
Researchers found that wildland-urban interface fires release distinct pollutants, including toxic metals and PFAS, which can penetrate deep into lungs. These particles differ from ordinary urban pollution and biomass-only wildfire aerosols, highlighting the need for monitoring and cleanup strategies tailored to fire composition.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a method to pattern chips with nanoscale structures at room temperature, opening up new possibilities for integrating light-based technologies into future devices. The technique uses anisotropic crystals to create patterns in hard materials like silica.
A medical school team has been awarded a $6 million grant to develop gene-replacement preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. The goal is to better understand the disease and support early-stage therapeutic research by identifying critical pathogenic mechanisms.
A study by Brown University researchers found that serotonin helps reduce belief stickiness, making it easier to update beliefs and adapt to changes. This discovery holds implications for understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research captured 'housekeeping' immune cells actively attacking and engulfing live melanoma cells. These macrophages patrol the edges of melanoma tumours, steadily engulfing cancer cells and slowing tumour growth. The discovery has big implications for immunotherapy.
Researchers from ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group will present updated outcomes from the STAMP study on Merkel cell carcinoma, primary results from studies in glioblastoma and non-small cell lung cancer, and emerging approaches in precision oncology. AI-driven insights from the TAILORx breast cancer trial will also be showcased.
Physicians at Mount Sinai recommend a more patient-centered approach to evaluating skin toxicities in cancer treatments, prioritizing symptom burden and quality of life over treatment type. This new framework could enhance consistency across clinical trials and improve the accuracy of reporting.
Albert Koong has been appointed chief scientific officer at UT MD Anderson, overseeing laboratory and clinical research enterprise. He aims to create a resilient research enterprise that maintains the institution's position as a global leader in cancer care and research.
A recent study found that one-third of college students use generative AI to complete assignments, with 9% using it to cheat. The use of AI in higher education has sparked concerns about the validity of assessments and the credibility of university credentials. Researchers are urging assessment reform to address these issues.
A study of Rwandan young adults reveals modest strengths in some areas of digital financial literacy but significant gaps, particularly in cybersecurity practices and use of financial products. Disparities were found by gender and education level, with men and higher-educated individuals showing more knowledge and skills.
Researchers have discovered daily cloud cycles on WASP-94A b, a Hot Jupiter planet, using data from the James Webb Space Telescope. The findings reveal different weather patterns on the morning and evening sides of the planet, with magnesium silicate clouds forming in the mornings and clearing up by nightfall. This breakthrough provide...
Researchers used JWST to observe WASP-94A b and found aerosols dominated by condensation-driven clouds. Clouds form on cooler side, circulate, and evaporate as they move into the hotter day side.
A genomic study of German burial sites found that people from the Western Funnel Beaker culture were more closely related to neighboring Wartberg communities than previously understood. The findings suggest that kinship, mobility, and social exchange connected megalithic populations across great distances.
Scientists analyzed GPS tracking data from 37 animal species paired with cellphone location data to reveal how humans impact wildlife. The study found that 57% of species were impacted by human presence and landscape modification, with varied responses between species.
A new study found that wildlife responds to both direct human presence and landscape changes, such as agriculture and urbanization. The researchers tracked 37 species across the US using GPS devices and mobile phone data, finding that over 65% of species changed their behavior in response to human presence.
Researchers at the Flatiron Institute and Boston University have developed a new technique using tensor networks to simulate complex quantum systems, demonstrating that classical computers can tackle previously thought-to-be-solvable-only-by-quantum-computers problems. This breakthrough opens new avenues for research on quantum dynamics.
A study proposes that sleep disruption may be connected to increased risk of dementia through the brain's waste clearance system. The glymphatic system, active during sleep, helps remove metabolic waste, and its disruption may lead to cognitive decline.
A large-scale study reveals that human presence is a major ecological force shaping wildlife behavior, with 65% of species affected by direct human activity. This has significant implications for conservation efforts, as it highlights the need to consider the impact of human presence on wildlife habitats and interactions.
Scientists found that larger rewards can increase dopamine signals and lead to faster learning. Mice learned a task in one day with fewer large rewards compared to thousands of small ones. The study's findings have implications for neuroscience research and could lead to new discoveries on learning and cognition.
The study reveals widespread GenAI use among students, with higher adoption in STEM fields and notable differences across disciplines. The findings raise concerns about unequal access to AI tools and literacy, highlighting the need for reforms tailored to individual disciplines.
A team of researchers from the University of Michigan and other institutions developed a quantitative measure to quantify complexity in nanomaterials. The metric enables engineers to design materials with unique properties not seen in natural or existing man-made materials.
Researchers describe Tylosaurus rex, a massive mosasaur with finely serrated teeth, from 80-million-year-old fossils found primarily in northern Texas. The new species is estimated to be around 43 feet long and had strong jaw and neck muscles suggesting it was a powerful predator.
A new study reveals that two-thirds of TV news segments on climate change don't cover policy, despite public support. Only 71% of opposing coverage expresses actual opposition views.
A new study warns that the UK's failure to protect the most vulnerable people from extreme heat is becoming a public health threat. The research highlights gaps in building regulations, weak enforcement, and low public awareness as key factors contributing to the problem.
A study published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B found that Azara's owl monkeys have gained an average of 4% weight over two decades due to rising temperatures, contradicting Bergmann's rule. The researchers suggest that warmer temperatures may have allowed young monkeys to invest extra energy in growth
Researchers discovered that overproduction of a DNA repair protein creates DNA damage mimicking BRCA mutations, which may respond to targeted treatments. Tumors with high levels of EXO1 protein exhibit characteristics similar to BRCA-mutant cells, suggesting personalized therapies could be effective.
Philip Tai, PhD, received a $1.6 million grant to investigate AAV vector mechanisms using high-resolution DNA sequencing technology. His findings could lead to new vector designs that improve gene therapy treatments' safety. The goal is to remove mutations that cause cancer-causing integration into host cells.
The UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science has received a seven-year, $50 million grant from the NIH. The funding supports collaboration among researchers at multiple UMass campuses and clinical partners.
A recent study maps the evolutionary history of hawkmoths, revealing a co-evolutionary arms race between these insects and flowers. The relationship leads to a cycle of nectar spur lengthening and proboscis evolution, with some species developing long tongues to feed on specific orchids.
The University of Texas at Arlington has joined a statewide program to help address the shortage of K-12 computer science teachers in Texas. The WeTeach_CS Secondary Certification Preparation Hub provides training for teachers to implement computer science education, with UTA faculty providing mentoring and support.
A study by Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that polarized elections don't affect citizens' support for democratic norms. Winning voters are more satisfied with democracy, but differences in basic principle support are small and consistent across polarization levels.
A study by the University of East London found that simple digital finance tools like mobile money can improve small businesses' long-term competitiveness. The research showed that firms benefited most when digital finance became an integral part of their daily operations, leading to gains in efficiency, customer service, and flexibility.