Researchers reconstructed 16,000 years of summer temperature changes in the Western Balkans using lake sediments and tiny insects. The findings show that temperatures warmed by up to 2.9°C between 11,800 and 11,400 years ago, and cooled by 2.3°C during the Younger Dryas event.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine report a 96% survival rate among children with severe aplastic anemia treated with half-matched bone marrow transplants from family donors. The approach expands access to potentially curative treatment, with patients experiencing strong engraftment and durable survival rates.
A new review of 30 studies found that co-viewing with parents and choosing prosocial content can help young viewers make sense of what they see. Heavy screen use can also lead to sleep problems and push out other activities.
A new AI-powered tool allows for precise estimates of bee activity, complementing traditional methods in pollinator monitoring. The tool, developed by UMass Amherst ecologist Laura Figueroa, uses audio recordings to identify bee species, achieving high precision rates and correlation with visual observations.
Researchers found evidence of avian influenza infections in polar bears in eastern Greenland, highlighting the growing concern of disease transmission in Arctic ecosystems. The study suggests that climate change is increasing the bears' exposure to new pathogens, making them more vulnerable to infections.
Researchers from the University of Ottawa and collaborators developed brain-inspired computing systems, promising a fundamentally different way to process information. These emerging technologies will lead to physical devices that are dramatically more energy-efficient, faster, and adaptive, enabling greener technology and smarter wear...
A new trial shows that a shorter three-week radiation course is as safe and effective as the standard five-week treatment for women undergoing breast reconstruction. The RT CHARM trial found no increase in complications or effects on reconstruction efforts.
The research team developed a fully tunable on-chip meta-generator, enabling compact control of structured light fields with high mechanical stability and multi-dimensional tunability. The platform achieves breakthroughs in waveguide mode multiplexing and full-surface dynamic remapping across diverse Poincaré spheres.
Researchers have investigated the motion of liquid membrane structures, revealing a regime intermediate between liquid interfaces and elastic membranes. The study finds that liquid membranes exhibit entropy-dominated bending dynamics, differing from enthalpy-driven processes in lipid membranes.
The MEDA-PKD platform uses real-time data from clinical practice and research to provide insights for personalized care. The platform has demonstrated medically relevant insights, such as slowing down kidney function loss with tolvaptan treatment.
The SpongeBoost project aims to restore natural water retention in European landscapes through innovative approaches and community engagement. Nominations are open until October 31, 2026, for projects that demonstrate effective restoration, collaboration, and environmental education.
Climate change may have enabled Candida auris to become a deadly fungal pathogen worldwide, with a high mortality rate in cases of blood infection. Researchers propose early warning systems and preventive measures to tackle the spread of fungal diseases.
A recent study in Finland found that reindeer grazing reduces tree and understorey roots, particularly in the upper 0-5 cm of soil, and changes root structure, which may impact water and nutrient uptake. This could have significant effects on forest carbon and nutrient cycling.
Swiss barn owls have evolved to become more reddish-brown and heavily spotted over 30 years, driven by natural selection. Their plumage colour is linked to fertility and hunting strategies, with spotted owls appearing more resilient to stress and diet.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a key driver of autoimmune diseases, with each disease having unique barriers to treatment. The review proposes a single therapeutic target, targeting the interconnected regulatory network of five pathways, including NRF2, AMPK, SIRT1, and mitophagy.
Professor James Ebdon, an environmental microbiologist, has been named winner of the John Snow Public Health Innovation Prize for his work on water and sanitation. He has made significant contributions to understanding the role of water and sanitation in the spread and control of water-related diseases.
Professor Stephen Obaro has been recognized for his work in applying microbiological insights to inform policy and drive systemic change. His research focuses on reducing preventable childhood deaths from infectious diseases, with evidence generated from his studies helping to inform global vaccine development and disease surveillance ...
Tamim Asfour has made significant contributions to the development of humanoid robots that can perform complex tasks and learn from humans. His research has led to the creation of cognitive robots with episodic memory, enabling them to store, retrieve, and describe experiences in natural language.
A new materials library was created to improve sodium-ion battery performance, with iron and vanadium linked to higher energy storage and stability. The library could eventually allow AI to identify new battery compositions before they are made, accelerating the development of better sodium-ion batteries.
Global measles vaccination rates for children under 5 have declined post COVID-19, with estimated cases rising 40% from 11.1 million in 2019 to 15.6 million in 2023. The resurgence coincides with COVID-19-related disruptions to immunization programs and health systems.
Researchers found quercetin slowed lung cancer cell division and reduced oxidative stress, while increasing Interferon-alpha-2 and gut microbiome, suggesting a potential quercetin-rich diet for lung cancer treatment and prevention
A study by Anglia Ruskin University identifies Jeronimus Cornelisz, a 17th century trader, as the world's first corporate psychopath, exhibiting modern toxic leadership traits 400 years ago. The research found that Cornelisz displayed all 10 core characteristics associated with corporate psychopaths, including manipulating followers an...
Researchers have developed a new optogenetic tool that selectively inhibits neurons and heart muscle cells by activating a G-protein-coupled signaling pathway with blue light. The tool, Opn4L/GIRK1, has been shown to decrease the spontaneous beating rate of human heart muscle cells and inhibit the activity of cerebellar neurons.
A study of 1,300 students aged 10-18 found that motivation and responsibility are crucial in preventing bullying in physical education. Students who are more motivated to participate in physical education are more likely to show personal responsibility and actively intervene when faced with unfair situations.
A new review examines how gut microbiota and metabolites reshape liver immunity and propose strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance. The review discusses four major directions of gut microbiota intervention, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, engineered bacteria, and metabolite-based interventions.
Researchers at HIPS used AI to design new building blocks for active ingredient production, resulting in functional proteins with improved pharmaceutical properties. The AI-designed building blocks increased yield up to three times compared to natural variants, making it easier to obtain new compounds for research and development.
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo used integrated forensic methods to analyze a single tooth, revealing clues about birth year, age at death, dietary patterns, drug exposure, biological sex, and DNA profile. Stable carbon isotope analysis and amino acid racemization provided accurate estimates of birth year and age at death.
The book examines the security challenges and emerging practices associated with Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), including blockchain, cryptography, and steganography. It discusses secure authentication, data transmission, and strategies for improving system reliability and resilience across various industries.
The review highlights the importance of protein homeostasis in donor cells, particularly in the context of senescence and extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo. Researchers propose targeted clearance of misfolded proteins, such as oxidized SOD1, as a pre-transplant strategy to improve therapies for various diseases.
Researchers propose a new approach to targeted chemotherapy, using pH-sensitive polymers to release drugs at acidic tumor sites. The system relies on glucose priming to transiently widen the pH gradient, triggering release from ultra-pH-sensitive carriers. This approach aims to overcome the limitations of current chemotherapy, which of...
This edited volume examines the evolution of staycations, rural hospitality, eco-tourism, and wellness tourism, highlighting their economic, cultural, and environmental significance. Researchers and practitioners explore contemporary themes, including workcation culture and social media marketing.
AI is increasingly being used in stroke rehabilitation to predict recovery trajectories and monitor motor function, providing adaptive and continuous care. The review highlights the need for standardized outcome measures and data pipelines to determine the clinical impact of AI-based monitoring.
Researchers have developed a triple-layered artificial nerve conduit embedded with living cells that steers nerve regrowth across deep gaps, achieving functional recovery in rats that rivals a natural graft. The bioprinted nerve 'railway tracks' guide regenerating tissue, promoting axon-guidance genes and restoring electrical impulses.
A meter-scale flapping-wing robot demonstrates the benefits of low-angle takeoff, increasing flight distance by 49% and horizontal distance by 123%. The robot's ability to control pitch attitude through the flapping-pitch effect enables early acceleration and speed advantage.
Researchers identified cell-type-specific circadian gene programs and phase-specific pathway activities in liver and skeletal muscle. The study provides evidence for a cell-type-resolved circadian landscape and candidate transcription factors, suggesting potential circadian therapeutic windows.
A new study warns of the increasing impact of climate change, urban living, and digital misinformation on sleep health across Europe. The researchers call for coordinated action to protect sleep health, improve sleep health literacy, and tackle structural inequalities.
The strain accelerates wheat straw decomposition, reduces fungal proliferation, and decreases aflatoxin content, promoting peanut seedling growth and supporting sustainable agriculture. SQ1 functions as a dual-purpose biocatalyst, breaking down cellulose and inhibiting fungal growth.
A new study has reconstructed the genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula between the 1st and 8th centuries CE, revealing that Roman Hispania's genetic legacy survived the arrivals of the Suebi, Alans and Visigoths. The study found that Roman rule created an extraordinarily diverse society due to population movements across the Medite...
Jennifer Lewis, a Harvard professor, has been elected to the National Academy of Medicine for her pioneering work in 3D bioprinting and vascularized organoids. Her research focuses on developing functional materials for applications in printed electronics, artificial muscles, and human tissue engineering.
Researchers found women can expect to spend more years over their lifetimes caring for aging family members or friends, with a 3-year gap from men. This disparity extends to caring for parents, grandparents, and extended family and friends, highlighting the need for increased support and resources for caregivers.
A McGill University study found that Montrealers reduced their outdoor activities by only 5.8% when wildfire smoke warnings were issued, switching to more enclosed modes like bikeshare and public transit. The researchers suggest pairing advisories with practical incentives to encourage compliance.
Maladaptive brain-state locking (MBSL) is a lifespan hypothesis suggesting that distinct disorders converge on impaired state-transition or recovery dynamics. Candidate features include abnormal persistence, impaired transition, and delayed recovery, with lifespan timing and regional context modifying phenotypic expression.
A massive, 1-mile-thick ice shelf in Baffin Bay helped lock in three of the largest ice sheets in northern Canada and Greenland, contributing to hundreds of feet of sea-level rise. The discovery provides new insights into the future of Antarctica's massive ice sheets and the potential for sea-level rise.
Researchers discovered a signalling system regulated by metabolites that extends lifespan and delays age-related decline in animals. Muscle tissue produces the metabolite dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which is transported to other tissues to maintain protein homeostasis and tissue health.
Physicists at Northwestern University trap and cool a single positron, creating a controlled quantum state that allows for precise measurement of its magnetic properties. This breakthrough could reveal a crack in the Standard Model, offering new insights into the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered distinct astrocyte subtypes, CD51+ and CD51-, which have specialized jobs in forming synapses, shaping memory circuits and aiding recovery after stroke. These findings challenge the long-held assumption that astrocytes are uniform support cells.
Researchers discovered a new role for Wee1 in healthy cells, which could explain toxic side effects in cancer patients. Wee1 helps switch off a protein degradation complex, delaying cell division. This finding may lead to more targeted therapies and identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment.
A mouse study of Angelman syndrome identifies a potential opportunity to restore healthy neurodevelopment by targeting the buildup of a normally harmless enzyme, asparagine synthetase. The findings suggest that the enzyme's accumulation triggers a stress response that impairs brain growth.
A recent study found that overdose-reversing drug naloxone use did not increase relative to the number of overdoses in the US since 2023. Instead, nonfatal drug overdoses fell by 20.9% and opioid-related overdoses dropped by 32.7%.
Researchers have discovered a new way in which the Andes virus captures its receptor on human cells, a finding that could lead to effective therapies. The study reveals details on the molecular specifics of the interaction, including a deep groove or pocket that limits antibody access.
Zeolites can catalyze new olefin carbonylation reactions, enabling the selective production of chemical building blocks. The team discovered a key design principle: the location and size of zeolite pores determine which olefin molecules can be selectively carbonylated.
A Lehigh-led team is developing an AI platform called UniBrain to simplify brain imaging analysis, reducing the time and expertise required. The platform aims to unify image preprocessing and downstream brain network analysis, integrating information from multiple imaging modalities.
A study from Northwestern University found that a personalized fitness program for liver transplant candidates can significantly improve frailty and reduce mortality risk by 50%. The program, called prehabilitation, was linked to a lower risk of dying while awaiting a transplant.
Researchers at FAU's Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute will investigate environmental and biological mechanisms driving harmful algal blooms in subtropical estuaries. The project aims to refine predictive models to mitigate blooms in other estuaries, with potential economic benefits of $28.3 billion.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology developed a new optimisation method for near-optimal large-scale fleet control, accounting for uncertainties in real-world transport systems. The method combines machine learning techniques with advanced optimisation models to predict travel demand and charger availability, improving fle...
Canadian Science Publishing launches a new collection of French-language scientific articles, strengthening the creation, dissemination, and mobilization of scientific knowledge in French. The inaugural collection features 14 articles exploring topics of significant importance, including forestry, Indigenous knowledge, and biodiversity.
New research models energy demand extremes in the US, finding that technology diffusion may have a larger impact than climate change on peak demands in certain regions. The study considers four climate change scenarios and 18 technology diffusion pathways in 183 counties across the US, projecting changes in extreme peak demands.
The BabyMERIT trial will evaluate trametinib in infants with Noonan syndrome and related conditions who develop severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a potentially life-threatening condition. The study aims to improve outcomes for these young patients by targeting a molecular pathway known to drive these disorders.
A new open-source software package called PFclassify enables researchers to classify and quantify unprocessed and processed meats into separate subtypes, providing more accurate nutrition data. This gives scientists a standardized workflow to examine meat subtype-specific dietary intake, supporting more transparent and higher quality d...
Researchers have found that supernovae may not have played a central role in reionizing the early universe, contrary to long-held theory. Instead, young stars may have helped radiation escape, with winds from supernovae creating a barrier to ionizing radiation.