Researchers have found that temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in American alligators is linked to the thermosensor protein TRPV4. The study shows that warm temperatures activate cell signaling, influencing gene expression and leading to partial feminization at male-producing temperatures.
Researchers used COMPADRE database to study 418 plant species, finding half of variation in life history is caused by growth rate and reproductive strategy. The study suggests understanding these patterns can help predict population persistence, extinction, and diversification.
Researchers used computer simulations to determine that plesiosaurs flapped their front flippers in an underwater flight motion, similar to that of a penguin, to achieve propulsion. The rear flippers were likely used for steering and stability, contradicting previous assumptions about their role.
Three new species of fishing snakes were identified in the Andean cloud forests of Amazonian Ecuador and Peru, with differences found in scale features, male sexual organs, and DNA. The discovery expands the Synophis genus to eight members and highlights the biodiversity hotspot in western South America.
Researchers use CT scans and 3D models to study a 90-million-year-old skull, revealing that snakes evolved to live in burrows and lost their limbs as a result. The discovery confirms Dinilysia patagonica as the largest burrowing snake ever known.
A comprehensive genomic study of turtle shells has identified unique adaptations in genes that control hard cutaneous layers, dating back to the evolution of claws and feathers. The study also reveals a shared genetic organization between turtles and humans, highlighting the common ancestry of these defense mechanisms.
The corn snake genome has been sequenced for the first time, providing valuable insights into reptile evolution and genetic diversity. The study aims to understand how snakes lost their limbs and developed various skin colorations, shedding light on the evolutionary processes that shaped these animals.
A recent study reveals that reptile pets can shuttle grasshopper allergy and asthma into homes. Researchers found that insects used as reptile food can cause allergic reactions, even after exposure has ceased. Experts recommend keeping reptile food outside of homes to prevent this issue.
A new study on the fossil bone growth of Ophiacodon, a distant relative of mammals, reveals that it was at least partly 'warm-blooded', challenging the long-held theory of its origin. The findings suggest that mammalian endothermy evolved earlier than previously thought, dating back to the late Carboniferous period.
Researchers have discovered that ancient elasmosaurs, such as Aristonectes and Morturneria, used a comb-like structure in their jaws to strain out food particles from the water. This unique feeding style is similar to that of modern baleen whales and allows for efficient collection of food particles.
Researchers have discovered highly conserved DNA sequences in non-coding regions of insect genomes, which are remarkably preserved for at least 180 million years. These findings provide new insights into the evolution of ancient animal ancestors and their influence on modern species.
A study by the University of Exeter found that female insects are more likely to have multiple partners in colder climates and prefer monogamy in hotter conditions. The research suggests that an individual's genes play a significant role in determining their mating behavior.
A new study found that a 2°C warmer climate may lead to rapid population extinctions in common lizards, with up to 30% of European populations at risk. The researchers used experimental conditions to simulate warmer climates and observed increased adult mortality, decreased population growth rates, and a shift in demographic strategy.
A University of Tennessee study found that Caucasian parsley frogs rely on insect-rich bat guano for food in limestone caves. The research highlights the critical role bats play in maintaining cave ecosystems and underscores the need to protect small bat colonies.
A study of fossil species on Great Abaco Island reveals that humans were more significant a threat to island biodiversity than climate change. The discovery highlights the impact of human activities such as habitat alteration and introduction of invasive species, which can lead to rapid extinctions.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine have discovered a mechanism that restricts human eye growth and prevents myopia. The study found that LRP2 acts as a clearance receptor for the growth factor Sonic Hedgehog, preventing overgrowth of the mammalian eye.
Researchers at the University of Georgia found that the same genetic tools responsible for limb development in animals also control the formation of external genitalia in snakes. The study suggests that snakes retained DNA associated with limb development through millions of generations, as it may have been important for their reproduc...
Researchers have found that snakes share similar genetic patterns with mammals and birds in their limbs and genitalia, suggesting a common ancestry. The study's findings suggest that these genetic elements may play a crucial role in phallus development and genital shape variation among species.
Research reveals that fluctuating sea levels and global cooling led to a significant decline in the number of crocodylian species over millions of years. The study found that changes in climate had a major impact on these creatures, with many surviving only in warmer parts of the world.
The Queensland University of Technology has created a virtual dinosaur zoo featuring five iconic Australian species, including Australovenator and Muttaburrasaurus. The interactive learning display allows for realistic movements and behaviors, backed by the latest research and evidence.
Researchers found high mercury levels in Amazonian reptiles, with liver concentrations above recommended limits for pregnant women and children. The study suggests using reptiles as indicators of environmental mercury concentrations, shedding light on the region's mercury cycling.
Bunostegos' forelimb anatomy reveals unique characteristics allowing it to stand with legs under the body. This finding indicates the earliest known example of an upright posture in pre-reptiles, dating back 260 million years.
A study by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine researchers reveals that evolution can be highly predictable in terms of developing toxin resistance. Convergent evolution of two amino acid changes in a specific gene leads to the development of toxin resistance in various animals, including insects, reptiles, and mammals.
A 260-million-year-old fossil species, Eunotosaurus africanus, provides crucial information into the origins of turtles. The study reveals that early turtles had a quicker bite than modern ones, with the skull of Eunotosaurus showing diapsid characteristics, challenging the long-held notion of turtles being an ancient reptile lineage.
Researchers analyze 260-million-year-old skull of Eunotosaurus africanus to understand turtle origins. They find evidence of diapsid condition, a characteristic shared with modern reptiles and birds.
A study found that island-dwelling Balkan green lizards have a longer small intestine and hindgut compared to their mainland counterparts. They also possess cecal valves, which slow down food passage and provide fermenting chambers, allowing them to digest more plant material.
Researchers from KIT developed a process to transfer scale structure of reptiles to components of electromechanical systems. The results show that narrow scale structures increase friction under both lubricated and non-lubricated conditions, while wide scales reduce friction by more than 40%.
Vertebrates show variation in species numbers among groups, with land animals exhibiting higher diversification rates, suggests a study by UA evolutionary biologist John Wiens. Habitat is likely a more important variable than climate or metabolic rate explaining species richness.
A Nova Southeastern University researcher has discovered a new deep-sea fish species, the Ceratioid anglerfish, found between 1,000-1,500 meters depth in the Gulf of Mexico. The three female specimens, considered type specimens, will reside in the Ichthyology Collection at the University of Washington.
A new study reveals that the distinctive, saw-like tooth structure of theropod dinosaurs enabled them to effectively process food, contributing to their success as predators. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of dinosaur dentition and has implications for our understanding of these ancient creatures.
The discovery of Tetrapodophis amplectus, a four-legged snake fossil from Brazil's Crato Formation, supports the idea that snakes evolved from burrowing ancestors. The species' unique features, including short snout and flexible jaw, suggest it was adapted for grasping prey or clasp during mating.
A global study found that large animals consume a broader range of seed sizes than previously thought, posing a risk to smaller plant species. The research, led by UNSW Australia scientists, analyzed over 13,000 animal-seed interactions and showed that even small seeds are vulnerable if large animals disappear.
Researchers describe skull, skeleton, and dental replacement of Tiarajudens eccentricus, a Brazilian species with remarkable features. The discovery reveals that head-butting and canine display during male-male combat were already present in mammals 270 million years ago.
A new $20,000 grant from the National Geographic Society will support Chan Kin Onn's research on revealing the hidden diversity and riverscape genetics of reptiles and amphibians in Malaysia. Through genetic analysis and ecological niche modeling, Chan aims to catalog and conserve species threatened by habitat destruction.
Researchers used CT scans to study the brain anatomy of ichthyosaurs, revealing an enlarged olfactory region suggesting a key role for smell. The findings also show that vision was crucial for these marine predators.
A new study found that wild swings in climate and lack of consistently abundant vegetation prevented large plant-eating dinosaurs from dominating tropical regions. Fluctuating environments and extreme seasonal shifts made it unreliable for dinosaur herbivores to establish themselves.
Triceratops teeth have five layers of tissue, each with a unique function, allowing them to slice through dense material and vary their diet. The discovery reveals complex dental structures among dinosaurs, inspiring new engineering techniques.
A study found that about 3% of critically endangered smalltooth sawfish are products of virgin births, with no genetic diversity loss. Researchers hope this discovery may help save the species from extinction due to overfishing and habitat loss.
Researchers from the University of Sydney have found a humane way to kill cane toads by placing them in a refrigerator for a few hours before transferring them to a freezer. This method induces unconsciousness without causing pain, solving a long-standing dilemma for communities affected by the invasive species.
Researchers from Yale University have reconstructed the ancestral snake's body plan, revealing a nocturnal, stealth-hunting predator with complete ankles and toes. The study sheds light on the origin of snakes, which originated around 128.5 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous period.
Researchers from Oregon State University found zebrafish produce a chemical called gadusol to protect against UV radiation. Gadusol's successful production in yeast opens the door to large-scale commercialization.
Researchers discovered that many fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds can naturally produce gadusol, a compound providing protection from ultraviolet sunlight. This ability may have been obtained through prehistoric genetic engineering, with the gene found in algae transferring it to vertebrate animals.
A Princeton University study found that male and female Stegosaurus had distinct plate shapes, with females having shorter and wider plates and males having taller and narrower ones. This discovery sheds light on sexual dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs, challenging previous assumptions.
The eardrum evolved independently in mammals and diapsids, depending on lower jaw formation in mammals and upper jaw development in diapsids. The study used developmental biology techniques to overcome the lack of fossil evidence for eardrum evolution.
Researchers suggest families choose pet species that carry fewer diseases, such as dogs or cats, and follow general recommendations like handwashing and cleaning cages. The review aims to reduce zoonotic disease transmission among vulnerable groups, including infants and those with compromised immune systems.
Household pets can transmit infection to people, especially those with weak immune systems. Surprisingly, the general public and people at high risk for pet-associated disease are not aware of the risks associated with high-risk pet practices or recommendations to reduce them.
A scientific review synthesizes decades of discoveries on the evolution of whales, dolphins, seals, and other species that adapted to aquatic environments. The study highlights how life in the ocean has responded to environmental change over time, informing an understanding of human impacts on marine species today.
Scientists discovered that a species of bone-eating worm, Osedax, originated at least 100 million years ago and subsisted on prehistoric reptile bones. The discovery suggests that Osedax may have prevented many skeletons from becoming fossilized, affecting our knowledge of extinct marine life.
Six CCNY graduates have been named National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellows for their exceptional proposals in biology, environmental engineering, bioengineering, chemical engineering, and geochemistry. The fellowships provide annual stipends and cost-of-education allowances to support graduate study.
Scientists at the University of Granada have confirmed Bergmann's rule for ectotherms, revealing that long-tailed lizards are larger and retain heat longer in high-altitude habitats. This study resolves decades-long debates on the mechanism behind the Bergmann clines, showing that larger animals indeed have slower cooling rates.
A team of scientists plans to take core samples from the Chicxulub impact crater, 65.5 million years old and associated with the mass extinction event that wiped out dinosaurs. The expedition will aim to uncover details about the impact and shed light on the mechanisms of large impacts on Earth and other rocky planets.
Scientists have discovered a 100-million-year-old insect fossil that shows an adult female insect caring for its young, a behavior previously unknown to exist during the Mesozoic era. This discovery pushes back the earliest direct evidence of insect brood care by more than 50 million years.
Two new species of Saurichthys, a predatory ray-finned fish, have been discovered in Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. These ancient fishes exhibit distinct skull and body shapes, suggesting different hunting styles and habitats, contributing to their evolutionary success.
The $670,797 grant will support research on biodiversity in West and Central Africa, with a focus on amphibian and reptile wildlife. The project aims to identify the processes driving high species diversity in the region and develop efficient approaches for maintaining biodiversity.
A Louisiana State University chemistry professor has secured a grant to study the habits of the elusive three-toed amphiuma. The research aims to document the animal's life cycle and determine if they are territorial using radio transmitters, underwater cameras, and video recordings.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that fence failures can negate the effectiveness of ecopassages in reducing reptile road mortality. Despite the use of ecopassages, turtle abundance on roads remained unchanged, and dead snakes and turtles increased after mitigation measures were implemented.
A newly discovered crocodilian ancestor, Carnufex carolinensis, filled one of North America's top predator roles before dinosaurs arrived on the continent. The 9-foot long land-dwelling crocodylomorph likely preyed upon smaller inhabitants like armored reptiles and early mammal relatives.
A new study identifies 15 animal species at the highest risk of extinction due to low conservation opportunities. Researchers estimate that conserving these species would require a significant investment of $1.3 billion annually.
Researchers at Université de Genève discover that chameleons change colors through the active tuning of a lattice of nanocrystals in iridophores. This unique system allows for rapid shifts between efficient camouflage and spectacular display, while also providing passive thermal protection.
A long-term study on house sparrows found that offspring of older parents produced fewer young. This transgenerational age effect was confirmed by researchers for the first time in free-living animals.