Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have developed a key process for next-gen X-ray lasers, demonstrating the use of synthetic diamond crystal mirrors to steer X-ray pulses around a rectangular racetrack. The achievement marks an important step towards creating brighter and more stable X-ray laser pulses.
Researchers discovered δ-FAPbI3 as a promising material for X-ray detection due to its high ion mobility barriers, low Young's modulus, and exceptional long-term stability. This enables the creation of ultra-stable imaging applications with high sensitivity and low detection limits.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan have developed a new method to incorporate used plastic bottles into clay soil stabilization in landfills, strengthening the soil and preventing pollutants from escaping. This innovative approach has the potential to divert millions of metric tons of plastic waste from landfills each year.
Researchers developed a convolutional neural network to identify structures in cryo-X-Ray-microscopy data, achieving high accuracy within minutes. The AI-based analysis method enables faster evaluation of 3D X-ray data sets and has potential applications in studying cell responses to environmental influences.
Researchers introduce a novel class of X-ray scintillators based on monodisperse copper-iodine clusters, demonstrating remarkable sensitivity and stability. The copper-iodide cluster-based microcubes exhibit excellent scintillation performance and exceptional water resistance, making them suitable for large-area flexible X-ray detectors.
Lead-free Cs3MnBr5 anti-perovskite nanocrystals embedded in glass matrices enable tunable emission and ultra-stable X-ray imaging. The results achieve exceptional X-ray detection limits, spatial resolutions, and dose irradiation stability.
Researchers have found evidence of a demolition-derby-like collision of stars or stellar remnants in the chaotic region near an ancient galaxy's supermassive black hole. This suggests that stars can meet their demise in some of the densest regions of the Universe, potentially creating gamma-ray bursts.
An international team of scientists has discovered an echo emitted by the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, which emerged from a long period of dormancy 200 years ago. The black hole, four million times more massive than the Sun, gobbled up cosmic objects before re-entering quiescence.
The LHAASO collaboration has measured the complete high-energy light curve of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) for the first time, including its entire phase from rise to decay. This observation provides a perfect dataset for testing theoretical models and could remain one of the best results for decades or centuries.
Researchers have successfully characterized a single atom using X-ray beams, detecting its elemental type and chemical properties. This breakthrough could revolutionize fields like quantum information technology, environmental science, and medical research by enabling the study of individual atoms.
Researchers found GRB 221009A's jet exhibited a narrow core with wide sloping wings, differing from standard jets. This unique structure may explain the event's extreme energy release and prolonged visibility.
The team created a new technique using Compton scattering to generate high-resolution images of biological structures at very low X-ray doses. This method allows imaging to be performed at less than 1% of the X-ray damage threshold of the specimen, enabling images with a resolution of 70 nanometres.
Researchers successfully detect X-ray signature of individual atoms, enabling the identification of materials at an atomic level. The breakthrough technique has potential applications in environmental and medical sciences, as well as advancing technology.
A previously unidentified marine reptile fossil from Svalbard has been classified using X-ray analysis, providing unique insights into ancient life in the Norwegian archipelago. The study's findings suggest that fossils from this formation are particularly well-suited for radiographic imaging due to the presence of sulfur minerals.
A New Jersey Institute of Technology research team has been awarded a $4.64 million grant to continue studying the Sun's explosive activity at Big Bear Solar Observatory. The team will use the observatory's unique imaging capabilities and stable seeing conditions to investigate solar phenomenon as activity on the Sun ramps up.
Researchers discovered that black hole jets exhibit surprising variability in x-ray emissions over short time scales, contradicting a long-held theory. This finding opens up new possibilities for understanding particle acceleration in these jets and potentially elsewhere in the universe.
Astronomers using Hubble have found evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole in the globular star cluster Messier 4, weighing approximately 800 solar masses. The discovery uses precise measurements of stellar motion to rule out alternative theories and suggests a single, compact black hole at the center.
A team of astronomers has observed the most luminous quasar in 9 billion years, shedding light on its interaction with its environment. The study found that the quasar's black hole is growing at a rate of 100 solar masses per year and emitting powerful winds into the host galaxy.
Researchers developed apochromatic X-ray lenses with sub-micrometer accuracy, achieving focus over an X-ray energy range from 7 to 12 keV. The technology holds promise for laboratory and accelerator-based applications in materials science, energy sciences, and biology.
A new study from NASA's Chandra program reveals that exploded stars can pose a significant risk to nearby planets due to intense X-ray radiation, potentially altering atmospheric chemistry and causing mass extinctions.
Researchers at KAIST have successfully developed a new X-ray microscope technology that can overcome the resolution limitations of existing microscopes. This breakthrough enables high-resolution imaging of nanoscale structures, with a resolution of 14 nm, which is comparable to that of electron microscopes. The technology uses random d...
A printable multi-energy X-ray detector made from perovskite thin films has been developed with enhanced flexibility and sensitivity. The detector can operate in a broad energy range, from 0.1 KeV to tens of KeV, making it suitable for real-time detection and imaging applications such as disease diagnosis and explosives detection.
The detection of GRB 221009A marks the most energetic gamma-ray burst ever observed, with a luminosity surpassing that of entire galaxies and hundreds of billions of stars. The event was followed up by space-based telescopes, including the James Webb Space Telescope, which provided insight into its properties.
Astronomers have shed new light on the origin of gamma-ray bursts using the brightest ever recorded event, GRB 221009A. The study reveals a complex jet producing both visible and X-ray light, as well as unexpected excess millimeter and radio emission.
Astronomers analyzed data from numerous spacecraft and observatories to characterize the brightness of a gamma-ray burst detected on October 9, 2022. The burst, known as BOAT, was found to be 70 times brighter than any previously seen, occurring once in every 10,000 years.
The Swift Observatory team, led by Maia Williams, detected the brightest gamma-ray burst ever recorded, GRB 221009A. The burst was incredibly bright and had an afterglow that was more than 10 times brighter than any previous observation.
A new study found that eating walnuts may alter the mix of gut microbes in a way that increases the body's production of amino acid L-homoarginine, which has been linked to lower cardiovascular risk. Researchers also discovered higher levels of certain bacteria in the gut of participants on the walnut diet.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has captured a dynamic animation of the gamma-ray sky, revealing frenzied activity over nearly 15 years. The data, now publicly available, includes records of source brightness changes and sheds light on blazars and multimessenger astronomy.
Researchers developed a dark current model for thick perovskite X-ray detectors, finding that thermionic-emission and generation-recombination currents are key contributors. The study reveals the importance of suppressing generation-recombination current due to hetero-band mismatch and interface defects.
The National Science Foundation has awarded Arizona State University $90.8 million to advance x-ray science, including the construction of the world's first Compact X-ray Free Electron Laser. This technology will enable researchers to explore complex matter at atomic length and ultrafast time, paving the way for breakthroughs in human ...
Researchers used machine learning to classify hundreds of thousands of X-ray objects, discovering thousands of new cosmic objects including black holes and neutron stars. This breakthrough establishes a state-of-the-art capacity for applying machine learning techniques in fundamental astronomy research.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a new method to evaluate X-ray microbeam diameter using mathematical analysis, outperforming conventional methods. The uniform evaluation method is expected to be widely adopted as an international standard.
A team of researchers has successfully modeled the complex fluctuations in soft X-ray signals detected by satellites using numerical methods. They were able to capture how the signal varied with the orbital motion of the satellite and reproduce it up to a factor of two, an impressive feat in the field.
Scientists at Göttingen University have created a novel approach to produce X-ray images in color from a single exposure, eliminating the need for focusing and scanning. This breakthrough method uses an X-ray color camera and a specially structured plate to capture the intensity pattern of fluorescing atoms in a sample.
Astronomers detected light patterns indicating the brief existence of superheavy neutron stars shortly before they collapsed into black holes. These mega neutron stars formed from the collision of two neutron stars and had nearly twice the size of a typical neutron star, spinning at nearly 78,000 times a minute.
KAUST researchers have designed and built novel organic scintillator materials for detecting X-rays at low doses, overcoming stability issues with existing ceramic or perovskite materials. The new approach uses heavy atoms to improve X-ray absorption capability and exciton utilization efficiency.
Researchers developed a new method using Bayesian estimation to reduce X-ray fluorescence analysis time from 7 seconds to 3 seconds per measurement point, saving up to 11 hours for large-scale elemental distributions.
Large gamma-ray emitting bubbles are produced by fast blowing outward winds and the associated reverse shock. Numerical simulations successfully reproduced the temperature profile observed by an X-ray telescope, supporting this scenario.
A German-made meridian circle was installed at the National Astronomical Observatory of Chile in 1911 to support international astronomy work, including establishing official time and cataloging stars. The precise performance relied on collaboration between the manufacturer, astronomer Friedrich W. Ristenpart, and local laborers.
A team of astrophysicists has successfully measured a gamma-ray burst's hidden energy by utilizing light polarization. The total explosion energy was found to be about 3.5 times bigger than previous estimates, shedding new light on the progenitor star's masses and the evolutionary history of the universe.
A Polish-German-Italian team developed a new simulation tool called XSPIN to simulate X-ray-induced demagnetisation in multilayer materials. The tool allows for control over laser pulse parameters, such as energy and duration, to achieve specified spatial and temporal scales.
Researchers observed a gamma-ray burst that defied categorization, sparking an international investigation. The team discovered a kilonova, a smoking-gun proof of neutron star collision, which challenged existing theories on short gamma-ray bursts.
The event challenged scientists' understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are the most powerful events in the universe. The burst's high-energy light and kilonova visible and infrared light were detected by NASA's Swift Observatory and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, providing new insights into how heavy elements are created.
A recent gamma-ray burst has been identified as a kilonova, shedding light on the merging of neutron stars and black holes. The event produced an excess of infrared light and lasted about a minute, contradicting the typical short duration of such explosions.
Two independent teams of astronomers detected the unexpected hallmarks of a kilonova after a long gamma-ray burst, challenging the prevailing theory that long GRBs exclusively come from supernovae. The discovery was made possible by the proximity of the event and the sensitivity of telescopes like Gemini North.
A blast of high-energy light from a galaxy 1 billion light-years away challenges long-held theories on gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The event, detected by NASA's Swift Observatory and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, reveals that kilonovae triggered by neutron star collisions can also produce long GRBs.
Researchers discovered a long-duration gamma-ray burst that defied prevailing theories, leading to the proposal of a new model for its origin. The unusual burst was found to have characteristics similar to those of short-duration bursts, challenging current understanding of gamma-ray burst formation.
A recent astronomical observation supports theoretical modeling, revealing a new observational fingerprint of neutron-star mergers that may shed light on the production of heavy elements throughout the universe. The detection pushes our understanding of gamma-ray bursts to the limits and breaks the standard idea of these events.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray technology that visualizes lung tissue microstructure, providing additional information for accurate diagnosis. Dark-field X-ray images can differentiate between diseased and healthy lung tissue, potentially replacing computed tomography (CT) for repeated examinations.
A new study suggests that ray-finned fish diversified earlier than previously thought, accumulating small changes before the Carboniferous period. The fossil specimen Palaeoneiros clackorum shows features typical of younger species, indicating a more complex picture of species diversification.
Researchers created synthetic knee x-ray images to complement real images in osteoarthritis classification. Medical experts were unable to distinguish between authentic and synthetic images, highlighting the potential of synthetic data for collaboration and testing.
Astronomers have discovered the closest-known black hole to Earth, a dormant stellar-mass black hole located about 1600 light-years away in the constellation Ophiuchus. This discovery was made possible by precise observations of the motion of the black hole's companion star using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph instrument.
A high-energy neutrino source has been detected in the spiral galaxy NGC 1068, providing new insights into the mysteries of active galaxies. The discovery was made using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and statistical methods, allowing researchers to distinguish between the weak signal and strong background noise.
A study of 389 Fortune 500 organizations found that female leaders prioritize customer relationships, driving long-term financial performance. Female executives are especially valuable in stable environments with a high degree of control over customer strategy.
Researchers propose a simple method to generate intense isolated attosecond x-ray pulses using wavefront control, overcoming previous limitations. The new approach requires only a 100 fs conventional laser, making it feasible for current FEL facilities.
A team of researchers has developed a method to derive the magnetopause position from wide field-of-view soft X-ray imager simulation. The Tangent Fitting Approach (TFA) enables reconstruction of the 3D magnetopause from a single X-ray image, providing clearer views of the Earth's magnetosphere.
A new method, XTEC, uses machine learning to analyze large volumes of X-ray data, revealing previously hidden structural changes in materials. This accelerates materials discoveries and unlocks new properties of temperature-sensitive devices.
Researchers recorded millimeter-wavelength light from a fiery explosion caused by the merger of a neutron star with another star, confirming it as one of the most energetic short-duration gamma-ray bursts ever observed. The results reveal that the explosion left behind one of the most luminous afterglows on record.
Astronomers have found that short gamma-ray bursts did not originate as castaways, but instead occurred in distant galaxies up to 10 billion light-years away. The discovery suggests that these events may have been more common in the past than expected and could have seeded the Universe with precious metals.
A new study using Chandra X-ray Observatory data reveals a deep connection between cosmic collisions and solar system phenomena. The research, led by Helen Russell from the University of Nottingham, shows that electrons are heated by compression of gas in galaxy clusters.