A systematic review of over 460 studies suggests that ibuprofen and acetaminophen are better options for relieving acute dental pain. The combination of 400mg ibuprofen and 1000mg acetaminophen was found to be superior to any opioid-containing medications.
A study aims to understand how innate immunity in young children generates and maintains natural protection against clinical malaria. Researchers will examine epigenetic regulation of monocyte functions using DNA methylation and histone proteins.
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found a link between impaired brain coordination and attention deficit disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. The study revealed that the ErbB4 gene helps coordinate brain regions to maintain attention.
The St. Baldrick's Foundation has awarded grants to support pediatric cancer research and novel immunotherapies for childhood cancers such as medulloblastoma and osteosarcoma. The funding will enable researchers to study the immune system's response to these tumors and develop targeted immunotherapy techniques.
Case Western Reserve University researchers achieve cat-like 'hearing' with a device tens of trillions of times smaller than the human eardrum, enabling ultralow-power communications and sensory devices with greater detection ranges.
Research reveals that women with rheumatic heart disease in Africa and Asia face a double danger: complications during pregnancy, and cultural pressures to become mothers. Health programs targeting the condition must prioritize female patients of childbearing age.
A research team at Case Western Reserve University is developing an AI-powered tool to analyze computerized images of tissue samples for patterns that can predict the risk of recurrence in oropharyngeal cancers. This could lead to more personalized treatment approaches for patients with these aggressive tumors.
A meta-analysis by Case Western Reserve University researcher Nathan Berger reveals that obesity increases risk of 13 different cancers in young adults, with certain cancers now reported in people under 50. Obesity can alter cellular mechanisms promoting cancer and increase cancer rates as it rises among younger demographics.
A clinical trial found that increasing inhaled steroids at the first signs of an asthma attack does not prevent attacks in children with mild to moderate asthma. Children in the high-dose group experienced slower growth rates compared to those on low-dose medication.
Researchers found that sucralose, a key ingredient in Splenda, promotes gut inflammation in mice with Crohn's-like disease, but has no effect on healthy mice. The study suggests that individuals with pro-inflammatory predispositions may be more susceptible to exacerbation of symptoms.
New guidelines aim to improve care transitions for adults with DMD, emphasizing psychosocial issues, care coordination, and quality of life. Revised recommendations focus on preventing disease complications through prevention, earlier diagnosis, and better treatment.
Researchers recorded electrical activity of hundreds of neurons in a mouse model for up to half an hour, discovering competing neural networks that operate at different timescales. The findings show that certain networks can synchronize their activity, while others slow down or speed up in a coordinated manner.
Richard Martin, MD, has received the Lifetime Achievement Award for his significant contributions to neonatal health through basic and translational research. He is recognized as an internationally respected authority in neonatology and a dedicated educator of pediatricians and neonatologists.
A study published in PNAS found that a protein called neuregulin 3 suppresses the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter essential for learning, in people with schizophrenia. The researchers used genetic and biochemical techniques to investigate how neuregulin 3 controls neurotransmitters in the brain.
A new computerized tissue-imaging program could identify lung cancer patients at higher risk of recurrence, allowing for targeted chemotherapy to be administered. The program, supported by a $3.16 million National Cancer Institute grant, uses digital images of tissue biopsies to analyze the shape and texture of cancer cells.
Case Western Reserve University scientists have engineered natural windpipe replacement structures using patient cells and self-assembling modules. This approach overcomes challenges in current tissue-engineering methods, enabling the creation of functional living tracheas that can be implanted into patients with damaged airways.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University propose exercise as a potential solution to address substance abuse in adolescents. Assisted exercise may specifically benefit teens with dopamine deficits, common in substance use disorder patients.
The study identified specific 'metastatic variant enhancer loci' that drive cancer cell metastasis, and showed that inhibiting these enhancers can halt the spread of tumor cells. Blocking expression of individual genes regulated by these enhancers also diminished metastatic capacity.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University question long-held understanding of Earth's solid center formation, citing energy barriers and supercooling issues. The team proposes alternative solutions, including the possibility of a nucleation-enhancing solid metal affecting the core's crystallization process.
A team of researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine has used cryo-electron microscopy to capture the structure of full-length serotonin receptors for the first time. This breakthrough provides valuable insights into molecular binding sites that could lead to more precise drug design and targeted therapies.
A $6.5M NIH grant will support a Center of Research Translation in Psoriasis (CORT) at Case Western Reserve University. The CORT aims to advance translational discovery and application in psoriasis by integrating cutting-edge technology and bioinformatics with basic and clinical science.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University researchers has reversed symptoms of respiratory and cognitive abnormalities in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. The findings suggest that stimulating neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex could be therapeutic for Rett patients, potentially leading to improved breathing and cognitive f...
Dr. Alex Huang's research aims to understand how macrophages support osteosarcoma growth in lung tissues and develop effective therapeutic options for pulmonary osteosarcoma metastasis.
Researchers adapt HIV/AIDS treatment-cascade model to combat rheumatic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa, finding that patients facing distance barriers have lower continuation rates. The study shows that decentralizing care and providing more staff, funding, and resources per capita at regional sites can increase patient retention.
Researchers have discovered new enzymes that convert nitric oxide into stopgap molecules, modulating proteins and achieving diverse cellular functions. The newly found enzymes may serve as prime therapeutic targets for treating a range of diseases, including Alzheimer's, heart failure, cancer, asthma, and infection.
Researchers have developed a minimally invasive, cost-effective test to detect pre-cancerous Barrett's esophagus, which can help prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma. The test involves swallowing a pill-sized balloon that swabs the esophagus and is then tested for DNA abnormalities.
A new study found that the presence of sexual violence in neighborhoods significantly affects women's perceptions of safety, as well as men's. Men and women both report feeling less safe due to other forms of violence such as fights and robberies.
Research at Case Western Reserve University explores how maternal cocaine use affects behavioral problems in children, with a focus on gender differences. The study aims to better understand and address behavioral issues in boys and girls exposed to cocaine in utero, potentially informing strategies for prevention and treatment.
A new antifungal compound has been shown to effectively treat drug-resistant Candida auris, a major contributor to hospital outbreaks and deadly infections. The novel mechanism of action suggests the potential for broader treatment applications across fungal species.
A study by Case Western Reserve University reveals Aldi's success lies in limiting product choice and targeting price-conscious consumers with a single supplier for most products, resulting in higher sales growth (15%) compared to Walmart (2%)
Case Western Reserve University researchers have received a $2.8 million grant to identify FDA-approved medications that can be repurposed to treat Alzheimer's disease. The project aims to develop computer algorithms and test promising drug candidates using patient electronic health records and animal models.
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the structure of the TRPV5 protein, which serves as a passageway for calcium across kidney cell membranes. The study reveals how inhibitor molecules attach to and close the channel, leaving calcium stranded in the urine where it can form kidney stones.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered a gene that helps zebrafish convert water motion into electrical impulses, similar to human hearing. The shared gene allows fish to sense water flow direction and may also inform future studies on human hair cell mechanotransduction.
Researchers found that FDA-approved anti-inflammatory medications tofacitinib and ruxolitinib can block HIV production from infected cells, prevent transmission to bystander cells, and decay the viral reservoir. The study suggests using Jak inhibitors as a potential treatment for HIV-infected individuals to control the virus.
Researchers have discovered how cells adapt to stressors by reprogramming their internal signaling networks, which could lead to therapeutics for multiple diseases. The studies focus on cellular mechanisms that protect against cell death and dysfunction, particularly in the context of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
A new study found significantly reduced bacterial diversity and richness, and fungal richness in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor tissues, suggesting potential markers for earlier diagnosis. The findings may lead to precautionary testing in high-risk patients and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers have discovered that interferon-β can impair the migration and formation of tumors in triple-negative breast cancer cells, suggesting a potential new treatment option for patients. Elevated interferon-β levels in breast tissue correlate with extended patient survival and lower cancer recurrence rates.
Researchers are investigating genetic variations that offer protection against Alzheimer's disease in elderly Amish individuals. They will also explore the causes of rapidly progressing late-onset Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by a faster rate of cognitive decline and death compared to typical cases.
A researcher at Case Western Reserve University is investigating the link between abnormal embryonic brain development and autism. The study aims to understand how cell-signaling defects lead to excessive early brain-cell growth and enlarged neonatal brains, resulting in long-term alterations in brain circuitry.
Dr Mark Griswold PhD has been elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors for his highly prolific spirit of innovation in creating outstanding inventions that have made a tangible impact on quality of life and economic development. He is renowned for pioneering research and innovations in biomedical imaging.
Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist and geologist, will receive the 2018 Inamori Ethics Prize for his pioneering work in applying space images to groundwater exploration in arid lands. His research has led to the discovery of critical groundwater resources worldwide.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine identified specific lncRNAs that modulate connective tissue proteins like collagen in skin cells. The researchers found that these long non-coding RNAs work with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to control gene expression, suggesting a new form of genetic control.
Case Western Reserve University researchers found infectious prions in CJD patient skin, which are 1,000-100,000 times lower than in brain tissue. This discovery raises concerns about potential disease transmission through surgeries and may pave the way for less invasive diagnostic techniques.
A computer program called DrugPredict has been developed to repurpose FDA-approved drugs for new indications, including the potential treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. The researchers found that common pain medications like aspirin can kill ovarian cancer cells, and NSAIDs may also have applications in this area.
A team of researchers has received a $1.8M grant to develop an implantable muscle stimulator that mimics regular weight-shifting to improve muscle health and prevent pressure ulcers and deep tissue injuries in patients with spinal cord injuries.
A multi-disciplinary team of researchers has received a $9 million grant to develop enhanced infrared light technology for treating diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias, high blood pressure, asthma, and diarrhea. The technology aims to stimulate or inhibit electrical signals in the nervous system with laser precision.
A study published in Motivation and Emotion suggests that narrowing attention on a desirable object increases desire for it. Researchers found that people who were focused on dessert images reacted faster to pull them towards them than to mundane items.
A new study reveals that African-Americans experience racial stigma and stereotypes when shopping, with 80% reporting encountering racial bias. To navigate this landscape, many shoppers downplay their race or avoid certain stores altogether.
Researchers investigate whether N95 respirators offer protection against fine particulate matter and its associated health risks, including heart disease, stroke, and respiratory problems. The study aims to provide evidence for effective interventions in high-pollution areas.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have developed a gene therapy that can prevent the progression of hearing loss and preserve hearing in people with Usher syndrome type III, a form of hereditary hearing loss linked to defects in sensory hair cells.