Articles tagged with Systems Engineering
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Pradeep Sharma, a UH mechanical engineer, received a Guggenheim Fellowship to investigate why some people can instantly reproduce music while others cannot. He aims to find a physics explanation for this phenomenon, considering the brain and physical characteristics of the ears.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have created a reverse genetic system for SARS coronavirus 2, allowing for quick development and evaluation of vaccines and diagnosis of infected patients. The system enables high-throughput testing in 12 hours, significantly reducing turnaround time compared to conventional methods.
University of Pittsburgh researchers develop microparticles that can trick the body into accepting transplanted tissue as its own, avoiding the need for lifelong immunosuppression. The treatment logistics are simpler and more efficient than current cell-based therapy methods.
A new CRISPR-Cas12b system enables efficient plant genome engineering with gene editing, activation and repression capabilities. The system outperforms existing CRISPR tools, offering improved efficiency and versatility for plant breeding and disease resistance.
Researchers at the University of Arizona are working with NASA to develop new methods for harvesting water from the lunar surface using lasers. The mission aims to create a system that can efficiently extract water and nutrients from the lunar environment, enabling sustainable food production in space. With the help of tiny satellites ...
Using Euclid's algorithm as an example, Dr. Lamport showed how a precise mathematical formula can be used to specify an algorithm, making it more efficient and easier to debug. By using math instead of code, developers can reduce the size of their programs by up to ten times and make debugging easier.
Researchers from Duke University have conducted field trials of their off-grid sanitation system, finding that critical components lasted longer than expected. However, the system still requires improvement in nutrient removal processes and addressing cultural practices to ensure sustainability.
Developed a patch-based health diagnosis sensor system that collects various health information in real-time by monitoring biosignals and certain movements. The sensor's stable structure mimics snake motions, spider webs, and paper craft, making it durable despite intense body movements.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed an algorithm to analyze biometric data from smart devices and recommend personalized sleep and light schedules. The approach has been shown to estimate circadian rhythm variation with high accuracy, potentially benefiting travelers and service members.
Researchers successfully transmitted a signal over 520 km at 200 Gbps using commercial cables and stimulated Raman scattering effect, increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The system uses remote optically pumped amplifiers to amplify the signal along the link without electrical power sources.
The 2019 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering is awarded to four US engineers who created the first global satellite-based positioning system, GPS. The award celebrates the global benefit of engineering innovation on humanity.
Levis & Elder are developing conceptual models to investigate the degree of deterrence and explore the impact of mutual understanding among actors. They aim to refine experimental design and analyze sensitivity to model inputs in computational experiments.
Restoring native vegetation could cut air pollution by an average of 27 percent, according to a new study published in Environmental Science & Technology. The research found that nature-based solutions might be cheaper options for cleaning the air near industrial sites and other pollution sources.
The University of Virginia has launched a national research center to ensure the security of connected electronic devices. The Center for Hardware and Embedded Systems Security and Trust (CHEST) is tackling key challenges in designing, protecting, and resiliently operating electronic systems.
A novel player trait model has been developed to evaluate individual gaming preferences, enabling the creation of tailored experiences. The five-trait model assesses social, aesthetic, challenge, goal, and narrative elements to provide personalized game recommendations.
A VCU-led team, including professors from several institutions and two companies, is developing an open network for molecular sciences data using AI. The goal is to create a platform for combining and analyzing data from academia, industry, and government, enabling scientists to make predictions and designs with more accuracy.
Engineers have designed a robotic system to automate the disassembly of component parts, a key task in remanufacturing. The new process can reduce energy and raw materials usage by up to 90% and CO2 emissions by over 80%.
A new study by Ben-Gurion University found that most routers are vulnerable to cross-router data leaks through malicious attacks on guest networks. The researchers identified different levels of cross-router covert channels that can be combined and exploited for malicious purposes.
A CSU team is designing a self-reliant, local, resilient electric system to withstand Category 5 hurricanes. The research combines sustainable grids, systems engineering and behavioral psychology to minimize power losses.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and the Technion Institute of Technology discovered critical vulnerabilities in the Siemens S7 Simatic programmable logic controller. They successfully reverse-engineered the proprietary cryptographic protocol and gained control of the PLC's operations, demonstrating how a sophisticated attacker can a...
A new framework for software management was recognized for its potential impact on computation-based science, enabling the Ohio Supercomputer Center to efficiently install and test applications for a wide range of users. The framework leverages automated tools and continuous integration to streamline the process.
A new Y-shaped synthetic consortium achieves 21 g/L butanol yield, exceeding theoretical value by 85%. The consortium's adaptability and stability enable efficient simultaneous utilization of mixed sugar ratios and aeration conditions.
A new paper proposes a simple yet powerful model to understand why some water suppliers turn off their supply at certain times, highlighting both benefits and drawbacks of intermittent systems. The model can help guide global efforts to meet UN's Sustainable Development Goals and its Human Right to Water.
A new platform has been developed that provides suppliers with a certain amount of choice, improving supply and demand matching for underutilized resources. The approach was found to perform better than existing methods, especially when there is limited information about the supplier's preferences.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have created a material that can significantly extend battery life and increase capacity. The oxygen redox-layered oxide (Na2RuO3) material, when used in lithium-ion batteries, enables self-repair due to its stronger coulombic attraction force, reducing degradation from charge and discharge cycles.
Researchers have developed a system that allows living cells to perform analog-to-digital signal processing, enabling precise control over cellular responses. This breakthrough expands the toolkit for synthetic biologists, who can now use genetic circuitry to process complex signals and make informed decisions.
A Phase 1b clinical trial successfully induces immune tolerance to autoimmune targets in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The treatment involves introducing peptide-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells, which stimulate the production of IL-10 and promote immune tolerance.
Researchers have developed a new method to design systems with greater disaster resistance and resilience by incorporating negative probability. This method models correlated disruptions as independent impacts on virtual supporting stations, reducing complexity and enabling easier calculation of probabilities.
Motee's work recognizes a fundamental contribution to spatially distributed systems theory, showing that quadratically optimal state feedback controllers are sparse and spatially localized. His research aims to implement estimation and control design problems in a localized and distributed fashion for applications such as unmanned auto...
A Lehigh University team led by Frank E. Curtis is developing new algorithms to improve resilience in the Department of Energy's Grid Optimization Competition. The goal is to address complex optimization problems, such as the SCOPF problem, and develop more flexible and resilient grid software.
Researchers developed a mechanized cane that measures patients' rehabilitation process, providing individualized information on their progress. The device is adaptable to users, low-cost, and has been downloaded by over 150 researchers worldwide.
Researchers found that 94% of recent authentication systems have flaws in their reported performance metrics, leading to potential security consequences. A novel solution proposes combining two metrics to measure the success of user login systems.
Dr. Kyungsuk Yum develops bioinspired 3D materials that can form complex shapes and motions in response to external signals. His research has potential applications in bioinspired soft robotics, biomedical devices, tissue engineering, and artificial muscles.
Researchers create new air-cooled condenser with enhanced metal fins for improved heat transfer and reduced cooling temperature. The system also addresses peak electricity demand by precooling circulated air using a heat sink.
Engineers at the University of Sheffield are developing more effective bomb protection systems by studying explosions in detail. The project aims to provide a better understanding of blast loading and its effects on structures, enabling the design of safer buildings and materials.
Lehigh University researchers aim to improve the safety and reliability of cyber-physical systems by developing a systematic approach to network infrastructure design. The project seeks to establish a measurement-driven analytical framework for worst-case delay analyses in non-feedforward CPS networks.
Researchers have developed a computer vision system that uses a brain-inspired approach to learn and identify objects in real-world images. The system is trained on a vast amount of data from the internet, allowing it to build a detailed model of objects without external guidance.
Researchers at NYU Tandon created synthetic fingerprints capable of spoofing smartphone fingerprint sensors, potentially fooling up to one in five people. The 'DeepMasterPrints' can match multiple prints stored in databases and unlock devices, highlighting the need for multi-factor authentication.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have developed a new AI system called Pattern to Knowledge (P2K) that can predict biosequence interactions in seconds. P2K uses deep knowledge from data to identify and predict amino acid bindings, potentially reducing bottlenecks in drug discovery.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have sped up electron movement in organic semiconductor films by two to three orders of magnitude. By introducing polystyrene, they found enhanced hole mobility, a critical factor for developing more efficient solar devices.
Southern Methodist University professors receive an $849,839 NSF grant to build a multi-dimensional drone communication framework, addressing three-dimensional connectivity issues. The project aims to optimize transmission to intended receivers in various swarm formations, with potential applications in commercial and military sectors.
A University of Utah engineering study shows that smart controllers for home heating and cooling systems can clean pollution with minimal additional energy costs. The 'SmartAir' setting, which turns on the HVAC fan based on both temperature and air quality, cleaned the air almost as well as continuous operation but used 58% less energy.
The University of Virginia School of Engineering's Link Lab has earned a $3 million National Science Foundation grant to create a training program for Ph.D. students in cyber-physical systems. The program will emphasize hands-on learning, research on real-world problems, and professional development.
The National Science Foundation is investing in research to detect, disrupt and disable illicit supply networks that traffic people, weapons, drugs, human organs, and nuclear material. This funding supports a combination of engineering and computer, physical and social sciences to dismantle these networks.
A team of NYU Tandon researchers has received a $900,000 NSF grant to develop tools for safer AI deployment. The tools will address defensive schemes against malicious attacks and detect 'backdoors' in AI systems.
The Rensselaer project aims to develop an operator-guided, semi-automatic assembly process using industrial robots integrated with multiple sensors. The goal is to improve manufacturing productivity by enhancing the operator's capabilities through advanced robotics and appropriately applying technological strengths.
Jennifer Pazour, assistant professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, has been selected to take part in the National Academy of Engineering's 24th annual U.S. Frontiers of Engineering symposium. The symposium brings together emerging engineering leaders to discuss pioneering research and techniques.
Researchers equip a US bridge with sensors that can detect cracks and alert maintenance engineers, increasing supervision of critical areas and extending structure lifetimes. The system uses Comparative Vacuum Monitoring sensors that can detect tiny cracks smaller than the thickness of a dime.
Researchers have developed a compact and sensitive nanophotonic system that can identify molecules without conventional spectrometry. The system uses metapixels to generate a unique bar code for each molecule, enabling massive analysis and classification using artificial neural networks.
A recent GW study reveals that many patients and medical care providers hold a 'Why not take a risk?' mentality when it comes to antibiotics, despite knowing their limitations. This mindset can lead to unnecessary prescribing and the spread of superbugs, causing significant harm.
Researchers at UBC created a system where software engineers can use simple voice commands to automate mundane tasks, increasing productivity and speed. The tool also enables typing minimal requests, allowing engineers to focus on important parts of their jobs.
A study from the University of Missouri found that electronic medical record documentation and direct patient care are the most common workflow interruptions in emergency departments, leading to increased workloads and decreased efficiency. The research suggests that changes in workflow could improve patient care and nurse productivity.
Researchers developed a coordinated control architecture for motion management in ADAS systems, demonstrating improved safety and comfort. The study showed that 'coordinated control' strategy successfully damped out deviation errors, giving much greater precision in following intended trajectories.
Researchers propose social manufacturing as an innovative solution for the personalized customization era, allowing consumers to participate in the design and production process. This approach can reduce material waste and energy consumption while satisfying both material and spiritual needs.
A new design proposes a top-level intelligent dispatch system that incorporates artificial systems and real-world input to find the best way to dispatch power quickly and efficiently. By leveraging historical operation actions and records, the dispatch system can convert human experience into intelligent technical models.
A new 'smart' algorithm is proposed to manage household energy usage, taking into account varying power sources like windmills and solar panels. The goal is to minimize costs while meeting energy demand, with the potential for future optimization through machine learning.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a 7-DOF haptic interface allowing for seven degrees of movement. The interface enables true haptic interaction and can be used in medical simulation, virtual assembly and remote manipulation tasks.
Five Columbia engineering professors have received NSF CAREER Awards for their groundbreaking research. Agostino Capponi develops a framework to increase resilience of global financial markets, while Daniel Esposito creates electocatalytic materials for abundant solar fuels.
Researchers at Saarland University develop a sensor-free control methodology for electromagnetic valves and locks, achieving high-precision control without additional position sensors. The new technology allows devices to maintain intermediate positions and operate continuously variable systems.
Researchers from Saarland University have developed self-monitoring conveyor rollers that precisely control each roller to respond to changing operating conditions. This technology can speed up parcel sorting operations while delivering greater flexibility, reducing costs and improving efficiency.