Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
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Four primary methods are used by primary care practices to risk stratify patient populations: practice-developed algorithm, AAFP clinical algorithm, payer claims/electronic health record, and clinical intuition. Practices that developed their own algorithm identify more high-risk patients than those using other methods.
Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower risks of aortic aneurysm (28% reduction) and aortic dissection (47% reduction). Long-term mortality rates are also decreased after hospitalization for AA, but not AD.
Researchers found that statins reduced twenty year mortality rates by 18% and overall risk of death by coronary heart disease by 28%. The study suggests that even modest LDL reductions over time will translate into large mortality benefits for those with elevated cholesterol levels above 155mg/dL.
A meta-analysis of over 68,000 patients found that PCSK9 inhibitors did not increase the short-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, exploratory analyses suggested a trend towards increased risk in patients with intense LDL cholesterol reduction and long-term treatment.
A large study found that high carbohydrate intake is linked to increased total mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality outcomes, while high fat intake is associated with lower risk. The study suggests that limiting total fat consumption may not improve health in populations.
Researchers found that ultra-low LDL cholesterol levels (below 10 mg/dL) significantly reduced cardiovascular event risk by over 40%. No adverse effects on cognition or safety endpoints were reported. The study suggests achieving low LDL cholesterol levels beyond current treatment targets may further reduce cardiovascular risk.
A new analysis of the FOURIER trial found that very aggressive reduction of LDL-cholesterol to ultra-low levels was associated with fewer cardiovascular events without increased safety risks. The study suggested that lowering LDL-C levels below current guidelines can further reduce recurrent cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
The CANTOS trial found that canakinumab significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular events and total cancer death, with dose-dependent effects on lung cancer rates. The study showed a 15% reduction in cardiovascular event risk and a 17% reduction in hospitalization for unstable angina.
A meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials found that consuming EPA and DHA omega-3s reduced the risk of cardiac death by an average of 8%. Higher risk reduction was seen in individuals with high cholesterol or triglycerides, with a significant 17% reduction in these groups.
Despite receiving medical attention for an overdose, Medicaid patients in Pennsylvania continued to have high prescription opioid use. Medication-assisted treatment increased after the overdose event, but overall opioid prescribing and duration of use decreased.
A new study across Austria, England, and Romania finds that both public and private schemes can improve risk reduction behaviors and reduce losses in future disasters. The study suggests that insurers and governments need to better coordinate their efforts to design efficient, socially just, and politically feasible solutions.
Experts emphasize the importance of communicating cancer prevention messages to young adults (18-44 years) to reduce future cancer risk. The articles highlight various factors contributing to cancer risk, including health behaviors, chronic conditions, and social drivers, and propose tailored interventions to mitigate risks.
Researchers at UTA are working on developing algorithms to minimize risks for unmanned aerial systems operating in populated areas. The goal is to increase public acceptance and benefit commercial use of UAS technology, ultimately contributing to safer operation in various risk conditions.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that frequent alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. Men and women who drank 3-4 days a week had a lower risk of developing diabetes, with men consuming 14 drinks per week having a 43% lower risk.
A new study published in CMAJ found that people who survive a stroke or mini-stroke without early complications have an increased risk of death and stroke for at least 5 years following the initial event. Researchers recommend long-term management of modifiable risks, such as high blood pressure and physical activity, to reduce this risk.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that hiring chief risk officers (CROs) actually increased risky behavior in US banks, leading to the 2008 financial crash. Banks with CROs were more likely to use high-risk derivatives, while safer options were used less.
Researchers found that informal networks linking volunteers with authorities improved monitoring, decision-making, communication systems, and evacuations in Tungurahua volcano. The network has helped minimize forced evacuations and enabled better trust between public and experts.
A study published in JAMA found that high-dose vitamin D administration among children aged 1-5 did not reduce wintertime upper respiratory tract infections. The daily supplementation of 2000 IU/d or 400 IU/d had no significant effect on the number or duration of infections.
A recent study published in JAMA found that patients taking cortisone for inflammation conditions have a 65% reduced risk of hip fractures when receiving the osteoporosis medication alendronate. The study analyzed over 400,000 elderly patients and found that only one in four patients received this protective treatment.
A study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that improving diet quality over time is associated with lower total and cardiovascular mortality. The study analyzed data from nearly 74,000 adults over a 12-year period and found that even modest changes in diet quality can significantly reduce the risk of death.
A randomized clinical trial investigated whether allowing infants to self-feed solid foods reduces the risk of overweight. The study found that a baby-led approach did not improve energy self-regulation or body weight but showed benefits in attitudes towards food.
A review of published evidence shows that having health insurance significantly reduces the risk for death. The study also found that health insurance improves self-rated health and financial protection, and reduces the likelihood of depression.
A new study found that patients newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation who received early cardiology care had a 9% lower risk of stroke and an 11% lower risk of death. Early prescription of anticoagulants also appeared to lower the risk of stroke.
Researchers propose a tax on systemically risky transactions to rewire financial networks and reduce systemic risk. The tax, known as a Systemic Risk Tax (SRT), would incentivize banks to form a more resilient network, reducing the risk of cascading failures.
Targeting a systolic blood pressure of <120 mm Hg reduced cardiovascular events and premature death in CKD patients, but slightly accelerated kidney function decline. The benefits were observed across all age groups within the CKD subgroup.
A study by James Cook University scientists found that turtles are present throughout the bay, mostly staying in water less than five meters deep. Extending shallow go-slow zones could protect nearly half or more of turtle habitats if combined with a small buffer zone into deeper waters.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that canagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of both cardiovascular disease and kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes. The drug was shown to lower blood sugar levels and also provide protection against heart failure and renal decline.
Among older patients with diabetes, being overweight reduces the risk of early death by 18% compared to normal weight counterparts. However, this survival benefit is only observed in older patients and diminishes over time.
A study suggests that lowering systolic blood pressure to below the current recommended targets can significantly lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause death. The researchers analyzed data from 42 clinical trials involving over 144,000 patients with hypertension.
A new report by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre presents the state-of-the-art in disaster risk management, highlighting the importance of science in preventing disasters and saving lives. The report identifies knowledge gaps and needs for further research to improve responses to natural hazards.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a molecule that plays a role in thrombus development but not initial clot formation, offering a new avenue for developing more specific and protective blood thinners. This could reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke without increasing bleeding risk.
A national trial is underway to compare intensive medical management and surgical interventions for asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Researchers at MCG and AU Health are enrolling nearly 2,500 participants in the CREST-2 study to determine which treatment approach reduces stroke risk more effectively.
A study found that the DASH diet reduced gout incidence in men with similar dietary patterns, while a Western diet increased risk. The diet's emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products may help lower uric acid levels and reduce cardiovascular problems.
A new study by University of Eastern Finland reveals that losses reduce subsequent risk taking among horse race bettors and similar situations. Bettors tend to avoid losses and break even at the very least, whereas gains lead to increased bets but not exceeding earlier gains.
A new study found that desensitizing patient antibodies can reduce the risk of heart transplant rejection in high immunological risk patients. Patients with high levels of anti-HLA antibodies had similar survival rates to those without DSA, but experienced more bleeding complications due to plasmapheresis.
A new phosphorus index aims to reduce agricultural runoff pollution by focusing on field characteristics and best management practices. The updated approach addresses limitations of previous indices, providing a more practical tool for farmers and policymakers.
The western US has seen a 2-degrees-Celsius rise in annual average temperature and lengthening of the fire season, resulting in bigger, hotter fires. Authors advocate for adaptation measures like allowing more fires to burn unimpeded and intentionally setting controlled burns to reduce natural fuels.
A recent study validates Venebio's Venebio Opioid Advisor (VOA) tool, which predicts the likelihood of a life-threatening opioid overdose with 90% accuracy. The tool was tested on 18.3 million patients and showed strong predictive performance.
Researchers discovered that microRNA-210 reduces plaque instability and improves fibrous cap stability, potentially reducing the risk of stroke. Local application of microRNA-210 is being explored as a safer alternative to systemic administration, which could minimize side effects.
Distracted drivers who slow down to avoid on-road conflicts may actually increase their own crash risk. Young drivers are particularly vulnerable due to the prevalence of mobile phone use in this age group. The study suggests context-aware mobile phone design, advanced technology, and warning systems as potential solutions.
Researchers at the Met Office Hadley Centre found that aggressive emission reductions can reduce the risk of extreme seasonal temperatures by half within 20 years. This study challenges previous assumptions that most benefits of mitigation would be delayed until later in the century.
Researchers argue that new international banking regulations would not be effective in reducing the risk of financial crises. Instead, they propose restructing financial networks to increase resilience while avoiding efficiency loss. A state-of-the-art model suggests capital surcharges are insufficient to control systemic risk.
A population-based study of over 93,000 older men found that using 5α-reductase inhibitors was not associated with an increased risk of suicide. However, risks of self-harm and depression were significantly higher during the first 18 months after medication initiation.
A diet rich in carotenoids and vitamin C may protect against lung cancer, according to a study. High intakes of these antioxidants were associated with a lower risk of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma in both smokers and nonsmokers.
A large US healthcare system study found that taking misoprostol with NSAIDs significantly lowers the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure compared to taking NSAIDs alone. The combination is associated with a 25-34% lower risk of these events.
The risk of subsequent malignancies has decreased among childhood cancer survivors, particularly those treated with lower radiation doses. The study found that cumulative incidence rates of subsequent neoplasms and specific types of cancers, such as meningiomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers, were lower in recent treatment eras.
A comprehensive study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology found that eating more fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and premature death. The researchers estimated that 7.8 million deaths could be prevented each year if people ate 800g of fruit and vegetables daily.
Weekly Tai Chi sessions reduced systolic blood pressure by 10.25mmHg and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by 0.16mmol/L in adults with known stroke risk factors. The study suggests that continuing Tai Chi exercise may help prevent strokes.
A meta-analysis of 95 studies found that consuming more than five portions of fruit and vegetables daily reduced disease risk, with the greatest benefit seen in eating ten portions or 800g a day. This amount was associated with significant reductions in heart attack, stroke, cancer, and premature death risk.
A recent study published in Neurology found no association between hormone therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. However, women who used hormone therapy for over 10 years showed a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease compared to non-users.
Researchers project that intensive blood pressure control can save over 100,000 lives each year in the US. By lowering blood pressure to less than 120 mmHg, the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death can be significantly reduced. However, this approach may require additional medication and more frequent health check-ups.
Researchers identified a genetic variant in neutrophil cystolic factor 1 (NCF1) associated with increased risk for autoimmune diseases. The study found that increased NCF1 protects against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), while decreased NCF1 raises SLE risk.
The SAFE PASSAGES program has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of perineal trauma and Cesarean sections while also improving overall childbirth outcomes. By implementing specific interventions such as eliminating midline episiotomies, the program has demonstrated a reduction in severe perineal lacerations by over 300%.
The use of antimicrobial sutures coated with triclosan has been shown to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) by 39%. Additionally, economic analysis reveals a significant average cost savings per procedure of £91.25 when using triclosan-coated sutures.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recommend that physicians initiate treatment in adults aged 60 years old and older with persistent systolic blood pressure at or above 150 mm Hg to achieve a target systolic blood pressure of less than 150 mm Hg. The guideline notes that some ...
A new study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology finds that poverty is a major contributor to obesity, particularly for individuals with a high genetic risk. The research used data from 120,000 individuals and suggests that targeting specific behaviors or environments may not be an effective solution to reducing obesity.
A study found that adults who performed the recommended amount of weekly physical activity in one or two sessions had lower risks for death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The risk reductions were similar among weekend warriors and insufficiently active adults.
A study of 6.6 million people found that those living within 50 meters of a major road had a small increased risk of developing dementia, with up to 7-11% cases potentially attributed to traffic exposure. The study also found no link between traffic exposure and Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.
A new study has found that increasing intake of EPA and DHA omega-3s can help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, particularly among populations with high triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels. The study analyzed data from 93,000 and 732,000 subjects across 18 randomized controlled trials and 16 prospective cohort studies.
A new study found that pregnant women taking long-chain omega-3 supplements reduced their children's asthma risk by 31%. Women with low blood levels of EPA and DHA at the beginning of the study benefited the most from the supplements, with a 54% relative risk reduction.