Articles tagged with Cancer Treatments
A new study by Umeå University researchers sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer cell mobilization. They found that an amino acid in TGF-β signalling molecule Smad7 enables cancer cells to spread and form life-threatening metastases.
Researchers identified EphA2 as a key driver of metastasis and BRAF-MEK inhibitor resistance in melanoma. The study found that the noncanonical pathway of EphA2 induces an amoeboid phenotype that enhances metastatic potential.
The HCA|Organoid project will establish an open access Organoid Cell Atlas, enabling future discovery-driven and translational research on rare genetic diseases, complex multifactorial diseases, and cancer. The project will derive and comprehensively characterize human brain and colon organoids from 100 individuals each.
The HOME-PE trial found that home management is safe and effective for selected patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Using the Hestia criteria or sPESI score, over 30% of patients can be treated at home with a low rate of complications.
Researchers at FEFU are working on genetically modified models of brain tumors to understand the role of IDH1 and TP53 gene mutations. They plan to create laboratory models of these mutations to develop new diagnostic markers and test antitumor compounds, potentially leading to personalized therapy for glioma patients.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes have performed a massive cellular energy audit to understand how cells regulate ATP levels. They identified genes and proteins that can be targeted to manipulate cellular energy and treat disease, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The study reveals new pathways for boosting cellular en...
Researchers found that donors without fractures had more flexible collagen and mineral nanostructure than those with fractures. The study suggests that flexibility at the nanoscale could be an important predictor of future bone fractures, highlighting the need for new treatments targeting nanoscale bone health.
Researchers developed new predictive models to identify patients at highest risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after successful hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. The models used clinical parameters and identified specific clusters of patients with elevated or impaired liver function, suggesting more personalized HCC sur...
Researchers have developed a novel STAR assay to measure absolute telomere length, enabling rapid diagnosis of cancer and age-related diseases. The method can process up to 48 samples from low DNA amounts, providing critical information for precision therapy.
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to capture detailed conformational changes involving the β1-adrenergic receptor and its activation mechanism. The findings provide new details for improved therapeutic treatments for cardiac disease, a leading cause of death worldwide.
A study found that current USPSTF and CMS guidelines for lung cancer screening undercount African Americans due to their age, smoking history, and quitting time. The PLCOm2012 model improved sensitivity in both Whites and African American ever-smokers, eliminating the eligibility disparity.
A clinical trial found that consuming 44mg of proanthocyanidins (PACs) per day in cranberry juice resulted in a 20% reduction in H. pylori infection rates in Chinese adults. The study suggests that twice-daily consumption of this specific amount of PACs may be an effective natural management strategy for adults infected with H. pylori.
Researchers identified the LANDO pathway as a key factor in neuroinflammation, which is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. By disrupting this pathway, scientists found that they could reduce neuroinflammation and even improve cognition and memory in a mouse model.
Scientists have discovered a rapid, inexpensive, and non-invasive method to track malignant melanoma using fluorescent molecules in urine samples. The technique allows doctors to diagnose and monitor the disease without requiring invasive biopsies.
A new strategy using organic nanoparticles evaluates PTT efficiency on tumors in real time, enabling doctors to adjust treatment plans promptly. The approach is based on the correlation between PTT efficiency, Casp3 activity, and near-infrared fluorescence intensity.
This observational study examines characteristics and response to treatment of persistent radiation-induced hair loss in patients with primary central nervous system tumors or head and neck cancer. The study aims to improve treatment outcomes for this common side effect.
Researchers found that having two mutated copies of TP53 gene worsens the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome, a blood cancer. This study confirms that TP53 mutation status is the most important variable in predicting disease course.
Researchers advocate photodynamic therapy as an additional treatment for COVID-19 patients to combat secondary infections. The technique uses light and a photosensitizing chemical substance to kill microorganisms in the respiratory tract, potentially improving prognosis and reducing transmission.
Researchers developed scVelo to estimate RNA velocity with an AI-based model, allowing them to study dynamic populations and understand cellular development and gene activity. This enables better understanding of disease progression and cell signaling, paving the way for personalized treatments.
Osteoid osteomas are benign but painful bone-forming tumors that often involve the spine, causing back and radicular pain. A new minimally invasive percutaneous treatment technique is proposed as an alternative to surgical excision, offering a lower risk of fusion with instrumentation.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that severe hearing loss in childhood cancer survivors is associated with neurocognitive deficits independent of therapy type. The study evaluated 1,520 survivors and discovered that more than one-third had severe hearing loss, leading to increased risk of neurocognitive problems.
A novel cell therapy using patient T cells has shown preliminary effectiveness in treating relapsed or treatment-resistant multiple myeloma. The treatment, which is safer than existing CAR T cells, improved survival rates and objective clinical responses in patients with active disease.
A new study found that acute exercise maintains the immune system's natural killer cell count at a normal level in prostate cancer survivors. Exercise appears to be safe and beneficial for these individuals, with no significant alterations in immune cell mobilization during treatment.
A team of researchers used a mouse model to test the best therapeutic option for a type of relapse sarcoma. The study found that two treatment regimens administered to a patient with lung metastasis helped extend their disease-free period to 46 months.
A new CT scan method splits a full X-ray beam into thin beamlets to deliver the same quality of image at a significantly reduced radiation dose. The technique has been shown to reduce exposure by up to 90% while maintaining image resolution, offering potential benefits for medical research and patient safety.
Dr Patricia Ganz shares her expertise on assessing quality of life in cancer patients, with a focus on breast cancer survivorship. She highlights the importance of centering patients' needs in both US and UK healthcare systems.
Research has found that cancer patients diagnosed over 24 months ago are more likely to experience severe COVID-19 infection. Patients from Asian ethnicity or receiving palliative treatment were also at a higher risk of death from COVID-19.
The OneChain Immunotherapeutics spin-off aims to develop CAR-T therapies for rare leukaemia subtypes like coT-ALL, which affects children and has a poor prognosis. The spin-off is funded by €3M and will enable the transfer of research knowledge from academia to clinical use.
Researchers have identified a specific type of neuron that plays an important role in gait recovery in mice, using machine learning to pinpoint the cells involved. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for paralysis and advance biomedical research.
A study published in Nature Genetics confirms decades-old hypothesis that metastatic disease hijacks tissue-specific developmental programs. The researchers analyzed epigenetic data from patient-derived samples and identified thousands of sites across the prostate genome regulating gene expression.
A study found that mailing colorectal cancer screening kits to Medicaid enrollees boosts screening rates by 23.2% and saves costs compared to a reminder-only approach. The mailed kit alternative requires an additional cost of $116 per person screened, but significantly improves screening in low-income populations at a reasonable cost.
Fox Chase Cancer Center and Ben-Gurion University have received a $320,000 grant to test an immune-stimulating antibody developed by BGU researcher Angel Porgador for treating multiple myeloma. The antibody helps the immune system kill multiple myeloma tumor cells and may work on many different types of tumors.
Ketone bodies, produced during fat metabolism, may have therapeutic benefits against COVID-19, seasonal flu and other respiratory infections. Researchers propose testing ketone supplementation to bolster muscle function and attenuate delirium among infected survivors.
The review analyzes the design and implementation of RCTs for COVID-19 treatments, identifying common characteristics and limitations. Key takeaways include the importance of standardized reporting and the need for further research on treatment outcomes.
Researchers have developed a new analytical approach called single-cell higher-order testing (scHOT) that enables the study of broad changes in gene behavior within human tissue. The method has been successfully tested on mice and identified novel pairs of genes that co-vary in expression, providing insights into neurodevelopmental dis...
A new study identifies a cancer cell hierarchy originating from a single type of cancer cell, which can be targeted to slow cancer growth. Rapidly dividing cancer stem cells are the earliest detectable cancer cells in the hierarchy and make a promising target for therapy.
Researchers have found that RNA is critical in the process of cell differentiation, serving as a bridge between genes and epigenetic machinery. Without RNA, the system cannot work, making it essential for life. The study's findings could lead to the development of new RNA-targeted therapies.
Moffitt researchers discovered deltaNp63 protein plays a key role in facilitating cancer spread by oscillating its expression. The protein is overexpressed in many primary tumors and metastases, and its silence is required for cancer cells to undergo EMT.
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity for the oncology community to reassess and eliminate low-value practices. By discouraging unnecessary in-person visits, testing, and treatments, healthcare providers can improve patient outcomes and optimize resource allocation.
A new radiomics model can identify early stage lung cancer patients at high risk for poor survival outcomes and require aggressive follow-up or adjuvant therapy. The model uses two radiomic features to stratify patients into three risk groups, which may have more aggressive cancer despite early detection.
Researchers have successfully treated horse melanomas using Amblyomin-X, a protein derived from tick saliva. The treatment resulted in tumor shrinkage and remission in some cases, with no adverse reactions reported. Further analysis of signaling pathways revealed activation of the innate immune system's rapid response.
Researchers from Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University discovered how nanoparticles, particularly iron oxide nanocubes and nanoclusters, can selectively target and activate specific genes in liver cancer cells, leading to apoptosis and autophagy. This breakthrough could lead to personalized cancer therapy and diagnostic tools.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have created orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models representing a variety of pediatric brain tumor types. These models are molecularly characterized and available through a cloud-based data portal, enabling researchers worldwide to access them.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute finds that an online CBT-I program significantly alleviates insomnia and improves overall quality of life in AYA cancer survivors. The program helps correct maladaptive sleep habits developed during treatment.
Researchers inhibited a specific protein to decrease megakaryocyte numbers in an experimental model, showing promise for treating myeloproliferative neoplasms. The study's findings suggest a potential complementary or alternative therapy for this debilitating disease.
UCI researchers have discovered a protein responsible for genetic changes in various cancers and identified potential targets for effective therapy. By monitoring RNA hotspots, the team found that targeting the APOBEC3A protein's activity could disrupt cancer cell vulnerabilities.
Researchers from University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center propose using multigroup, adaptively randomized trials to compare multiple COVID-19 interventions. This design may reduce adverse outcomes during trials and enable faster implementation of effective treatments.
Research by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found significantly higher medical costs for treating metastatic breast cancer in younger women compared to earlier-stage cancer patients or those without cancer. Treatment continues for longer and includes end-of-life care, contributing to high costs.
A single-center retrospective study of 282 patients with early or locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma found that EGFR-mutated lung cancer had increased rates of metastatic recurrence. Early identification of these recurrences is crucial, given the improved post-relapse survival observed in this population.
A good vitamin D status is associated with a lower cancer risk, particularly in colon and blood cancers. Vitamin D responsiveness varies between individuals, affecting their need for supplementation.
Researchers report a case of hyperprogression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immunotherapy combinations, highlighting the need for biomarker development and treatment strategies. Cabozantinib shows promise in controlling hyperprogression, but clinical trials are needed to identify optimal approaches.
A team of scientists has discovered key factors controlling the genome maintenance and replication of KSHV, a virus responsible for lymphatic vascular cancer. The study reveals that two central proteins regulate gene expression on DNA, supporting tumor formation and representing new therapeutic targets.
A new study found that fecal transplants can reduce intestinal permeability in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition associated with metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases. The treatment shows promise for improving gut health and preventing further inflammation.
New phenothiazine derivatives containing phenyl groups show high potential for use as photochemical agents in surgical operations and cancer treatment. The compounds' stability was ensured through the formation of binary associates, providing greater absorption in near-infrared spectrum.
A new machine learning approach classifies gliomas into low or high grades with near-perfect accuracy, enabling clinicians to choose the most effective treatment strategy. Researchers developed the method using MRI scans from over 200 patients and achieved an accuracy rate of 97.54%, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches.
University of California, Berkeley researchers Lydia Sohn and Molly Kozminsky introduce cellular mechanophenotyping to study cancer cell behavior. They aim to measure the mechanical properties of cells to reveal their ability to develop and spread.
Autoimmune diseases, common in the US after cancer and heart disease, are a mystery due to compromised tolerance. A $1.95M NIH grant will fund research to understand why the immune system attacks its own body.
Researchers at UT Arlington are using machine-learning algorithms and computational biology to refine lung cancer treatments. The project aims to customize patient treatment based on individualized prediction models that integrate pathological images and molecular profiling data.
A new study found that age does not necessarily disqualify older patients from breast cancer surgery, but serious adverse events are rare. Surgery can have a negative impact on quality of life and functional independence in older patients.
A new study by the American Cancer Society finds that racial disparities in cancer mortality result in significant economic losses, with $3.2 billion in lost earnings avoided in 2015 if non-Hispanic black cancer deaths and earning rates had been equal to those of non-Hispanic white cancer patients. The study highlights the importance o...