Articles tagged with Vaccination
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by UCSF researchers reveals that T cells gather together and share information, helping to mount a coordinated response to invading pathogens. The discovery sheds light on the mechanism behind vaccine effectiveness, which relies on T-cell aggregation to form long-term memory.
A team of researchers from La Jolla Institute and Cardiff University has identified a novel cellular mechanism that could aid in creating a CMV vaccine. The study found that a specific CMV protein blocks the ability of immune pathways to kill infected cells, providing an important piece of the CMV puzzle.
A Swedish national registry study found that HPV vaccination before age 14 significantly reduced the incidence of genital warts in girls. The study also revealed socioeconomic disparities in vaccination rates, with higher educated parents more likely to vaccinate their daughters.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have identified a potential new target for meningitis B vaccination, offering hope for universal protection. The discovery focuses on the Adhesin Complex Protein (ACP), which stimulates the production of antibodies that kill bacteria, providing protection against multiple MenB strains.
A new study reveals that the bladder is unable to mount an effective immune response to bacteria, leading to recurrent infections. The researchers found that mast cells produce interleukin-10, which drives localized immune tolerance in chronic bladder infection.
The Vanderbilt-led research found that human metapneumovirus is the second leading cause of severe bronchiolitis in young children, affecting more children over age 1 than RSV. The study provides a clearer picture of how this virus impacts children and highlights the need for vaccines to prevent it.
Scientists at Imperial College London have discovered a new way to treat Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections in children. By boosting the accumulation of T cells and selectively attracting regulatory T cells, they aim to reduce inflammation and fight infection.
A two-step personalized immunotherapy treatment using dendritic cell vaccine and adoptive T cell therapy has triggered anti-tumor immune responses in patients with late-stage ovarian cancer. Four of six patients treated responded to the therapy, showing promising early results.
A BUSM study found that low-income and minority parents/guardians are inclined to accept HPV vaccination for boys with the aim of protecting them from cancer and other diseases. However, racial/ethnic differences emerged in attitudes regarding school-entry mandates.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that nearly half of children under 2 years old did not receive all recommended vaccinations. Children who missed scheduled vaccines were more likely to be admitted to hospitals and have fewer doctor visits than those vaccinated on time.
A mass poultry vaccination programme has been credited with a significant decline in Salmonella cases, from 1.6 cases per 1,000 person years in 1993-96 to 0.2 cases per 1,000 person years in 2008-09. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases dropped from over 18,000 in 1993 to just 459 in 2010.
Researchers at Université Laval have identified a molecule that stimulates the activity of the brain's immune cells, which could lead to a treatment and vaccine for Alzheimer's disease. Weekly injections of MPL eliminated up to 80% of senile plaques in mice with Alzheimer's symptoms, improving cognitive function.
Researchers Seung Mun You and Hyejin Moon are using aluminum and nanopore technology to update an ancient evaporative process, known as zeer cooling, to cool vaccines and medicine without electricity. Their goal is to preserve vaccines and medicines in remote areas with limited access to electricity.
A recent study found that many teenagers who received a complete hepatitis B vaccine series as infants can still contract the virus, especially if they have high-risk mothers or weak immune systems. Researchers suggest that a booster shot at age 15 may be necessary to prevent reinfection.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that HPV-associated cancer incidence rates have increased, highlighting the need for increased HPV vaccination coverage. Nationally, 32% of females aged 13-17 years had received three doses of the HPV vaccine in 2010.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that timely reminders from state or local health departments are more effective at increasing immunization rates among preschool children than those from primary care practices. The study suggests that partnerships between public health departments and primary care provid...
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School will provide relief agencies and governments with technical assistance on using oral cholera vaccine. The DOVE program aims to detect outbreaks in remote areas and contain the disease, improving global efforts to combat cholera.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have developed a vaccine against human leishmaniasis that shows promising results, offering new hope for the fight against this devastating disease. The vaccine combines DNA and protein-based approaches, using insect larvae to produce the proteins at low cost.
Researchers discovered a mechanism by which Ebola virus alters and evades the immune response of its infected host. The secreted protein can selectively drive induction of antibody responses to itself while competing for antibodies to the viral surface protein, enabling repeated or sustained infection.
A four-year field study shows BCG vaccination reduces TB infection risk in unvaccinated badger cubs in vaccinated groups and social groups. Vaccination can indirectly protect cubs before they emerge from their setts.
Consumers believe that life-saving products like vaccines and cancer medications are priced based on need rather than profit. This perception can lead to an increased perceived health risk when prices are low, even if the product is still necessary.
Researchers will study how maternal parasite infections affect fetal immune systems to identify effective interventions promoting healthy growth in children. The goal is to understand the causes of stunted growth and develop affordable solutions.
Researchers found that different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi respond differently to the immune system of white-footed mice, leading to variations in bacterial growth and prevalence. This knowledge can help scientists develop a vaccine by targeting specific proteins common to all strains.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that Tdap vaccination is as safe as Td vaccination for adults 65 and older, with no increased risk of injection site reactions. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of Tdap in reducing pertussis infections among older adults.
A new study found that the tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is safe for seniors, with minor injection site reactions being the most common adverse event. The study's findings support the recommendation that older adults receive the vaccine to protect themselves and others from pertussis.
A study in California found that children with pertussis had lower odds of having received all 5 doses of the DTaP vaccine series. The risk increased as the time since last vaccination lengthened, indicating a progressive decrease in estimated vaccine effectiveness each year after the final dose.
A new pneumococcal vaccine has been shown to prevent 93% of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in healthy infants who received at least one dose. The vaccine's effectiveness against IPD was confirmed by the Finnish Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Vaccine Trial, which tracked over 46,000 children under 19 months.
A new equine vaccine, Equivac HeV, has been developed to prevent clinical disease caused by Hendra virus in horses. The vaccine, derived from the original work of Christopher C. Broder and Katharine Bossart, is now available for use in Australia.
A new focus section discusses a new, improved shingles vaccine and alternative therapies to control symptoms. Experts emphasize the need for continued attention from public health, physicians, and researchers to address this debilitating condition.
Lifting age restrictions on rotavirus vaccination in low- and middle-income countries could prevent up to 203,000 rotavirus deaths while potentially causing 547 intussusception deaths. The World Health Organization supports removing age restrictions where benefits outweigh risks.
Experts from the US FDA argue that few global initiatives focus on strengthening medical product regulatory systems in low-and middle-income countries. Strengthening these systems is crucial to assure product efficacy, safety, and quality, particularly as globalization increases access to medicines and vaccines.
Researchers aim to improve protection against pneumonia with a higher dose of pneumococcal vaccine in older adults. The study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, will compare two dosages of a pneumococcal vaccine approved for children and adults.
Research suggests that pulmonary vaccine delivery can induce a local immune response more effectively than traditional injections, potentially combating pathogens that cause pulmonary diseases. The unique physiology of the respiratory tract makes it an attractive alternative to injections.
A Kaiser Permanente study found no association between HPV vaccination and increased pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, or contraceptive counseling among girls. The study included 1,398 girls ages 11-18 who received at least one dose of the vaccine, with only 8% diagnosed with an STI or having a positive pregnancy test.
A recent study published in Vaccine found that HPV vaccination has no influence on sexual behavior among adolescent girls. The research, conducted in the UK, showed no difference in sexual activity between girls who received the vaccine and those who did not.
William Foege, a renowned epidemiologist and physician, received the Dean's Medal from Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health for his pioneering work in eradicating smallpox and controlling river blindness. The award recognizes Foege's tireless efforts to save millions of lives worldwide.
Army surgeons have presented two studies highlighting the potential of a cancer vaccine in improving survival rates. The first study showed that breast cancer survivors who received a HER2 peptide vaccine had a higher likelihood of surviving disease-free compared to those without the treatment. In contrast, patients with Crohn's Diseas...
A large study found that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine was associated with fainting and skin infections in the days following vaccination. The study of over 189,000 females suggests that these side effects are relatively common but not serious, supporting the safety of routine vaccination.
A new report highlights the cognitive factors that make misinformation sticky, including the need for cognitive effort to reject information. Effective strategies for debunking or counteracting erroneous beliefs include providing alternative narratives, focusing on facts rather than myths, and considering audience beliefs. Research has...
Local African herders guided scientists to decide which animals to immunize and when, achieving higher than 80% herd immunity. The eradication of rinderpest is a triumph against a disease that has plagued animals and humankind for centuries.
A new vaccine for hayfever could be more effective, less invasive and cheaper than existing options. Researchers found a significant reduction in skin sensitivity to grass pollen with intradermal injections, promising results for potential allergy treatments.
A new dengue vaccine candidate, CYD-TDV, has shown promising results in a phase 2b trial with an effective rate of 60-90% against DENV 1, 3, and 4 viruses. The vaccine was also found to be safe and well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported.
A nationwide study found inconsistent standards for medical exemptions from kindergarten immunization requirements across states. The research suggests that granting more accountability to parents and physicians may ensure valid medical exemptions are used appropriately.
A $1.2 million grant will support a program providing HPV vaccine to hundreds of low-income women at UTMB's healthcare services, addressing barriers such as lack of awareness and limited access. The initiative aims to increase vaccination rates among Hispanic women at high risk for cervical cancer.
Researchers propose a novel vaccine strategy using lipidated-promiscuous-peptide vaccines to overcome limitations of existing BCG vaccine, which fails to prevent disease in adults, especially in endemic regions. This new approach has shown promise in animal models and is being tested in human clinical trials.
A recent Special Focus in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics discusses the mistakes of past cancer vaccine programs and provides critical insights into the future of cancer vaccines. The study emphasizes the importance of antigen discovery and personalized approaches to overcome the challenges of tumor heterogeneity.
Researchers discovered that poxviruses can rapidly produce multiple copies of a gene to counter host defenses, allowing them to quickly adapt and evolve. The study provides new insight into the mechanisms of adaptation for large double-stranded DNA viruses.
Researchers have identified CD4 T cells as the key players in an autoimmune response that fuels inflammation in the artery wall, leading to plaque buildup. A potential vaccine could target this response, offering a new approach to preventing heart disease.
Researchers have successfully tested a vaccine against the deadly Nipah virus in monkeys, achieving a 75% fatality rate in humans. The vaccine, based on a protein from Hendra virus, has shown great efficacy in protecting animals from infection.
A new study found that hepatitis A vaccination in children under 2 years old is highly effective, with most retaining protection for at least 10 years. The vaccine's effectiveness was not affected by the transfer of mothers' antibodies to their child, contradicting previous concerns.
Researchers successfully developed a highly effective vaccine against the deadly Nipah virus, which has shown complete protection in African green monkeys with no evidence of disease. The vaccine, known as Hendra-sG, is a recombinant piece of the virus produced in the laboratory and can be used safely for human treatment.
A new line of defense against E. coli O157:H7 has been discovered through a Kansas State University study. The commercial cattle vaccine significantly reduced E. coli shedding in feces by more than 50%, making it an effective tool for improving food safety.
A new study led by a UCSF researcher shows that poor sleep can significantly reduce the effectiveness of vaccines. The study found that individuals who slept fewer than six hours per night were less likely to mount an antibody response to the vaccine and thus were more likely to be unprotected by the vaccine.
A UNC-led team studied 2228 Kenyan men and found no evidence of HPV type competition after vaccination. The study suggests that different HPV types act independently, making it unlikely for type-replacement to occur following large-scale vaccination programs.
A 2010 California whooping cough epidemic highlighted the importance of vaccination for adults, pregnant women, and infant contacts. The disease had the highest incidence in infants under 6 months, with Hispanics being most affected in this age group, while Whites were most affected among children and adolescents.
Researchers have unraveled the mystery of a unique virus-coping mechanism, revealing a crucial role for motif D in accurately replicating genetic material. This discovery holds promise for improving existing vaccines and designing new ones against RNA viruses that eluded vaccination strategies.
Researchers found that aging mice's dendritic cells accumulated oxidation-damaged proteins, impairing their function. Administering antioxidants reversed some effects, suggesting a potential therapy to improve vaccine responses in the elderly.
CSIRO will produce a large quantity of antibodies specific to rotavirus strains used in developing vaccines, aiding the project's goal of increasing access and effectiveness of existing commercial vaccines worldwide. The production facility will supply antibodies for five years, supporting the development of new, affordable rotavirus v...
A new protocol allows registries to match records on identifiers such as SIN and health card number without revealing these values. The protocol uses cryptographic techniques to provide end-to-end privacy protection for surveillance programs.
Researchers at Tufts University have discovered a way to stabilize heat-sensitive drugs in silk protein, preserving potency for months at temperatures above 110 degrees F. The technology allows for the development of single devices that can store and deliver vaccines or antibiotics without costly refrigeration.