Research on surgical treatment and outcomes. Covers fat-disorder surgery, survival after hip fracture, prostate-cancer care, and bariatric surgery.
A recent study published in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy found that children who undergo surgery for discoid lateral meniscus are at higher risk of developing further knee injuries with age. Younger patients were particularly prone to relapse after surgery.
A new study found that common breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, can increase expression of aging markers in breast cancer survivors. The study suggests that these treatments can have a more extensive impact on the body than previously thought, leading to accelerated biological aging.
A recent study published in Liver Cancer found that patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid obesity are at a higher risk of liver cancer recurrence after resection. The risk is significantly higher for those with comorbid obesity, increasing by approximately 3.8 times over five years postoperatively.
Researchers created a Comorbid Operative Risk Evaluation (CORE) score to better predict post-surgery mortality. The model accounts for pre-existing chronic illnesses and aims to improve analysis of surgical outcomes using large databases.
A new study found that the IOTA ADNEX ultrasound model can detect up to 96% of ovarian cancers in postmenopausal women, outperforming the current standard test. The research team recommends replacing the risk of malignancy (RMI1) test with the IOTA ADNEX model.
A study found that female physicians are underrepresented in high-compensation specialties compared to non-high-compensation specialties. High-compensation surgical specialties experienced a steady increase in female applicants and matriculants over time.
The University of Pittsburgh has been awarded a 10-year, $100 million contract from the U.S. Department of Defense to continue its Linking Investigations in Trauma and Emergency Services (LITES) Network. The network will fund new research on trauma care and expand ongoing studies.
The 2024 guideline provides comprehensive recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk and managing patients taking SGLT2-inhibitors. It also highlights the importance of judicious screening and evidence-based management of cardiovascular conditions before, during, and after noncardiac surgery.
Researchers at MIT and MGH developed statistical models based on rigorous physiological data from over 100 surgeries, providing accurate measures of nociception. The new models aim to help anesthesiologists optimize drug doses and minimize post-operative pain and side effects.
A nonrandomized clinical trial found that wearable devices can increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and reduce dyspnea at 6 months post-lung cancer surgery. This suggests a promising role for wearable devices in personalizing perioperative rehabilitation strategies.
The 2024 Chinese consensus on radiofrequency therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease standardizes treatment approaches by outlining essential surgical indications, contraindications, and postoperative management. The consensus also highlights the importance of precise energy application to the lower esophagus and cardia.
A new study found that vulnerable patients treated at Commission on Cancer-accredited hospitals had a 9% lower mortality rate and were more likely to receive guideline-based care. This is attributed to CoC accreditation requirements for treatment guideline adherence, community engagement, and addressing barriers to care.
The study reports an overall 5- and 10-year survival of face transplants at 85% and 74%, respectively, making them a viable option for patients with severe facial defects. The majority of these complex cases are typically treated with conventional methods.
The study found that home discharge rates increased more for Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic white patients, highlighting the importance of considering differential outcomes in Medicare payment policies. These findings suggest the need for tailored approaches to address racial and ethnic disparities in joint replacement care.
Biomedical engineers at the University of Rochester have developed a novel technique using ultrasound waves to organize endothelial cells into patterns that promote the growth of new vessel networks. The team aims to treat ischemic injuries caused by damaged tissue in reconstructive and plastic surgeries.
A study analyzing National Joint Registry data found that trainee surgeons' outcomes are comparable to those of more experienced consultants. The rates of subsequent revision surgery were no different between the two groups, suggesting similar skill levels.
A clinical trial by the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group shows striking results from chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors and reduce tissue removal. Patients who received chemotherapy had a 50% chance of preserving vital organs, compared to 15% for those having surgery.
The world's first combined whole eye and face transplant has demonstrated allograft survival, including rejection-free graft survival. The transplanted eye has maintained normal pressure, good blood flow, and some remaining structure and functions in the retina. Researchers are now focused on understanding how to restore sight.
Researchers at McGill University developed AI-guided feedback systems that outperformed human instructors in teaching neurosurgical skills. The study found that expert instruction alone led to poorer surgical learning outcomes, highlighting the potential of AI to enhance learner surgical skills acquisition.
Women with hepatocellular carcinoma are less likely to receive a deceased-donor liver transplant due to sex-based differences in candidate size. The study's findings highlight the need for changes in allocation policy to improve access to size-matched donor livers for smaller candidates.
The MATTERHORN trial shows that transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is non-inferior to surgery in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation, with some safety benefits favouring TEER. The study found no significant difference in efficacy between the two techniques.
Researchers found that supplementing potassium only when levels fell below 3.6 mEq/L was noninferior to the current practice of maintaining higher levels, with no increase in adverse outcomes. Lower thresholds did not worsen clinical outcomes or dysrhythmias.
Continuation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors before major noncardiac surgery was not associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications compared to discontinuation. The study aimed to investigate the impact of continued use of these medications on surgical outcomes.
A study published in The Lancet found that starting medical abortion at home is as safe as in a hospital, with 71% of participants able to be treated as day patients. The procedure also promotes patient autonomy and can reduce healthcare costs.
Recent years have seen therapeutic advances in kidney cancer due to deeper understanding of the disease's biology, with improved treatments and early detection contributing to decreased deaths. Cigarette smoking and being overweight remain major risk factors for kidney cancer.
A team at ETH Zurich successfully conducted the first remote-controlled magnetic endoscopy procedure across a 9,300km distance. The procedure allowed for precise navigation and manipulation of a probe in a live pig's stomach via a joystick controlled by an operator in Zurich.
A new study found that private clinics in Ontario increased cataract surgery rates for higher-income patients after receiving public funding, while lower-income patients saw a 9% decrease in access. The researchers suggest policy changes to address conflicts of interest and ensure equitable access to surgery.
A new treatment approach has been confirmed effective in a major study, showing that locally advanced rectal cancer patients can experience complete tumour disappearance without needing surgery. This method reduces the risk of recurrence and preserves normal bowel function, offering a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
Women undergoing cardiac surgery have a lower risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation compared to men, but are more vulnerable to its associated long-term morbidities. A study found that once atrial fibrillation develops, women have a significantly higher risk of mortality than men.
A recent Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that both hyperoxia and normoxia are safe during cardiac surgery, contradicting previous assumptions. The research discovered no significant differences in organ injury between the two oxygen levels.
A WVU researcher argues that more validation is needed for the increasing number of gallbladder surgeries performed for biliary dyskinesia, a functional gallbladder disorder. The researcher suggests that a combination of factors must come together to diagnose and select patients who would benefit from surgery.
Researchers discuss the role of gut microbiota in regulating basal inflammation levels and promoting healing of the bowel after surgery. Weakened gut barrier function may lead to persistent low-grade inflammation and increased risk of cancer recurrence.
Researchers found distinct molecular responses in skeletal muscle following bariatric surgery between obese individuals and those with additional T2D. Obesity individuals showed improvements in metabolic health, while T2D participants had limited changes.
A uterus transplant was successfully performed on women with absolute uterine-factor infertility, resulting in a high live birth rate. However, the procedure was also associated with significant medical and surgical risks for both recipients and donors.
Researchers found that symptom-triggered testing can pick up early-stage aggressive ovarian cancer in 1 in 4 of those affected. The UK's protocol for picking up early-stage disease is an effective way to diagnose even early-stage ovarian cancer, with complete surgical removal possible in more than three quarters of women.
A novel technique for tissue slicing and cultivation has been introduced, utilizing hierarchical magnetic microneedle array robots to address challenges in clinical settings. The method enables precise control over tissue manipulation and analysis, promising advancements in precision medicine and personalized treatment.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna have identified AF1Q as a promising biomarker to predict gastric cancer recurrence risk. The study found that 97.8% of tumour samples had elevated AF1Q levels, associated with higher recurrence risk and lower survival chances.
A new clinical algorithm developed at the University of Gothenburg can accurately identify highly aggressive forms of basal cell carcinoma. The algorithm uses a combination of clinical and dermoscopic images to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk tumors, allowing for more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
A new mathematical method, validated with experimental animal data, provides fast, reliable, and minimally invasive way of determining how to treat critical blood pressure changes. The method accurately tracks cardiac output and systemic resistance, mirroring estimates from more invasive catheters in some cases.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open reveals significant gender differences in electronic health record (EHR) usage among surgeons. Female surgeons were found to spend more time documenting patient encounters and writing longer notes compared to their male counterparts.
The new guidelines from the Surgical Infection Society offer updated recommendations for antimicrobial agent selection, source control, and treatment of specific pathogens. These evidence-based guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mortality rates from intra-abdominal infections globally.
Experts have established a comprehensive guideline for classifying and treating advanced liver cancer in China. The guidelines recommend personalized treatment options based on tumor characteristics, vascular tumor thrombus grade, distant metastasis, liver function status, portal hypertension, and hepatitis B virus replication status.
A recent study found that female surgical residents are more likely to experience obstetric complications, postpartum depression, and burnout compared to their male counterparts. The research highlights the need for improved support in family planning aspects of healthcare work.
A new study found that an electronic health record (EHR)-based nudge intervention significantly decreased low-value axillary surgery in older women with clinically node-negative, HR+/HER2− breast cancer. The user-friendly intervention could be beneficial for other practice settings or patient populations.
A new surgical method developed in Leipzig offers significant benefits over conventional treatment for cervical cancer, with a 9.4% lower recurrence rate after five years. This innovative approach also leads to a 58% lower risk of mortality from the disease.
The study compared FDG-PET/CT and CT for evaluating treatment response in unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. The results showed that both imaging modalities provided accurate findings for tumor response evaluation, with high concordance between the two methods.
Researchers discuss the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in treating biologically aggressive tumors, such as uterine serous carcinoma. The ADC T-DXd has shown remarkable preclinical activity against primary USC cells lines and xenografts overexpressing HER2/neu.
A new coordinated care model, Trauma Medical Home, has been found to improve psychological recovery and quality of life for older adults with trauma-related injuries. The care model provides comprehensive support, including medication adherence and cognitive assessments, to help patients recover from physical or psychological injury.
A study by Michigan Medicine found that older women over 65 who require complex heart surgery are more likely to be treated at low-quality hospitals, where they also die in greater numbers. The sex disparity in mortality doubled from high-quality to low-quality hospitals.
A study found that transgender people experience barriers in accessing gender-affirming surgery, with participants describing the need for self-advocacy when interacting with healthcare professionals. The findings highlight the need for improved access to gender-affirmation surgery and reduced wait times.
Researchers have developed a minimally invasive surgical technique to remove lesions in the skull base region, reducing damage to the brain and preserving neurological functions. The endoscopic approach results in shorter operative times and less blood loss compared to conventional microscopic surgery.
A recent study published in JAMA found that transgender women on hormone therapy have drastically lower PSA levels, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The researchers analyzed Veterans Health Administration records and recommended caution when interpreting PSA values in transgender women.
A survey of pediatric bariatric surgeons found significant variation in the use of weight loss medications, particularly GLP-1As, in young patients. Most respondents prescribe GLP-1As for patients considering MBS, but preoperative and postoperative practices vary widely.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that AI has helped detect significantly more cases of breast cancer and reduce radiologist workloads. The AI system has been used to analyze tens of thousands of X-rays every year, resulting in a 12% increase in detected cases, including more small tumours of one centimetre or less.
A new outreach program, NESTS, has been developed to address the unique needs of Spanish-speaking trauma patients. The program connects patients with follow-up care, community resources, and social services, helping to improve their recovery outcomes.
A new biomarker has been discovered that can help predict which patients with clear cell renal cancer are at higher risk of recurrence. The 15-gene signature was found to be independently associated with worse disease-free survival and disease-specific survival in two large validation datasets.
A study analyzing data from 6,010 English practices between 2018 and 2022 found that the national average dropped from 29.3% to 19% of patients able to see a preferred doctor. Practices with more doctors and higher same-day appointment rates showed slower declines in continuity.
Researchers have developed a biodegradable scaffold to facilitate bladder tissue growth, reducing complications associated with traditional augmentation procedures. An implantable sensor also enhances patient monitoring, paving the way for improved bladder surgery outcomes.
The ARMMS-T2D study found that bariatric surgery yields greater long-term improvements in quality-of-life compared to medical management, with sustained weight loss correlating with better health and reduced pain.
Researchers analyzed three tumor markers for associations with radiographic response and clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. The study found that CEA, CA-125, and CA-19-9 were associated with progression and radiographic responses in NSCLC.