Articles tagged with Surgery
A Swedish study of 150,000 patients found female surgeons achieved better outcomes and operated more slowly than their male counterparts. The results may shed light on gender differences in the surgical specialty.
Patients treated by female surgeons have a lower risk-adjusted likelihood of adverse postoperative outcomes at 90 days and one year following surgery. The study of over one million patients suggests differences in patient outcomes based on physician sex warrant further investigation into underlying causes and potential solutions.
A tailored exercise program starting three to six weeks after shoulder surgery is the best approach for preventing a secondary shoulder dislocation. Patients who embark on such a program are twice as likely to avoid a recurrent injury than those using exercise alone.
The COP-AF trial tested colchicine's effect on perioperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. The study found no significant reduction in these complications, but showed encouraging signs of benefit for cardiovascular outcomes.
Researchers found a significant increase in pediatric trauma admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, with younger patients and falls from moderate heights being more common. Blood alcohol levels were also higher in patients aged 14-18 years old, suggesting targeted interventions to curb alcohol use may be needed
A recent study found that cast immobilization is as effective as surgery in treating older adults with arm fractures. After one year, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of disability or range of motion. The study included 276 patients aged 70–89 years who suffered a distal radius fracture.
Gender-affirming surgeries in the US increased nearly threefold from 2016 to 2019, with breast and chest procedures being the most common. The number of genital surgical procedures performed rose with increasing age, indicating a growing trend among older individuals seeking gender-affirming care.
A randomized clinical trial found that a preoperative augmented reality walkthrough decreased preoperative anxiety compared to traditional education and handouts. However, there was no significant impact on postoperative anxiety, pain levels, or narcotic use in patients undergoing surgery.
A first-in-human trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for post-stroke rehabilitation patients has shown that DBS to target the dentate nucleus improves motor impairment and function, with gains nearly tripling initial scores. The study also found significant improvements in quality of life.
A survey study found that gender-affirming mastectomies result in low levels of decisional regret and high satisfaction among patients. This suggests that current validated instruments may not be suitable for assessing post-surgical outcomes.
Critically ill children on ventilator support can experience patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA), which worsens outcomes. Researchers are using machine learning to develop a common set of definitions and measurements for PVA in pediatric patients, aiming to minimize risks and improve clinical outcomes.
Researchers highlight the need for effective treatment strategies for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck, which is a highly malignant tumor with variable localizations. Proton therapy shows decisive advantages in long-term survival rates for ACC.
A new Harvard-led research suggests that the thymus, often considered expendable in adults, actually plays a crucial role in maintaining adult immune health and preventing cancer. The study found that patients who had their thymus removed had a nearly threefold higher risk of death from various causes, including cancer.
A large clinical trial found that surgery does not increase the number of days patients with advanced cancer are alive and out of the hospital, but improves symptoms and quality of life. Patients who underwent surgery reported fewer bowel-related symptoms after leaving the hospital.
A new study found that 81% of women report persistent GI symptoms years after diagnosis, with abdominal bloating and gas being the most common. The analysis also showed that severe GI symptoms are linked to poor quality of life, social activities, and body image satisfaction.
A new open-source software, NMSM Pipeline, enables clinicians and engineers to create personalized computer models of patient movement to optimize treatment designs. The software uses physics-based models to predict and optimize functional outcomes for patients with various mobility impairments.
PSMA PET imaging provides prognostic information on cancer recurrence risk before treatment, improving personalized treatments and guiding surgical plans. The tool outperforms current standard tests in predicting biochemical recurrence, a critical factor in determining cancer-specific mortality.
A recent study found that major US cities with larger proportions of Black residents are more likely to be affected by mass shooting events. The research suggests that addressing factors associated with structural racism could help prevent such incidents and reduce gun violence.
A new study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health found that women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer have increased biological aging compared to those who remain free of breast cancer. Radiation therapy showed the strongest association with faster biological aging, while surgery had no effect.
A multidisciplinary team implemented a quality improvement project to reduce hypothermia in NICU babies before, during, and after surgery. The project resulted in significant decreases in intraoperative and postoperative hypothermia rates, demonstrating the effectiveness of standardized temperature monitoring and thermal support.
A team of UVA Health experts warns that surgeon-scientists are struggling to obtain research funding, which could lead to a decline in innovations for patients. The researchers found that internal medicine trainees are six times more likely to secure R01 grants and career development awards.
A University of Otago study reveals that pre-operative high-intensity interval training can significantly improve patient outcomes after surgery, with a 56% reduction in post-operative complications. The study also found that participants who underwent HIIT prior to surgery stayed in the hospital for three fewer days on average.
A study by Potnuru et al. found cannabis use disorder associated with modestly increased perioperative morbidity and mortality after major elective surgery. The findings support preoperative screening for cannabis use disorder to inform risk stratification.
A new study published in Human Reproduction found that women with endometriosis are more likely to experience a reduction in live births before receiving a definitive diagnosis. The research, which included over 18,000 women with surgically-confirmed endometriosis, showed that the number of first live births among these women was half ...
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies found that preoperative high-intensity interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness. The study also suggests that this type of training may reduce postoperative complications among adults undergoing major surgery, supporting its inclusion in pre-habilitation programs.
A new device combines rapid hemorrhage management, infection control, and sensing capabilities for long-term monitoring. The device features a tunable biodegradation rate and can detect bleeding in real-time using a nanowire-based capacitive sensor.
A 12-year study by Pennington Biomedical researchers found that metabolic surgery provides better results, less regression, compared to medical or lifestyle intervention for patients with class 1 obesity. The study showed significant improvements in glycemic control and weight loss, with high rates of diabetes remission.
A new study suggests that more women should be aware of the potential for revision surgery after cosmetic breast augmentation. The researchers found that those who consider themselves healthier and have higher levels of education are less likely to undergo or recommend the procedure.
A study found that even insured patients with diabetes use crowdfunding platforms like GoFundMe to cover excess medical expenses, including uncovered co-pays and life-saving care. Researchers urge policymakers to consider these needs when developing affordable diabetes care policies.
The Lancet Commission proposes three priority areas for surgery: addressing trauma, congenital anomalies, and non-communicable diseases, while promoting inclusion and diversity in research. Surgery has a key role in global health challenges, and moving towards net-zero operating practices could reduce carbon emissions.
A network meta-analysis of 10 studies found expert panel-based and computer-based aesthetic outcome evaluation scored lower than patient-perceived outcomes. Standardization of tools with racially and culturally inclusive patient-reported measures is needed to improve clinical assessment of breast cancer patients.
A phase 3 trial found that extending lymphadenectomy beyond the standard procedure does not reduce disease recurrence or improve survival in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer. Instead, it increases the risk of adverse events and post-surgical death.
Metabolic and bariatric surgery use among US youth increased significantly from 2020 to 2021, rising by 50% compared to pre-pandemic years. Adults saw a decline in MBS rates during the same period, highlighting shifts in healthcare access and utilization.
A recent study compared robotic and laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer, finding that robotic surgery has superior short-term outcomes but comparable long-term results. The authors suggest considering 3D/4K displays over traditional 2D displays as a more favorable alternative for those without robotic capabilities.
Researchers discuss chemotherapeutic resistance in recurring ovarian cancer, focusing on the unfolded protein response and its effect on polyploid giant cancer cells. Understanding this mechanism could lead to investigating cancer cell molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
A multicenter study found that deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis significantly improved radiologists' diagnostic performance for breast lesion classification on ultrasound. The use of CAD resulted in a 6.0% upgrade of BI-RADS category 3 assessments to category 4A, with 16.7% being malignant.
A new study reveals that Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a major financial burden on health services in LMICs, with patients experiencing higher costs for postoperative care. Investing in health technologies to reduce SSI could help improve healthcare quality and save lives.
The Chinese consensus highlights non-acid reflux as a significant form of reflux, with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux being a common subtype. The consensus also emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary care in diagnosing and treating GERD, with various treatment options available.
Researchers at MIT have designed new 'smart' sutures that can deliver drugs or sense inflammation after surgery. The bioderived sutures use hydrogel coatings to detect early warning signs of complications, such as Crohn's disease, and can also release therapeutic molecules to promote healing.
A new commentary from infectious disease experts emphasizes the importance of continued masking in healthcare settings due to low evidence of efficacy and high transmission risks. Despite recent conflicting views, the authors argue that mask-wearing remains a crucial strategy for infection prevention.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University found that cells near wavy shaped wounds moved in a swirling manner, while those near straight wounds moved in straight lines. This discovery reveals that the swirling motion is crucial for gap-bridging and accelerates wound healing in wavy wounds.
Researchers found that immune-modulating cells may slow the expansion of bulges in the aorta by creating a less-inflammatory environment. A second study discovered evidence that a COVID-19 infection promotes the enlargement of abdominal aortic aneurysms, which are extremely dangerous and potentially fatal if they rupture.
A randomized clinical trial found that providing palliative care at the time of cancer surgery did not improve patient outcomes, including quality of life and survival. The study suggests that surgeons should not be reluctant to call for palliative care consultations based on fear of upsetting patients.
Researchers developed 'smart' coatings that monitor strain on implants to prevent infection and provide early failure warning. The coatings, inspired by dragonfly and cicada wings, integrate flexible sensors with antibacterial surfaces.
A randomized controlled trial shows that a best endovascular treatment first revascularisation strategy is more effective in preventing major amputation and death than a vein bypass first strategy for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. The study, BASIL-2, recruited 345 patients from the UK, Sweden, and Denmark and found ...
Researchers discuss the importance of biomarkers in breast lump management, enabling patients to make informed decisions between proactive treatment and watchful waiting. The development of biomarkers could provide personalized risk assessments and guide treatment strategies for women with breast lumps.
New research published in the journal SURGERY found that obesity is associated with increased risk of complications following surgery, including infection, blood clots, and kidney complications. Patients with overweight or obesity had higher risk-adjusted odds of developing these post-operative outcomes compared to those of normal weight.
Researchers analyzed outcomes for 144 Colorado patients who had lymph node sampling at the time of surgery for kidney tumors between 2005 and 2019. They found no statistically significant difference in clinically significant complications between patients who underwent more extensive lymph node sampling than those who didn’t.
A first-of-its-kind study has estimated that transgender women taking estrogen are at a higher risk for prostate cancer, with 14 cases per 10,000 people. The study found disparities in diagnosis rates among different racial groups.
A national pilot program evaluated the implementation of geriatric surgery standards in eight hospitals with variable sizes and resources, finding high levels of compliance. The study highlights the scalability and feasibility of the program, which aims to optimize care for older adults in a wide range of hospital settings.
The guideline provides guidance on definitive local therapy options for non-small cell lung cancer with limited extracranial metastases. It emphasizes the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to treatment decisions.
A growing number of states have implemented policies to cover outpatient hemodialysis for undocumented immigrants with kidney failure. This expansion may be due to increased awareness of poor outcomes with emergency hemodialysis and advocacy efforts. The move towards covering dialysis in all 50 states is called for by experts, who also...
The US military medical system is not ready to handle major conflicts with near-peer adversaries, who possess similar military capabilities. Prolonged field care training and strong patient data are crucial to address the challenges of evacuating wounded soldiers and providing specialized surgical care.
Researchers found deaths from gallstone disease increased in younger populations and those with Medicaid after Medicaid expansion, highlighting the need for proactive prevention over reactive emergency care. A new healthcare model emphasizing primary care and prevention is proposed to address these inequities.
Researchers developed a method to convert eggshells into amorphous calcium phosphate particles, which were found to be safe, cell-friendly, and effective in promoting bone regeneration. The findings promise to create an eco-friendly alternative to commercialized xenograft materials.
Researchers found that participants with lower written health literacy experienced longer delays in initiating postoperative radiation therapy. The study controlled for demographic and clinical factors, highlighting the importance of health literacy in cancer care.
Researchers developed a system to grade and predict surgical complications by analyzing 51,030 cases. The system uses Bayesian network modeling to identify key risk factors and clusters, enabling precise prediction of surgical outcomes.
A recent study led by Dr Rachael Rigby from Lancaster University found that delays in stoma reversal surgery do not impact on risk of complications or commensal microflora loss, atrophy, or scarring. However, a higher degree of microflora loss is associated with an increased risk of complications.
A study found that sleeve gastrectomy decreases bone mineral density and strength in adolescents and young adults. Participants who underwent weight loss surgery lost significant amounts of weight and experienced reductions in abdominal fat tissue and muscle mass.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found that minority ethnic groups are less successful in applying to specialty training programmes in the NHS. Female applicants had a higher success rate overall, but certain specialities tend to appeal more to one gender or the other.