Articles tagged with Expression Levels
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of the DNA sequences that control gene expression in human cells, identifying 2.37 million potential regulatory elements. This registry reveals previously unrecognized classes of elements and illuminates how noncoding genetic variation contributes to cell type-specific traits.
UCSF researchers develop a new strategy to prime CAR T cell therapy by combining it with diabetes drugs, increasing the efficacy of NECTIN4-CAR T cells in treating urothelial carcinoma. The study shows that using thiazolidinediones enhances NECTIN4 expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to the treatment.
Scientists have discovered that MYOD protein can act as a gene silencer, clearing out old 'furniture' to reset the cell's identity. This finding challenges dogma and opens up new avenues for understanding cellular reprogramming and regenerative medicine therapies.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
Researchers at MIT developed a control circuit that can precisely regulate gene expression levels, improving the efficacy and safety of gene therapy treatments. The 'COMMAND' circuit uses microRNA to suppress gene expression, allowing for tighter control over treatment outcomes.
Research reveals that certain types of nasal bacteria can affect protein levels in the respiratory tract, increasing vulnerability to COVID-19. The study identified three common bacteria linked to higher expression levels and increased risk, while another type may offer protection.
A new study using a novel mouse strain expressing Halo-tagged SOCS1 reveals that the inhibitor needs to exceed a threshold level to suppress GM-CSF and IFN-gamma signaling. The findings emphasize SOCS1's crucial function in modulating cytokine signaling.
Kobe University researchers discovered three gene regulation design principles to improve yeast promoter performance, reducing leakiness and increasing productivity. The study's findings have potential applications in hospitals and can be used to produce multiple biologics with a single yeast strain.
Researchers developed a novel lentivirus-based gene therapy strategy in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, which showed therapeutic levels of expression of the anti-sickling beta globin protein. Cyclosporin improved transduction efficiency and preserved cell viability.
A new study analyzed data from over 700 Swedish children, finding associations between gender nonconformity and autistic traits, behavioral difficulties, and peer relationship problems. Higher levels of nonconforming play were linked to increased behavioral challenges in both sexes.
Researchers identified CYP2J2 as a key enzyme in austocystin D-mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of CYP2J2 enhanced cytotoxic effects, while depletion reduced sensitivity to austocystin D.
Researchers have discovered that dialyl-sulfide and trans-chalcone can prevent breast cancer by targeting SULT1E1 and HIF1a-MMPs. These compounds neutralize oxidative stress and induce the expression of SULT1E1, leading to decreased HIF1a and MMP production.
Researchers find that unabsorbed dietary polyphenols can reduce the risk of type II diabetes by regulating blood glucose levels and appetite through secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. Polyphenol-mediated binding and activation of T2R promotes the release of incretins, which regulate insulin secretion and food intake.
A research team has identified novel biomarkers in cervical mucus samples that show high diagnostic power for detecting cervical cancer. The findings suggest that analyzing local expression levels may offer a superior diagnostic strategy, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures.
Researchers discovered a unique protective mechanism in pancreatic β-cells, relying on elevated levels of pro-survival proteins like cFLIP. This discovery challenges the dominant paradigm and offers new insights into diabetes research, potentially leading to novel strategies for preserving β-cell function.
Researchers at U of T mapped the spatial distribution of long non-coding RNAs in testes, finding higher levels than previously estimated. The study suggests lncRNAs play a more significant role in male reproduction and may influence sperm development and behavior.
Researchers found correlations between MIF and DDT levels with patient survival outcomes in melanoma patients. Higher CD74:MIF and CD74:DDT levels were associated with improved survival and enrichment of inflammatory markers.
A new DNA methylation array can assess methylation levels of genes in imprint control regions, which regulate the expression of imprinted genes. The array has 22,000 probes and can identify potential links between environmental exposures and epigenetic dysregulation in diseases.
Researchers found that domestic hens exhibit distinct facial expressions, including flushing and feather fluffing, to convey different emotions. The study provides a window into the emotional lives of farmed poultry, potentially improving their welfare.
A new study published in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics found that siRNA reduces huntingtin mRNA levels in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of mouse brains, suggesting a limitation in its effectiveness for treating Huntington's disease. The research highlights the importance of understanding the structure and function of nuclear RNA to ...
A study found that living in disadvantaged neighborhoods is associated with higher stress-related gene activity, which could contribute to aggressive prostate cancer in African American men. The research also linked five genes related to inflammation to an increased risk of prostate cancer.
Researchers found increased liver oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses in a DS murine model. The study suggests potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism to prevent or mitigate liver-related complications.
A study published in PNAS reveals that ETV5 enhances the expression of osteopontin, leading to the differentiation of T cells into follicular helper cells. In SLE patients, disease activity is proportional to ETV5 and osteopontin levels, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for treating lupus.
A Kobe University study finds that high-scoring essays prioritize complex meaning and diverse expressions, not grammatical complexity. The researcher advocates for a shift in test scoring rubrics to reflect this, suggesting 'contextually appropriate grammar' should be used instead of 'complex grammar'.
Researchers discover that epigenetic marks, particularly H3K27ac, are crucial for instructing genes to express themselves and generate folds. The Cux2 protein is found to be a master factor that utilizes the epigenetic landscape to regulate gene expression, leading to the formation of folds in the cerebral cortex.
Scientists discover that multiciliated cells use cell division to control hair-like projections called cilia. This adaptation breaks the cancer-preventing rule of making only four centrioles per cell, producing hundreds instead.
Researchers found a significant reduction in serine racemase protein levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal subfields of aged rats compared to young rats, suggesting a role in age-associated decline of NMDA receptor function. No sex differences were observed in serine racemase expression.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology developed a computational method to link gene activity to molecular marks on DNA, potentially aiding in the detection of solid tumors and more accurate cancer diagnoses. This new approach utilizes machine learning tools to identify connections between genes and enhancers in the genome.
Researchers discovered that killifish embryos co-opted ancient genes, originating over 473 million years ago, to enable diapause during the annual dry season. The team found significant overlap in gene expression patterns between killifish and other animals, including house mice, suggesting a common mechanism for diapause evolution.
Researchers found that GZ17-6.02 killed uveal melanoma cells by enhancing autophagy, inactivating key proteins, and reducing growth factors. The compound also interacted with doxorubicin and ERBB inhibitors to enhance tumor cell killing, suggesting potential as a single agent or combination therapy.
Researchers found that miR-377 reduces MYC mRNA levels, leading to increased Bax and PTEN expression and decreased CDK4. This results in induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, and arrested cell cycle in prostate cancer cells.
Researchers review cell-based therapies for comprehensive sepsis management, highlighting the potential of mesenchymal stem cells and innate immune cells like macrophages. The review also emphasizes the need for further studies on optimal dosage, administration routes, and storage methods to maximize efficacy and safety.
Researchers found elevated expression of RPGRIP1L in invasive breast cancer specimens, correlating with shorter survival times and unfavorable clinicopathological features. The study identified 50 genes and 15 proteins related to RPGRIP1L expression, including those involved in immune response and metabolism.
A research team at Kyoto University found that interactive AI programs can reduce prejudice and anxiety among historically divided ethnic groups in Afghanistan during online interactions. Participants in the AI intervention group showed more engagement and significantly less prejudice and anxiety compared to the control group.
Researchers investigate senescence phenotypes of human corneal endothelial cells upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-A. Cells exhibit enlarged morphology, increased β-galactosidase activity and decreased proliferation. UV-A-induced senescent cells show similar gene expression profiles to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cells.
A review of mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy reveals disrupted dynamics and oxidative stress as key triggers. Targeted therapies, such as antioxidants and ketogenic diets, show promise in combating this debilitating condition.
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered a signal protein called ERK that plays an active role in causing growing lung tissue to curve. This finding reveals a previously unknown regulatory system governing the development of intricate branching patterns in mouse lungs.
Researchers suggest that decreased expression of long genes contributes to aging, with potential links to neurodegenerative diseases and premature aging. This phenomenon can be mitigated by known anti-aging factors like dietary restriction.
Research reveals that FoxO6 upregulates ApoC3, leading to increased lipid accumulation and liver damage in aged rats on a high-fat diet. The study suggests that targeting this pathway may offer therapeutic strategies against hepatic steatosis.
Researchers have discovered that PR55α, a regulatory subunit of PP2A phosphatase, inhibits p16 expression and blocks cellular senescence induction by γ-irradiation. This finding provides a new insight into the regulation of the p16/RB pathway in response to stressors.
Researchers developed chronological age prediction models by analyzing gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex, identifying genes associated with aging and potential mechanisms. The models showed high correlation with age and demonstrated female and male-specific differences.
A Kyoto University research group developed RENGE, a computational model to estimate gene regulatory networks in multicellular organisms. The method measures time-series gene expression and uses the proprietary model to infer regulatory dynamics.
Researchers discovered GZ17-6.02's ability to interact with proteasome inhibitors in a greater than additive fashion to kill multiple myeloma cells and alone inhibit inhibitor-resistant cells. The compound combination also activated key pathways and increased autophagosome formation, leading to tumor cell killing.
A bioinformatics analysis identified 71 differentially expressed genes in colorectal cancer, with Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) emerging as a key player. KLF4 was associated with immune cell infiltration and poor prognosis in overall survival analyses.
Researchers developed an oxidative stress-based prognostic model for bladder cancer, identifying distinct molecular subtypes and predicting patient outcomes. The model shows promise in tailoring personalized treatment approaches, particularly for patients with low-risk profiles.
Researchers decode underlying mechanisms of DCM, hippocampal neurotoxicity, and dysbiosis mediated AD progression using mass spectrometry imaging. The studies found metabolic changes in DCM rat hearts and regulation of CYPs in the hippocampus, providing new perspectives on treatment strategies.
A new mouse study reveals that the gut microbiome interacts with the loss of female sex hormones to exacerbate metabolic disease. The research suggests that the gut microbiome contributes to weight gain, fat in the liver, and inflammation, particularly in women after menopause.
Researchers found that USP1 inhibits cdc42, increases EWS-FLI1 transcriptional output, and simulates Ewing sarcoma growth. A pharmacological inhibitor of USP1 activated cdc42 and inhibited Ewing sarcoma growth.
Researchers found significantly higher levels of IL-18 expression in osteoarthritis patients and cells compared to healthy controls. IL-17 promoted IL-18 production through the MEK/ERK/miR-4492 axis, indicating potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
Researchers found Mad2 gene expression levels correlate with chromosomal abnormalities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting potential as a clinical biomarker. The study also revealed the deregulation of the Rb-E2F1 circuit and its impact on histone modifications.
Researchers found elevated PROX1 levels in advanced colon adenocarcinoma, correlating with poor prognosis. PROX1 modulates CRC cell behavior, influencing invasiveness and survival outcomes. The combined PROX1/α-SMA gene set emerges as a potential CRC prognostic marker.
Researchers found XRCC1 to have both positive and negative correlations with prognosis across different tumors. The study also revealed associations between XRCC1 expression and DNA methylation patterns, TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration levels, and immune checkpoint gene expression.
Scientists have successfully replicated QS-21, a potent vaccine adjuvant, in an alternative plant host for the first time. This breakthrough enables the production of this highly valued compound in a more sustainable manner.
Researchers found that high levels of FSP1 are associated with relapse after cisplatin treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Targeting FSP1 can attenuate tumor stemness and downregulate invasion and metastatic rates, suggesting a potential new approach for treating drug-tolerant persister cancer cells.
Researchers have developed a new III-V semiconductor nanocavity that confines light at levels below the diffraction limit, enabling fast data transmission and reduced energy consumption. The achievement demonstrates deep sub-wavelength confinement of light in a topology-optimized InP nanocavity.
Researchers analyzed LTBR expression levels in various cancers, finding it associated with low patient survival and immune cell infiltration. The study identified LTBR as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy and marker of poor prognosis.
A groundbreaking study identifies FAM3C as a key regulator of breast cancer progression within the tumor microenvironment. The overexpression of FAM3C promotes breast cancer cell survival and metastasis, while its depletion inhibits tumor growth in genetically engineered mouse models.
A new study reveals that RNA binding motif protein X-linked (RBMX) plays a crucial role in predicting cancer prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Abnormal expression of RBMX is associated with immune regulation, tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Researchers studied the effects of resveratrol on circadian clock gene expression in young and older human adipose-derived progenitor cells. They found increased levels of some components in older-APCs compared to young-APCs, but also observed gained rhythmicity of some components after resveratrol treatment.
Researchers identified RBM5 as a key regulator of HOXA9 expression in leukemia cells, revealing its dual function in DNA and RNA handling. Removing RBM5 from cells significantly reduced HOXA9 mRNA levels, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia treatment.