Articles tagged with Genes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers create a novel paradigm for adding non-canonical amino acids to proteins by using four RNA nucleotides instead of the traditional three. This approach allows for efficient and targeted incorporation of new building blocks into specific sites in target proteins, enabling the creation of tailored proteins with unique functions.
A research team at Hiroshima University developed an analytical pipeline to identify unexploited genes associated with Parkinson's disease and oxidative stress. The study revealed two novel candidate genes, NUPR1 and UHRF2, which were absent from current gene-disease associations databases.
Researchers predict that circular RNAs will play a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, enabling innovative diagnostic and therapeutic developments. The study highlights the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers, therapy targets, and even immune response inducers against cancer cells.
A cross-sectional study found that men from disadvantaged neighborhoods had higher stress-related gene expression in their prostate tumors. This association suggests a potential link between neighborhood factors and aggressive prostate cancer.
Hybrids between two manakin species in Panama have remained relatively stable over the past 30 years, with minimal changes in genomic markers. The phenotypic transition zone also shows stability, with only one trait having shifted location, suggesting a potential selection for green bellies.
A research team from Göttingen University has discovered that antisense RNA (asRNA) plays a crucial role in cell transport, allowing cells to accelerate gene expression and produce proteins quickly in response to environmental stress or harm. This new understanding sheds light on the function of asRNAs and their potential link to disea...
A comprehensive molecular portrait of KRAS has been established, revealing its key role in pancreatic cancer progression and resistance to treatment. The study identifies ERK as a critical regulator of KRAS activity, with implications for developing targeted therapies.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
Researchers analyzed the genome of Corylus chinensis to understand its demographic history and adaptive potential. They found species-specific gene families involved in adaptation and identified diverged genetic lineages with southwest-northern differentiation patterns.
A study utilizing RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq data identified key transposable elements (TEs) linked to myocarditis. These findings reveal a significant role for TEs in modulating immune responses, providing new insights into cardiomyopathy's pathogenesis.
Researchers at Hiroshima University identified 14 genes that are up-regulated and eight genes that are down-regulated when responding to five specific abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and cold. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to environmental stressors.
A study found specific genetic mutations, including a previously reported mutation and a novel variant, linked to DJS. The mutations disrupt the liver's ability to eliminate waste products, leading to a buildup of bilirubin.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have identified the first prehistoric person with mosaic Turner syndrome, characterized by one X chromosome instead of two. The study also found the earliest known incidence of Jacob's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and an infant with Down Syndrome in ancient DNA samples.
Researchers from National University of Singapore have synthesised a redesigned yeast chromosome XV, comprising 1.05 million base pairs. The novel technology, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mitotic recombination with endoreduplication (CRIMiRE), speeds up the assembly process, allowing for rapid reconfiguration of the synthetic chromosome.
A new study confirms the presence of deadly Vibrio bacteria in Florida's coastal waters following Hurricane Ian. The research, led by University of Maryland senior author Rita Colwell, found high levels of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, particularly in oyster samples from Lee County.
A recent study classified clubmosses into seven primary clades and nineteen genera, with twelve newly described genera. This classification offers advantages for analysis, communication, and conservation of these ancient vascular plants.
Scientists successfully transfer a longevity gene from naked mole rats to mice, resulting in improved health and a 4.4% increase in median lifespan. The gene enhances cellular repair and protection, reducing inflammation and cancer risk, paving the way for potential human longevity benefits.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology identified the WOX13 gene as a key negative regulator of shoot regeneration in plants. The study found that WOX13 inhibits a subset of shoot meristem regulators while directly activating cell wall modifier genes involved in cell expansion and differentiation.
Researchers have discovered that gene editing technologies may introduce unintended mutations and damage to DNA in early human embryos. The study found that most cells repair breaks in the DNA using non-homologous end joining, which can lead to additional genetic abnormalities.
Researchers analyzed 557 subjects to link genetic variations, brain structure, and behavior to intelligence test performance. They found specific brain areas where gene variations influence brain characteristics, which in turn affect intelligence.
Researchers at NIH's National Human Genome Research Institute identified a gene, KTD1, that provides resistance to the K28 toxin in yeast. This discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying toxin resistance and has implications for understanding human toxin resistance.
A Geisinger Health System study found that individuals with an additional X or Y chromosome have a four to five times higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, a life-threatening condition. The analysis included data from over 642,000 patients and suggests that identifying those at high risk could minimize unnecessary illness a...
Researchers have solved an 80-year-old medical mystery that causes kidney damage in children and can be fatal in babies. They discovered a gene mutation is the primary cause, but found that around 10% of patients without the mutation still experience symptoms.
Researchers at Okayama University discovered genes and proteins responsible for the rapid contraction of axopodia in Heliozoa, a group of eukaryotes. The study identified key players in microtubule disruption, including katanin p60, kinesin, and calcium signaling proteins.
Researchers found four genetic populations of the finless porpoise in Chinese waters and three in the Gulf of Thailand, with unique matriline lineages. The study suggests ongoing gene flow among populations, requiring careful evaluation of inter-population connectivity for conservation action.
A gene called CRTC1 suppresses obesity when functioning in specific neurons, but its deletion leads to overeating and weight gain. Researchers created mice with a modified version of the gene to study its effects on obesity and diabetes.
Researchers from the Netherlands Cancer Institute have discovered a new 'mystery gene' responsible for maturing the actin protein, a main component of the cell skeleton. The findings shed light on the complex process by which proteins are completed and functional in cells, with potential implications for understanding muscle diseases.
Researchers discovered a rare genetic mutation that may lead to better diabetes treatments for patients, regardless of whether they inherited the mutation. The study found that carriers of the mutation had lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of ceramides in their blood.
A new study found that ageing desexualizes the Drosophila brain transcriptome, causing both males and females to exhibit reduced gene expression differences. This effect is larger in males than females, indicating a weaker investment in sexual behaviors as they age.
Researchers have developed Fanflow4Insects, a functional annotation workflow that annotates gene functions in insects. The team has annotated the Japanese stick insect and silkworm, providing valuable information for entomological research and genome editing.
Researchers found that tendons, not muscles, are the key site where increased mechanosensitivity translates to better running and jumping capabilities. High expression of the calcium-ion channel mechanoreceptor coincided with wider tendons composed of larger collagen fibrils.
Scientists have identified the DOMINANT AWN INHIBITOR (DAI) gene in sorghum, which regulates the absence and shortening of awns. The gene encodes a protein that negatively regulates awn formation as a transcription factor, with implications for breeding modern awnless cultivars.
A study led by Brigham and Women's Hospital investigators has revealed that alpha-synuclein plays a dual role in Parkinson's disease, interacting with both vesicles and P-body structures. This new understanding may lead to targeted treatments for the disease, with ongoing genetic studies aiming to identify optimal therapeutic targets.
Researchers identify genetic determinants of immune phenotypes in type 1 diabetes, highlighting 11 genes as potential candidates for new treatments. Genetic variants affecting T-cell composition and cytokine production were found to be significantly involved in the disease.
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified five genes that enable efficient sleep, contrasting with current thinking that lack of sleep accelerates neurodegeneration. These genes may confer protections against neurological disease and improve sleep quality, paving the way for new treatments.
Scientists have discovered the orf137 gene responsible for male sterility in tomato plants, enabling the development of an efficient F1 hybrid breeding system. The study also demonstrates targeted mutagenesis and homologous recombination mechanisms underlying this trait.
Researchers discovered a population of Colorado blue columbines that have lost their petals and nectar spurs due to a single gene mutation. The finding supports the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, suggesting that adaptation can occur in large jumps rather than gradual changes over extended timespans.
Researchers developed a new method to complete genetic data gaps using haplotype blocks, improving breeding efficiency in plants. The approach has shown comparable quality to collecting more information from DNA strands, reducing costs in animal and plant breeding.
Researchers from Hiroshima University analyzed 839 collections of genetic material to identify common features of oxidative stress. They found two genes, CRIP1 and CRIP3, downregulated during oxidative stress, suggesting a relationship with zinc homeostasis. The study also identified shared biological processes between the two types of...
Researchers found that patients with a rare genetic condition may develop chronic inflammatory bone diseases due to an impaired response to interferon gamma. The study suggests that this impairment leads to excessive osteoclast proliferation and increased bone resorption, causing multifocal osteomyelitis.
Researchers found that high levels of complement protein Ba are a reliable indicator of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy development, contrary to previous reports. The study's findings provide hope for developing prophylactic treatments to prevent the disease.
A study published in Nature Communications found that microRNA-455 helps regulate cartilage homeostasis and slows cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. By targeting the gene hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, miR-455 treatment inhibits cartilage breakdown.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified a microRNA molecule that can silence specific cancer-promoting genes, overcoming resistance to certain drugs. The study found that the miRNA target multiple genes and pathways simultaneously, making its impact potent.