Articles tagged with Genes
Researchers classified liver cancer into three molecular subtypes based on lipid droplet-associated genes, identifying PLIN3 as a key regulator of tumor progression. The study provides insights into metabolic reprogramming and heterogeneity in HCC, offering a framework for personalized prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
Scientists have discovered a genetic link to back pain, finding that changes in gene activity can lead to the breakdown of spinal discs. The study suggests that phosphate handling and fat metabolism may hold promise as future drug targets.
Researchers found that people with well-controlled HIV have more fibrosis in their fat tissues, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The study also identified a blood marker of scarred fat, which may help predict metabolic future for individuals with HIV.
A recent study published in Biological Diversity reveals that ecological selection drives population differentiation and local adaptation in Capsella bursa-pastoris, a widely distributed annual herb. Genome-wide scans identified 54 candidate genes under positive selection related to energy metabolism and other processes.
Researchers have identified a new powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm72, from wild einkorn wheat that will be useful for wheat breeding. The gene was found to confer effective resistance to all ten pathogen isolates tested and can be detected using a diagnostic marker.
Researchers at University of California San Diego have developed a large-scale screening approach that identifies proteins controlling alternative polyadenylation (APA), a fundamental step in gene expression. The study reveals 63 high-confidence activators of poly(A) site usage, including seven new regulators previously unknown.
A study from Hiroshima University identifies enhancer sequences active during worker bee metamorphosis, revealing key genetic mechanisms regulating social caste development in honeybees. The research provides direct evidence of transcription factor binding sites and sheds light on the evolution of honeybee sociality.
Researchers developed a gene therapy that restored normal brain activity and improved behavior in mice with Fragile X syndrome by replacing the missing FMRP protein. The treatment administered during early development showed significant improvements in cognitive flexibility, social interactions, and probabilistic reversal learning.
A team of researchers from Hiroshima University has identified a unique molecule, GPR3, that rapidly responds to upstream signals and induces downstream signaling in neurons. This discovery sheds light on the early stages of neuronal development and its dysregulation in neurological disorders.
Researchers found that nanozeolite-coupled biochar fertilizer reduced soil-derived carbon dioxide emissions by 11-18% compared to conventional phosphorus fertilizer. The biochar-based fertilizer also reduced the Q10 value, indicating a decrease in soil carbon decomposition under warming.
Researchers have made major steps toward solving the mystery of how brain aneurysms form by identifying key cell types and genetic pathways involved. The study's findings provide new insights into a clinical paradox: smaller aneurysms can still rupture, and offer opportunities for early intervention to prevent ruptures.
A new study reveals that the three-step 'detour' pathway for making dolichol is more universal than initially thought, with evidence suggesting that yeast and other eukaryotes rely on overlapping biochemical pathways. Dolichol biosynthesis is crucial for protein glycosylation and preventing congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Researchers identified specific gene mutations and characteristics associated with early-onset breast cancer in young Black women. The study highlights the importance of genetic testing for this population, which faces lower screening rates than other groups.
Researchers discovered a novel gene BM-SZ that regulates sorghum's cuticular wax accumulation and drought tolerance. The study highlights the gene's essential role in epicuticular wax formation during sorghum evolution.
The study found that population-based pathogenic variant testing reveals different subsets of high-risk women than clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores. This highlights the importance of incorporating PV testing into risk-based screening for breast cancer.
Researchers found that smaller tetraploid cancer cells are more aggressive and tumorigenic, associated with worse prognosis and lower survival rates in several cancer types. This discovery challenges the conventional understanding of tetraploidy's role in cancer progression.
Researchers at Hiroshima University identified a critical boundary in the immune-regulating RELA gene that helps predict how harmful mutations cause disease. This finding could improve diagnosis and treatment for patients with autosomal dominant RELA deficiency, a rare inherited inflammatory disease.
Davis Joseph's groundbreaking discovery identifies three universal cancer types based on protein and RNA malfunction, paving the way for an organ-agnostic treatment. The research also developed a unified apoptosis network flowsheet, comprising approximately 100 pathways, which can be applied to various cancers.
Researchers found a protein called RAB5c that helps white blood cells kill Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus. Without this protein, immune cells are disarmed despite attacking at full force. The discovery could lead to new treatments for patients with weakened immune systems.
A new international study found that genetic variations in the PAM gene can reduce the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor medications, such as Ozempic. Researchers discovered that 44% of people with these genetic variants experienced reduced glucose lowering properties, and only 11% achieved recommended glucose levels.
A research team has identified two distinct genetic lineages corresponding to low- and high-altitude habitats in Capsella bursa-pastoris. Genome-wide scans detected 54 candidate genes under positive selection, highlighting temperature seasonality and precipitation as key drivers of adaptive divergence.
The study identified a critical boron transporter gene, BnaC3.BOR1, which regulates boron distribution and tissue-level homeostasis in Brassica napus L. Null mutants exhibited heightened sensitivity to boron deprivation, leading to stunted growth and yield loss.
A new study found that natural selection favored Indigenous Andeans with high numbers of salivary amylase genes, leading to a higher frequency of these genes in the population. This suggests that potatoes played a crucial role in shaping the genetic makeup of this population.
Researchers at MIT discovered that gene circuits can reshape DNA folding and affect gene expression in human cells. The study found that rearranging genes along a DNA strand, or 'gene syntax,' can amplify or suppress the expression of neighboring genes.
Researchers discovered a small molecule, UNI418, that destabilizes key DNA repair proteins, making drug-resistant cancer cells vulnerable to PARP inhibitor therapy. This approach restores tumor sensitivity and improves treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a novel disease classification system and AI-assisted decision support tool to improve CMML care. The International CMML Prognostic Scoring System (iCPSS) demonstrates superior prognostic discrimination, stratifying patients into five risk groups with different survival outcomes.
Researchers from China have successfully demonstrated CRISPR/Cas genome editing in nonregenerative cotton via sexual hybridization, opening a novel technical avenue for genetic improvement. The approach eliminates toxicity in cottonseed protein, enabling valuable resource utilization and advanced biotechnologies.
A study published in PLOS Medicine has identified two new genetic pathways contributing to cardiometabolic disease, including heart disease and obesity. The research analyzed lipid metabolites and their link to disease, suggesting that targeting specific metabolic pathways could prevent or lower the risk of disease.
A peanut mutant's embryo development failure is linked to AhZAR1, a receptor-like kinase essential for early embryogenesis. The AhZAR1 protein interacts with key signaling pathways, including auxin and brassinosteroid pathways.
Researchers have identified a link between genetic variants involved in innate immunity and earlier breast cancer onset in BRCA1 carriers. The study found that mutations in genes involved in natural killer cell activation were strongly associated with an increased risk, suggesting the need for more refined risk prediction models.
A new study by UC San Francisco reveals that aging lung tissue can lead to catastrophic immune dysregulation, causing elderly individuals to become severely ill. The research suggests that targeting the damaged spiral of inflammaging could provide a promising therapeutic target for treating age-related respiratory diseases.
A new zebrafish study sheds light on why haploid fish embryos often fail to survive normal development. Researchers identified 13 key genes associated with abnormal development, highlighting disruptions in FGF and Wnt signaling pathways, mitochondrial translation, ion transport, and cell-cycle regulation.
A single-celled predator, Rapaza viridis, retains chloroplasts from prey algae and imports host-made proteins into them, revealing deeper levels of host–organelle integration. This process may have played a role in the emergence of plant cells.
Using azithromycin within one day triggers antibiotic resistance in the respiratory tract, according to a study published in Nature Microbiology. The researchers followed hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that azithromycin changed the mix of microbes in the upper airway, leading to persistent changes for more than a week.
A new study reveals that selfish chromosomes exploit the Overdrive gene to destroy rival sperm, boosting their chances of passing into the next generation. The gene acts as a quality control checkpoint during sperm development, normally eliminating abnormal sperm cells, but selfish chromosomes hijack the system to kill competitors.
Researchers used a virus-based CRISPR system to edit the gatekeeper enzyme HMGR in petunias and lettuce, unlocking natural metabolic control for enhanced aromatic compounds and health-promoting antioxidants. The result was more vigorous growth, stronger floral fragrance, and increased nutritional value.
A new Immunology Center will accelerate discoveries in muscle immunology and immune responses to gene therapies. Klaudia Kuranda brings expertise in immunology, onco-immunology, and leadership experience to the center.
Researchers at Shandong Agricultural University identified the Green Revolution allele Rht-D1b as a major regulator of tiller angle in wheat, which improves canopy structure and light interception. Moderate expression of Rht-D1b under its native promoter optimizes grain yield per plant, providing new genetic tools for breeders to fine-...
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified CUL5, a protein that tags tau for elimination, as a key player in preventing the formation of toxic tau protein clumps that can lead to dementia. The study found that neurons with more CUL5 are less vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a novel way to identify aggressive cancer cells by observing how they physically interact with their environment. The new technology uses specially designed microscopic surfaces to distinguish between aggressive and less aggressive cells.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found that spindle fibers can repair themselves as they pull on DNA, ensuring accurate chromosome division. This self-repair mechanism replaces weak links with stronger ones, preventing errors that could lead to cancer or birth defects.
Researchers at UC Riverside find that faulty gene PTPN2 increases susceptibility to harmful bacteria like AIEC, leading to gut inflammation and IBD. The studies suggest that restoring PTPN2 function or using medications like JAK inhibitors may help control harmful bacterial growth.
A CRISPR screen identified 331 essential genes for brain cell generation, including PEDS1 linked to a severe developmental disorder. The study provides a new approach to identifying genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and offers insights into gene inheritance patterns.
A new study found that genetic communities in rats are shaped by their social partners' genes. Researchers identified three gene-microbe associations, including one linked to bacteria that feed on sugar molecules added to mucus.
A comprehensive review reveals that antibiotic resistance genes are ancient features of microbial life shaped by millions of years of evolution. Human activities such as agriculture, wastewater discharge, and global trade are accelerating the spread of these genes into disease-causing bacteria.
Researchers mapped over half a million individual human cells from the developing reproductive system to identify key genes and signals that drive organ formation. The study provides important insights into conditions affecting the reproductive organs and how environmental chemicals may affect reproductive health.
A new study identifies genetic variants influencing both addiction risk and lower educational attainment. The researchers found a subset of genetic variants linked to substance use disorders and poorer health outcomes.
Researchers used human pluripotent stem cells to model early placental formation, discovering VGLL1 plays a crucial role in turning stem cells into placental stem cells. The study's findings could lead to improved embryo quality and viability, especially for in vitro fertilization.
A new study by UC San Francisco combines genetic risk with cardiovascular disease risk factors to predict who is more likely to develop dementia. The expanded view may help those worried about dementia, as lifestyle changes and improved control of illnesses can reduce brain damage and potentially delay or prevent symptoms.
Scientists have discovered a protein called SCEP3 that ensures even chromosome segregation in plants, preventing infertility and genetic diseases. This finding has implications for plant breeding and understanding human fertility, with the equivalent gene SIX6OS1 potentially playing a role in promoting correct chromosome segregation.
Researchers identified 32 common differentially expressed genes involved in IA, including NGFR and SERPINE1, which may serve as biomarkers. The study suggests that understanding the involvement of aging-related genes can aid in developing therapeutic strategies to minimize surgical interventions.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed a powerful new gene-switch tool called Cyclone, which allows scientists to turn on or off target genes with precision. The tool uses a non-toxic molecule acyclovir to suppress gene activity, and has the potential to be adopted throughout biomedical research and gene therapies.
A collaborative research team analyzed historical museum specimens of the Asian honeybee, revealing a significant decline in genetic diversity and a potential link to pesticide use. The study suggests that pesticide exposure may be driving rapid evolutionary changes in the species.
UCSF researchers found a key cellular switch driving pulmonary fibrosis and developed a new therapy to block it in mice. The treatment works by preventing healthy lung cells from converting to harmful cell types, reducing scarring and improving lung function.
Researchers identified 5.05% of individuals carrying pathogenic variants in key cancer susceptibility genes, highlighting a significant association between these genetic variations and increased cancer risk. The study suggests that more extensive genetic screening for these genes may be warranted to identify high-risk individuals.
A cohort study reveals a significant association between social adversity and increased incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Black women. The findings suggest potential social genomic and gene-environment interactions that contribute to disparities in breast cancer survival.
The ASHG 2025 Annual Meeting will highlight advancements in rare disease research through long-read sequencing and collaboration. Genetic mechanisms of cancer risk and the clinical impact of latest epilepsy neurogenetics advances will also be showcased, along with decoding human aging and AI-powered genomics.
Researchers discovered TaMYB10-3A as a molecular switch controlling condensed tannin presence in wheat grains. The study identified genetic markers for precise modulation of condensed tannin content.
A new research paper from Colorado State University finds that precipitation levels are the key environmental factor influencing genetic variation in the warbler's beak, which is crucial for heat retention. The study reveals that birds struggling to adapt to climate change experience higher stress levels and population declines.
Researchers created a comprehensive single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the pig intestine, identifying 19 major cell types and 58 cellular subtypes. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which neurons regulate inflammatory responses and the molecular basis for stronger immune functions in wild boars.