Articles tagged with Genes
Davis Joseph's groundbreaking discovery identifies three universal cancer types based on protein and RNA malfunction, paving the way for an organ-agnostic treatment. The research also developed a unified apoptosis network flowsheet, comprising approximately 100 pathways, which can be applied to various cancers.
Researchers found a protein called RAB5c that helps white blood cells kill Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus. Without this protein, immune cells are disarmed despite attacking at full force. The discovery could lead to new treatments for patients with weakened immune systems.
A new international study found that genetic variations in the PAM gene can reduce the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor medications, such as Ozempic. Researchers discovered that 44% of people with these genetic variants experienced reduced glucose lowering properties, and only 11% achieved recommended glucose levels.
A new study found that natural selection favored Indigenous Andeans with high numbers of salivary amylase genes, leading to a higher frequency of these genes in the population. This suggests that potatoes played a crucial role in shaping the genetic makeup of this population.
Researchers at MIT discovered that gene circuits can reshape DNA folding and affect gene expression in human cells. The study found that rearranging genes along a DNA strand, or 'gene syntax,' can amplify or suppress the expression of neighboring genes.
Researchers discovered a small molecule, UNI418, that destabilizes key DNA repair proteins, making drug-resistant cancer cells vulnerable to PARP inhibitor therapy. This approach restores tumor sensitivity and improves treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a novel disease classification system and AI-assisted decision support tool to improve CMML care. The International CMML Prognostic Scoring System (iCPSS) demonstrates superior prognostic discrimination, stratifying patients into five risk groups with different survival outcomes.
Researchers from China have successfully demonstrated CRISPR/Cas genome editing in nonregenerative cotton via sexual hybridization, opening a novel technical avenue for genetic improvement. The approach eliminates toxicity in cottonseed protein, enabling valuable resource utilization and advanced biotechnologies.
A study published in PLOS Medicine has identified two new genetic pathways contributing to cardiometabolic disease, including heart disease and obesity. The research analyzed lipid metabolites and their link to disease, suggesting that targeting specific metabolic pathways could prevent or lower the risk of disease.
A peanut mutant's embryo development failure is linked to AhZAR1, a receptor-like kinase essential for early embryogenesis. The AhZAR1 protein interacts with key signaling pathways, including auxin and brassinosteroid pathways.
Researchers have identified a link between genetic variants involved in innate immunity and earlier breast cancer onset in BRCA1 carriers. The study found that mutations in genes involved in natural killer cell activation were strongly associated with an increased risk, suggesting the need for more refined risk prediction models.
A new study by UC San Francisco reveals that aging lung tissue can lead to catastrophic immune dysregulation, causing elderly individuals to become severely ill. The research suggests that targeting the damaged spiral of inflammaging could provide a promising therapeutic target for treating age-related respiratory diseases.
A new zebrafish study sheds light on why haploid fish embryos often fail to survive normal development. Researchers identified 13 key genes associated with abnormal development, highlighting disruptions in FGF and Wnt signaling pathways, mitochondrial translation, ion transport, and cell-cycle regulation.
A single-celled predator, Rapaza viridis, retains chloroplasts from prey algae and imports host-made proteins into them, revealing deeper levels of host–organelle integration. This process may have played a role in the emergence of plant cells.
Using azithromycin within one day triggers antibiotic resistance in the respiratory tract, according to a study published in Nature Microbiology. The researchers followed hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that azithromycin changed the mix of microbes in the upper airway, leading to persistent changes for more than a week.
A new study reveals that selfish chromosomes exploit the Overdrive gene to destroy rival sperm, boosting their chances of passing into the next generation. The gene acts as a quality control checkpoint during sperm development, normally eliminating abnormal sperm cells, but selfish chromosomes hijack the system to kill competitors.
Researchers used a virus-based CRISPR system to edit the gatekeeper enzyme HMGR in petunias and lettuce, unlocking natural metabolic control for enhanced aromatic compounds and health-promoting antioxidants. The result was more vigorous growth, stronger floral fragrance, and increased nutritional value.
A new Immunology Center will accelerate discoveries in muscle immunology and immune responses to gene therapies. Klaudia Kuranda brings expertise in immunology, onco-immunology, and leadership experience to the center.
Researchers at Shandong Agricultural University identified the Green Revolution allele Rht-D1b as a major regulator of tiller angle in wheat, which improves canopy structure and light interception. Moderate expression of Rht-D1b under its native promoter optimizes grain yield per plant, providing new genetic tools for breeders to fine-...
Researchers at UC San Francisco have identified CUL5, a protein that tags tau for elimination, as a key player in preventing the formation of toxic tau protein clumps that can lead to dementia. The study found that neurons with more CUL5 are less vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers developed a novel way to identify aggressive cancer cells by observing how they physically interact with their environment. The new technology uses specially designed microscopic surfaces to distinguish between aggressive and less aggressive cells.
Researchers at UC San Francisco found that spindle fibers can repair themselves as they pull on DNA, ensuring accurate chromosome division. This self-repair mechanism replaces weak links with stronger ones, preventing errors that could lead to cancer or birth defects.
Researchers at UC Riverside find that faulty gene PTPN2 increases susceptibility to harmful bacteria like AIEC, leading to gut inflammation and IBD. The studies suggest that restoring PTPN2 function or using medications like JAK inhibitors may help control harmful bacterial growth.
A CRISPR screen identified 331 essential genes for brain cell generation, including PEDS1 linked to a severe developmental disorder. The study provides a new approach to identifying genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and offers insights into gene inheritance patterns.
A new study found that genetic communities in rats are shaped by their social partners' genes. Researchers identified three gene-microbe associations, including one linked to bacteria that feed on sugar molecules added to mucus.
A comprehensive review reveals that antibiotic resistance genes are ancient features of microbial life shaped by millions of years of evolution. Human activities such as agriculture, wastewater discharge, and global trade are accelerating the spread of these genes into disease-causing bacteria.
Researchers mapped over half a million individual human cells from the developing reproductive system to identify key genes and signals that drive organ formation. The study provides important insights into conditions affecting the reproductive organs and how environmental chemicals may affect reproductive health.
A new study identifies genetic variants influencing both addiction risk and lower educational attainment. The researchers found a subset of genetic variants linked to substance use disorders and poorer health outcomes.
Researchers used human pluripotent stem cells to model early placental formation, discovering VGLL1 plays a crucial role in turning stem cells into placental stem cells. The study's findings could lead to improved embryo quality and viability, especially for in vitro fertilization.
A new study by UC San Francisco combines genetic risk with cardiovascular disease risk factors to predict who is more likely to develop dementia. The expanded view may help those worried about dementia, as lifestyle changes and improved control of illnesses can reduce brain damage and potentially delay or prevent symptoms.
Scientists have discovered a protein called SCEP3 that ensures even chromosome segregation in plants, preventing infertility and genetic diseases. This finding has implications for plant breeding and understanding human fertility, with the equivalent gene SIX6OS1 potentially playing a role in promoting correct chromosome segregation.
Researchers identified 32 common differentially expressed genes involved in IA, including NGFR and SERPINE1, which may serve as biomarkers. The study suggests that understanding the involvement of aging-related genes can aid in developing therapeutic strategies to minimize surgical interventions.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed a powerful new gene-switch tool called Cyclone, which allows scientists to turn on or off target genes with precision. The tool uses a non-toxic molecule acyclovir to suppress gene activity, and has the potential to be adopted throughout biomedical research and gene therapies.
A collaborative research team analyzed historical museum specimens of the Asian honeybee, revealing a significant decline in genetic diversity and a potential link to pesticide use. The study suggests that pesticide exposure may be driving rapid evolutionary changes in the species.
UCSF researchers found a key cellular switch driving pulmonary fibrosis and developed a new therapy to block it in mice. The treatment works by preventing healthy lung cells from converting to harmful cell types, reducing scarring and improving lung function.
Researchers identified 5.05% of individuals carrying pathogenic variants in key cancer susceptibility genes, highlighting a significant association between these genetic variations and increased cancer risk. The study suggests that more extensive genetic screening for these genes may be warranted to identify high-risk individuals.
A cohort study reveals a significant association between social adversity and increased incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Black women. The findings suggest potential social genomic and gene-environment interactions that contribute to disparities in breast cancer survival.
The ASHG 2025 Annual Meeting will highlight advancements in rare disease research through long-read sequencing and collaboration. Genetic mechanisms of cancer risk and the clinical impact of latest epilepsy neurogenetics advances will also be showcased, along with decoding human aging and AI-powered genomics.
Researchers discovered TaMYB10-3A as a molecular switch controlling condensed tannin presence in wheat grains. The study identified genetic markers for precise modulation of condensed tannin content.
A new research paper from Colorado State University finds that precipitation levels are the key environmental factor influencing genetic variation in the warbler's beak, which is crucial for heat retention. The study reveals that birds struggling to adapt to climate change experience higher stress levels and population declines.
Researchers have assembled a near-complete genome map of northern wild rice (Zizania palustris), spanning 1.41 Gb with 47,804 predicted genes. This improved genome provides critical insights into the plant's unique adaptations and traits, supporting future breeding and sustainable cultivation.
Researchers created a comprehensive single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the pig intestine, identifying 19 major cell types and 58 cellular subtypes. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which neurons regulate inflammatory responses and the molecular basis for stronger immune functions in wild boars.
Researchers found genetic adaptations underlying survival in hot and dry environments, revealing how natural selection enabled the Turkana to thrive in extreme conditions. The study identified key genes, including STC1, that play vital roles in conserving water and protecting kidneys from waste.
Researchers found genetic adaptations in response to micronutrient shortages and surpluses, particularly in regions with iodine-poor soils. The study provides insights into the impact of micronutrient availability on human evolution, highlighting potential vulnerabilities to deficiencies as climate change affects soil nutrient levels.
Researchers identified genes associated with breastfeeding disorders and postpartum breast cancer in the mammary gland, revealing potential new targets for investigation. The study provides a detailed atlas of genetic expression for the adult developmental cycle of the mammary gland.
The Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program has released its 36th study, introducing significant new data updates to two existing studies. These advances aim to uncover the genetic foundations of childhood cancers and congenital conditions. With over 110,000 data files available, researchers can explore publicly accessib...
Researchers discovered that languages from different continents and populations become more similar after contact, with rates of borrowing ranging from 4-9%. The team found that linguistic features are not consistently transferable, challenging long-held assumptions about language learning.
Researchers have identified shared gene signatures and key mechanisms underlying the progression from chronic liver cirrhosis to acute-on-chronic liver failure. Metabolic dysfunction, including altered glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, plays a central role in both conditions.
Researchers have identified a group of proteins known as the GATOR1 complex as essential tumour suppressors that play critical roles in preventing lymphoma development. Disruption of these genes promotes lymphoma development and existing drugs targeting the same cellular pathways were highly effective at slowing growth.
Aging is harsh on the hippocampus, a region responsible for learning and memory. Researchers at UCSF identified protein FTL1, which slows cognitive decline in mice by increasing metabolism. Treating with a compound that stimulates metabolism prevents these effects. The study offers hope for therapies to block FTL1's impact.
A new genomic study has identified 178 de novo genes in peaches, which have evolved from noncoding DNA regions. These genes are expressed in reproductive tissues and contribute to important biological functions, shedding light on how novel genes can arise, diversify, and become essential parts of plant growth and evolution.
Researchers at Salk Institute launched a machine learning framework called ShortStop to explore overlooked DNA regions and discover microproteins with potential roles in disease. The tool identified 210 new microprotein candidates in lung cancer data, including one validated target for therapeutic treatment.
A large-scale genetic study found ten new regions associated with the ability to detect specific odours, with three showing sex-specific effects. The research also uncovered a link between the risk of Alzheimer's disease and the sense of smell, highlighting the interconnectedness of these senses.
Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed a novel technology to unzip DNA's double helix structure, allowing for efficient and accurate genetic testing. The device uses a nano-sized platinum coil and precise heating to minimize DNA damage and read information from the DNA molecule.
A new study by University of South Australia researchers uses genetic recall to explore links between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the Epstein-Barr virus. The study aims to identify early warning signs or biomarkers for MS, enabling early detection and intervention.
New research reveals that body size and caste in ants are coupled, with genetics determining the threshold for becoming a queen. Genes influence size and modify the size at which queen-like traits emerge, affecting the probability of becoming a queen.
A new study reveals B cell-derived ELL2 as a promising biomarker for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of sepsis. The research identified three subtypes with significantly different prognoses, which were consistently reproduced across all cohorts.
A team of researchers has discovered the regulation of de novo genes in fruit flies, finding that transcription factors and genomic neighbors play a crucial role in switching these genes on. The study also reveals that de novo genes often share regulatory elements with adjacent genes, suggesting a mechanism of co-regulation.