Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in PNAS found that genes regulating immune system and metabolic processes fail to adapt to new sleep patterns caused by night shifts. Eight healthy volunteers were subjected to a five-day schedule simulating night shift work, showing that almost 25% of rhythmic genes lost their biological rhythm.
A recent study found that erythropoietin (EPO) helps protect and repair vulnerable preterm brains by modifying genes essential for neurogenesis. The research, conducted at Children's National Hospital, identified five key genes involved in the development of the nervous system and responding to environmental stressors.
Researchers have identified 35 regulatory regions that can distinguish between ulcerous colitis, Crohn's disease, and control subjects with high accuracy. This breakthrough may open new avenues for improved diagnostic methods.
A Danish-German research team has identified a novel long non-coding RNA, A-ROD, that enhances the production of specific proteins with involvement in cancer. The RNA functions as a lasso that brings transcription factors to specific sites in DNA to enhance gene expression.
Researchers identified Histone Deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) as a potential target for new autoimmune disease treatments. The study found that altering HDAC7 function in mice can cause autoimmune diseases, while also improving symptoms when the gene is restored.
A study identifies genetic variants related to consonant processing, dyslexia, and reading performance. Variations in the READ1 sequence are tied to modern human-specific changes acquired between 4 million and 550,000 years ago.
A recent study found that gene regulation by protein transcription factors is the most likely mechanism for generating evolutionary change. This discovery challenges previous assumptions and sheds light on the process of evolutionary adaptation.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have found that HDAC inhibitors can suppress proliferation and induce programmed cell death in ovarian cancer cells with ARID1A gene mutations. This new treatment approach has therapeutic potential, slowing tumor growth and improving survival rates in mouse models.
Researchers at EPFL discovered that the circadian clock orchestrates gene expression by regulating chromatin structure, affecting protein synthesis and physiological processes. The study found that promoter-enhancer looping oscillates along the 24-hour cycle, controlled by the circadian clock.
Researchers at UCLA have identified two genes associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The genes, GDF15 and IGFBP7, are linked to appetite regulation and placenta development.
A team of University of Tsukuba researchers uncovered the essential role of a specific gene region in regulating blood pressure homeostasis. By deleting certain regions of the renin gene, they found that one particular region, known as -5E, plays a crucial role in the basal expression of the gene.
Researchers applied quantum machine learning to a real-world biological problem, predicting the strength of binding sites for transcription factors. The study demonstrated the potential of quantum computing for biology, with results consistent with current understanding of gene regulation.
Researchers identify 15 patients with mutations in the PUMILIO1 gene, revealing a link between protein regulator levels and disease severity. The study suggests that identifying protein regulators could single out new candidates for disease-causing genes and open new avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
Researchers discovered five new regions in the human genome associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk, including variants in genes that regulate cell growth and tumor suppression. The findings may lead to more targeted treatments and early detection screening for pancreatic cancer.
Scientists at the University of Freiburg discovered RNase E as a crucial enzyme in CRISPR/Cas systems, enabling correct gene expression and immune defense. The findings suggest stronger interaction between CRISPR/Cas systems and host organisms, increasing potential for its applications.
The active genetics technology has been used to edit gene regulatory elements in fruit flies, revealing new fundamental mechanisms controlling gene activity. The researchers provided experimental validation for using active genetics as an efficient means for targeted gene insertion and single-step replacement of genetic control elements.
A new hypertension disease gene has been identified by Ute Scholl's team, which alters blood pressure regulation. The study focused on familial hyperaldosteronism type II, an inherited condition causing high blood pressure due to overproduction of aldosterone.
A genome-wide analysis reveals that variations in gene enhancers and promoters contribute to species differences, with larger enhancer ensembles linked to stable expression levels. The study provides insights into evolutionary conservation and the impact of genetic regulation on behavior and morphology.
A team of Japanese researchers has identified Sirt2 as a key player in regulating hepatic glucose uptake, which is impaired in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study found that Sirt2 regulates the dissociation of glucokinase from its regulatory protein, GKRP, through post-translational modifications.
Researchers found a genetic mutation that alters limb shape by changing the regulation of a specific gene. This discovery provides evidence for how interchromosomal translocations can lead to morphological alterations.
Researchers identified mechanisms driving 10% of high-risk neuroblastoma cases and showed c-MYC hijacks DNA to drive its own expression. The findings may help develop more effective therapies, including precision medicines. High-risk neuroblastoma has a poorer prognosis, but the study provides new insights into its development.
A study by UNIGE and UNIL researchers found that individuals with Down syndrome have an excellent genome, better than the average genome of people without the genetic abnormality. This high-quality genome may compensate for the disabilities caused by the extra chromosome 21, enabling some fetuses to reach full term and grow up to old age.
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation found that genome architecture influences gene expression during cell reprogramming. The study reveals that transcription factors promote chromatin changes before gene activation, suggesting a new role in controlling cell fate.
The HLF gene plays a crucial role in maintaining blood stem cells in a resting state, protecting them from exhaustion and external damage. This study provides new insights into the regulation of blood stem cell activity and its potential applications in bone marrow transplants.
A research team from HKBU has developed a new technology to accurately establish a gene regulatory route for analyzing genetic function and understanding complex biological events. The 'LogicTRN' algorithm can help locate key regulatory routes for complicated diseases, facilitating targeted therapy drug development.
A study at Queen Mary University of London reveals a new gene, MAFA, that affects insulin-producing cells, leading to rare genetic forms of diabetes and insulinomas. The research found that the same gene defect can cause both high and low blood sugar levels in the same family.
UCLA researchers have developed a map of gene regulation in human neurogenesis, identifying factors that govern brain growth and set the stage for brain disorders. The study reveals key genes involved in neurogenesis and their roles in human cognition.
Researchers found that mutations in two components interact with each other, increasing the system's freedom to change and evolve. The study provides a mechanistic understanding of how genetic structure determines patterns of epistasis.
Researchers found that overexpressing FKBP1b restored gene expression in hippocampal neurons, improving water maze performance and reversing age-related memory impairments in rats. The study suggests addressing FKBP1b deficiency may be a new avenue for countering age-related memory loss.
A team of scientists found that supercoiling powers the movement of cohesin protein complex along chromatin fibers, a key piece in understanding gene expression regulation. This discovery establishes a new chemo-mechanical process in chromosomes shaping optimal gene regulation through structural arrangements.
Researchers found that SHARPIN increases PRMT5 activity, boosting transcription factors that contribute to melanoma growth. SHARPIN acts as a counterbalance to reduced PRMT5 activity in tumors with deleted genes.
A new study provides insight into the CLOCK gene's vital role in regulating human-specific genes important to brain evolution. The findings suggest that CLOCK regulates genes linked to cognitive disorders and has an important role in human neuronal migration, a process crucial for brain development.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism to reactivate gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells without causing DNA damage. The new pathway involves enzymatic oxidation of the methyl group attached to cytidine, converting it into 5-formylcytidine, which is then rapidly converted back into unmethylated cytidine.
Researchers found genes associated with B cell receptor signaling and activation in tolerant kidney transplant recipients, suggesting an active immune regulation of B cells. The study provides insights into the mechanisms behind tolerance induction in renal transplantation, potentially leading to minimization of immunosuppression.
Researchers have found that zebrafish can survive despite mutations by using workarounds such as regulating expression of related genes or skipping errors in DNA transcription. This study provides guidelines for designing targeted mutations and accelerating the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for human diseases.
Researchers at Osaka University have found a key gene responsible for the development of male and female traits in an ancient crustacean. The study reveals how this gene, doublesex1, is expressed differently in males and females, leading to distinct sex-specific characteristics.
Researchers have identified key genes that regulate water-efficient photosynthesis in pineapple and other CAM plants. This breakthrough could lead to improved water use efficiency in C3 crops, allowing them to thrive in environments previously inhospitable to them.
Researchers develop RNA Capture Long Seq (CLS) method to map non-coding DNA regions, improving gene catalogues for long non-coding RNAs. The new method enhances genomic databases like GENCODE, enabling better understanding of genomic function and its impact on health and disease.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have discovered a crucial mechanism for epigenetic gene regulation, involving the DNMT3A enzyme. This finding provides new insights into the development of aggressive types of leukemia and may lead to more effective treatments.
Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to insert UCP1 gene in pigs, reducing fat deposition and increasing lean meat production. The findings have potential implications for animal welfare and production efficiency in the pork industry.
The VA National PTSD Brain Bank is a resource aimed at providing answers to the complex nature of posttraumatic stress disorder. The bank supports research on the causes, progression, and treatment of PTSD by storing tissue from brains of individuals with PTSD.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a powerful RNA switch that can activate genes thousands of times better than nature, providing precise control over gene expression. This technology has potential applications in diagnostics, metabolic engineering, and regulating RNA networks.
Researchers found duplications of noncoding DNA that may explain genetic contributions to human disease and evolution. These duplications, which include regulatory sequences, may have impacted the expression of genes nearby or elsewhere in the genome.
Researchers have developed a mechanistic model for how healthy bodies function and identified key genetic variants that contribute to complex diseases. The study, co-led by Princeton University scientists, used multi-tissue data from over 449 donors to map associations between genetic variants and gene expression levels.
Researchers discovered an evolutionary conserved sequence motif in mammalian genomes that regulates class I odorant receptor genes, a novel mechanism of expression. The J element controls the selective expression of these genes, highlighting its importance in understanding gene regulation and disease.
Researchers identify DLX5 gene as key player in preeclampsia, a complex disease affecting 4% of pregnancies. An in vitro model demonstrates the disorder's dysregulation and opens door to new treatments.
A recent Penn study found that gene expression persists during cell replication, contradicting the long-held assumption that genes become 'silent' during this process. The research, led by Katherine C. Palozola and Kenneth S. Zaret, sheds new light on how cells maintain their identity during division.
Researchers discovered that disrupting DNA loops in glial cells can reduce NFIA expression and tumor proliferation. This finding opens a potential new approach to treating glioma, a deadly form of brain cancer.
A recent study on the protein CLAMP in fruit flies identifies two essential roles: coordinating gene expression on X and Y chromosomes. This research offers a promising model for understanding how proteins function differently in specific contexts, crucial for developing targeted therapies with minimal side effects.
Researchers at CRI have developed a new system, CAPTURE, to analyze the entire set of factors that regulate our DNA. This approach offers possibilities to study how different proteins control genome function in cancer and stem cells, and may lead to finding new drug targets.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have developed a new imaging technique using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to visualize RNA structure and motion over time. This discovery opens up new avenues for developing drugs that target RNA, crucial for understanding health and disease.
Researchers found that elevated levels of protein Cdk8 in heart muscle cells lead to declining heart function and heart failure. The study suggests modifying gene expression may provide a path to preventive treatments for heart failure.
Researchers found that blocking molecular nerve pruning in mice enhanced manual dexterity and allowed them to grab and eat food faster than wild-type mice. The study identified a protein called PlexA1, which controls the formation of long nerves and fine motor skills.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute have discovered a potential new therapeutic strategy for ovarian clear cell carcinoma, a difficult-to-treat form of ovarian cancer. By targeting the activity of histone deacetylase 6, a protein that suppresses tumor suppressive functions, they were able to increase apoptosis in tumor cells and reduce...
Babraham Institute group leader Dr Rahul Roychoudhuri has been selected for the £200,000 Lister Institute Research Prize Fellowship to support his research on immune system regulation and suppression. His goal is to better understand how gene regulators affect T cells and potentially treat autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at LSU Health New Orleans found that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its bioactive derivative NPD1 can reduce stroke damage and promote cell survival in the brain. DHA is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, which is disrupted in diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
A new study by Dr Nick Pullen and his team reveals that plant growth is actually 'sink-limited', meaning genetic regulation and cell division rates control growth. This finding has significant implications for the agricultural industry, including potential improvements in crop yields and climate modeling.
Researchers at UNIGE show that Fprs, present on immune cells, also bind to molecules linked to pathogens in the nose of mice, indicating an evolutionary shift towards olfaction. This innovation resulted from two genomic 'accidents' occurring millions years apart during rodent evolution.
Researchers at the University of Rochester discovered a process where wasps co-opt single copy genes to take on new functions, including in their venom glands and other parts of their anatomy.
Researchers identify early stress as a molecular basis for lifelong depression susceptibility, revealing a critical role for the developmental transcription factor Otx2. Mice stressed in early life exhibit suppressed Otx2 levels and increased depression-like behavior in adulthood, highlighting a sensitive period for brain development.