Articles tagged with Gene Regulation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Dr. Tuuli Lappalainen is awarded a 5-year, $1.7 million NIH grant to investigate why identical genetic mutations cause disease in some individuals but not others. The study aims to understand the role of haplotype epistasis in human evolution and disease.
A KAUST-led team reveals a short regulatory gene that adapts to dynamic environments by tagging genes for repression. This discovery offers a new paradigm for gene regulation, linking the genome with the environment and providing insights into cellular plasticity.
The UK's two-tier system balances individual concerns about genetic discrimination with insurer needs, while Australia and Canada face challenges in regulating insurers' use of genetic information. A comparative study found that the UK's moratorium on predictive genetic test results for life insurance policies below £500,000 helps main...
Researchers found that Vitamin D3 stimulates lipid metabolism through VDR-RXR heterodimers, activating Pgc1a for mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. This study reveals a basal nonskeletal effect of ancient VD/VDR signaling in teleosts.
Researchers found that a protein called Forkhead Box O3 (Foxo3) protects outer hair cells from damage, allowing some individuals to recover from noise-induced hearing loss. The study could provide new hope for preventing or treating hearing impairment.
Yale researchers have developed a 'genetic scalpel' to regulate gene activity in the gut microbiome, enabling precise control over bacterial communities. This breakthrough tool may help understand the microbiome's impact on health and disease, including infectious diseases and behavioral disorders.
Researchers at Princeton University have discovered a master switch that 'switches on' silent biosynthetic gene clusters in bacteria, leading to the production of new compounds with anti-parasitic properties. The global regulator, scmR, acts as a gatekeeper for expression and can be eliminated genetically to release molecules of interest.
Researchers used mass spectrometric methods to identify proteins influenced by SNPs relevant to type 2 diabetes and AMD. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms modulated by regulatory SNPs, contributing to personalized medicine.
The epitranscriptome, a newly discovered regulatory layer of RNA, shows promise in understanding human diseases. Recent research reveals that RNA modifications play a crucial role in controlling its stability and function.
A recent study by University of Kansas researchers found that people's political leanings and their own weight shape their opinions on obesity-related public policies. Republicans tend to believe eating habits cause obesity, while Democrats who identify as overweight are more likely to attribute the issue to genetics.
Researchers identified sections of DNA associated with altered gene expression in schizophrenia, pointing to alternative splicing as a contributing mechanism. The study found four disease susceptibility genes impacted through splicing regulation, including NEK4 and FXR1.
A team of researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital has identified a mechanism controlling the growth of medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain tumor. The study found that OTX2 is a critical factor regulating gene expression programs in Group 3 medulloblastoma, and its suppression can reduce tumor growth and survival.
The National Institutes of Health plans to expand its ENCODE Project, a genomics resource used by many scientists to study human health and disease. With additional funding, NHGRI will strengthen the foundation of high-quality data, tools, and analyses for research projects on genome sequences and gene regulation.
The new ENCODE centers will use cutting-edge technology to define the functions and gene targets of regulatory sequences, which play a major role in diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and autism. Scientists aim to identify crucial regulatory elements that control gene expression and cell behavior.
Researchers found that medaka fish lose bone density rapidly in space due to microgravity, which affects osteoclasts and osteoblasts differently than on Earth. The study suggests the participation of NO-GCR signal pathway in microgravity stress.
Researchers discover FKB-6, a protein that regulates the speed of chromosome pairing in nematodes, ensuring accurate genetic information swap during reproduction. The findings offer new insight into animal fertility and could help understand defects contributing to conditions like Down syndrome.
Researchers have discovered a critical DNA sequence code, known as the human Initiator, that regulates over half of all human genes. This breakthrough provides insight into gene regulation and may lead to new discoveries in understanding how human genes are turned on and off.
A new screening method combining CRISPR genome editing with single-cell RNA sequencing enables the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes in individual cells. This approach, called CROP-seq, allows researchers to study complex biological mechanisms and identify novel drug targets more efficiently than traditional methods.
Researchers discovered the TFEB gene plays a central role in regulating muscle metabolism and energy use during exercise. Overexpressing TFEB improved mitochondrial health and increased energy production in mice, suggesting potential new treatments for diseases like diabetes and obesity.
Scientists at SISSA have developed a method to stimulate genes to work twice as hard to compensate for missing genes, potentially treating diseases like Rett's syndrome by leveraging the gene's natural endogenous regulation
Researchers sequenced the Iberian lynx genome, finding extreme erosion of its DNA and low genetic diversity. This limits its ability to adapt to environmental changes, with multiple potentially harmful genetic variants identified.
Researchers have found that the RNA modification m6A plays a vital role in regulating genes in the nervous system and influencing sex determination in fruit flies. This study sheds light on the importance of m6A in fine-tuning gene expression and neuronal function.
Researchers at the University of Illinois found that mice lacking functional copies of the Bco1 gene had lower blood concentrations of testosterone and smaller prostates. The study suggests that Bco1 may also play a role in regulating prostate growth and androgen synthesis, challenging current understanding of carotenoid metabolism.
Researchers have discovered a crucial regulatory mechanism for sex determination in vertebrates, centered on the DMRT1 gene. The study found that the ncEx1 promoter sequence plays a vital role in regulating gene expression, particularly in germ cells and somatic cells.
Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to remove an enzyme that regulates the diabetes-associated TXNIP gene, leading to reduced cell death and increased insulin production in genetically modified pancreatic beta cells. The study also found that histone acetyltransferases play a crucial role in regulating the TXNIP gene.
A team of scientists has discovered that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates gene expression to determine the sex of fruit flies by controlling the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene. Alternative splicing allows only female mRNA to be made into a functional protein.
Studies reveal genes respond differently to high insulin levels and sustained low levels, with some expressing quickly and others repressing themselves. Researchers developed a method to control gene expression using temporal patterns and doses of insulin.
A team of researchers has discovered thousands of disease-related genes by analyzing the connections between genes and remote regulatory regions in blood cells. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and Crohn's disease.
Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have discovered that separate populations of the same species can diverge in their gene regulation when adapting to their environment. This allows some corals to adapt better to changing conditions, while others struggle with diminished flexibility, leading to stress-induced bleaching.
Finnish researchers found that a melatonin receptor gene influences shift workers' ability to adapt to disrupted daily rhythms. A common variation in the MTNR1A gene is linked to job-related exhaustion experienced by shift workers.
Scientists have identified two core genes, Sik3 and Nalcn, that regulate deep sleep and dreaming in mice. These findings provide a critical molecular entry point to explain how sleep works and may lead to the discovery of new treatments for sleep disorders.
Researchers identified mutations in genes controlling sleep in mice, revealing roles for NALCN and SIK3 proteins in regulating sleep need and maintaining REM sleep. The study used a genetic screening approach to isolate sleep phenotypes and mutated genes.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have measured the absolute numbers of short, non-coding, RNA sequences in individual embryonic stem cells, revealing their precise function. The new method could lead to improved IVF treatments by identifying embryos with the best chance of development.
A team of researchers discovered that maintaining DNA methylation is closely linked to hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant for studying hybrid plant superiority. The study's findings suggest that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in hybrid vigor.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center identified a pathway essential to heart formation, unveiling a mechanism that explains how non-coding DNA regulates neighboring genes. The discovery may have implications for understanding cardiac development and other genetic processes.
Researchers create novel nanotool that allows for simultaneous analysis of large numbers of molecules, enabling testing of protein and gene functionality under deformation. The new method uses self-assembled power gauges to apply precise forces on biomolecules.
Researchers discovered a network of proteins often linked to cancer plays a crucial role in male fertility and the birth of healthy offspring. The study, published in Cell Reports, sheds light on the precise epigenetic regulation of sex chromosomes and their impact on germline cells that produce male sperm.
Researchers identify genetic switches controlling metabolic response to HCV infection and show how these genes affect virus lifecycle. Blocking certain metabolic processes can actually increase HCV replication, presenting a new approach to treat virus infections by targeting metabolic regulation.
A team of researchers led by Dr. Marie Kmita discovered that the transition from fin to limb was not accomplished overnight and identified a key difference in gene regulation between fish and mice. By reproducing the fish-type regulation, mice developed up to seven digits per paw, revealing the significance of this difference.
Researchers at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center have made significant breakthroughs in understanding the role of Heterotrimeric G proteins in plant development, stress tolerance, and yield improvement. The study revealed that specific G protein subunits play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and abiotic stress response.
A new imaging technique enables researchers to visualize chromatin's dynamic processes in live cells, revealing its organization and response to stimuli. This breakthrough offers insights into the complex relationship between chromatin and gene expression, with potential implications for understanding cancer development.
Fruit fly research sheds light on human diabetes, revealing insulin signaling mechanisms and potential new treatments for the disease. The study's findings have implications for understanding and addressing type 2 diabetes.
Researchers are working to enhance the heat-burning ability of brown fat to combat obesity. They discovered a gene, BSCL2, that regulates brown, white, and beige fat. Deleting this gene in mature brown fat surprisingly increased its efficiency at burning fat, while mice on high-fat diets still lost weight.
A new study reveals that a variant in the ACSL5 gene, located at a well-established genomic location, is strongly regulating another gene associated with type 2 diabetes. This finding suggests that developing drugs to act on acyl CoA synthesase 5 may help patients with T2D by increasing their sensitivity to insulin.
An international study has clarified which specific genes are affected by genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, providing a blueprint for researchers to tackle complex diseases.
A new study from the University of Oxford suggests that preserving immune function in older people is possible through the identification of critical factors like transcription factor Foxn1. By understanding how Foxn1 regulates T cell development, researchers have identified potential strategies for maintaining thymus function with age.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered a previously unknown function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins, which regulate gene activity and RNA synthesis. This finding has therapeutic implications for cancer treatment and may also lead to new avenues for treating inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.
Researchers construct a biophysical model to study global crosstalk in gene regulation, finding that it exists due to molecular recognition limits. The 'crosstalk floor' implies that there is a fundamental limit to this phenomenon, even with optimal adjustments to transcription factor concentrations.
A study published in PLOS Genetics has identified hundreds of genes associated with alcohol preference in rats, suggesting a strong genetic component to alcoholism. The research found that critical regulatory pathways involving several genes were crucial in regulating the desire to drink alcohol.
The study reveals dynamic changes of poly(A) tails in eggs and embryos, furthering understanding of how the fabric of life is shaped. The improved sequencing tool mTAIL-seq allows for enhanced sequencing depth to measure poly(A) tail length at a genomic scale.
Enhancers can increase the frequency of gene activity bursts, suggesting these bursts may be critical for genetic regulation. The study found that enhancer location and strength influence bursting frequencies.
Researchers at Caltech investigate the genetic switch that directs cells to become T cells, discovering a multi-tiered process involving four proteins that work together in three distinct steps. This finding has potential applications in boosting T-cell populations and fighting diseases such as AIDS.
A comprehensive study of the genetics of type 2 diabetes has unveiled significant details about the disease's underlying mechanisms. The research identified common genetic variants that contribute to an individual's risk of developing the disease, as well as genes and proteins directly involved in its development.
Researchers found conserved microRNAs involved in regulating blastema formation across three evolutionarily distant species, including salamander and ray-finned fish. The study suggests a potential common regulatory process for limb regeneration.
Researchers found that negative feedback loops act as a shock absorber to buffer damage from mutations, allowing genes to mutate without compromising function. This mechanism may foster long-term adaptation while reducing immediate fitness risk, with implications for evolution and cancer treatment.
A study published in Epigenetics & Chromatin identified a critical role for methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in regulating gene expression involved in pain perception. MeCP2 was found to be increased after nerve injury, leading to changes in downstream genes that can cause pain.
Researchers at TUM and MPI have developed a method to identify active regulatory DNA regions controlling genes. This breakthrough enables scientists to study how genes are controlled in different cell types, shedding light on gene regulation and its role in diseases.
A study led by Amita Sehgal found that a neuropeptide regulates the expression of detoxification genes in both fruitflies and mice, driving feeding behavior and having implications for chronotherapy. The findings suggest that synchrony between brain and peripheral clocks is crucial for maintaining good health.
The study discovered 70 genes that show multiple signs of adaptation, including unique amino-acid-sequence substitutions and positive natural selection. These adaptations are linked to the development of the giraffe's cardiovascular system, blood pressure, and long neck and legs.
An international team led by IU biologist David M. Kehoe uncovered the regulation of a system that allows Synechococcus to efficiently capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis. The study also provides insight into how genes can be easily transferred between cells in the marine environment through horizontal gene transfer.