Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
A pioneering CAR T-cell immunotherapy trial has been launched at Seattle Children's for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory HER2-positive central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The trial aims to provide these patients with a second line of defense by delivering cancer-fighting CAR T cells directly into the brain.
A study led by Diogo Castro discovered a genetic programme that controls the invasiveness of glioblastoma tumors. The researchers found that Zeb1, a previously known molecule involved in glioblastoma invasiveness, plays a crucial role in enabling cancer cells to invade surrounding brain tissue.
Scientists have discovered a new compound that reactivates the BAI1 gene, blocking medulloblastoma growth in mice. The compound, KCC-07, targets a protein called Mbd2, which is involved in silencing genes.
Researchers developed a new NIR-II fluorescent molecule for dual fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, offering high resolution and penetration depth for precise noninvasive brain-tumor diagnosis. The method demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, accurately assessing tumor location and depth in brain tissue.
Researchers identified a pair of genes, EphB4 and ephrin-B2, that are silenced in healthy adult tissue but reactivated in tumors resistant to treatment. Adding an experimental inhibitor targeting these genes to existing therapies improved survival rates in mice models.
A new atlas maps out comprehensive information on glioblastoma at the cellular and molecular levels, aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment. The atlas, created by an international team led by Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, provides a road map of different cells and potential molecular changes in glioblastoma tumors.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a personalized glioblastoma vaccine that shows promise in increasing long-term survival. The vaccine, known as DCVax-L, has been shown to extend median survival time from 15-17 months to 23.1 months.
Ibrutinib, a drug approved for lymphoma and leukemia, shows potential in treating glioblastoma by slowing tumor growth and extending survival rates. Combining ibrutinib with radiation therapy overcomes resistance and extends lifespan more effectively than either treatment alone.
Researchers created personalized brain models using The Virtual Brain platform, accurately predicting the effects of tumors on brain connectivity. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for integrating neuroimaging data with virtual brain modeling to enhance surgical planning.
A new cream containing rapamycin has been shown to significantly reduce disfiguring facial tumors in people with tuberous sclerosis complex, with 80% of patients experiencing a significant improvement. The treatment offers hope for individuals affected by the condition, which affects over 50,000 people in the US.
Using MR spectroscopy imaging, researchers found that a novel IDH1 inhibitor reduced levels of the oncometabolite 2HG in patients with IDH1-mutated gliomas. The study showed a potential metabolic reprogramming of the tumor in response to treatment.
A team of St. Jude researchers discovered a medulloblastoma subtype that can be treated with reduced-intensity chemotherapy, improving survival rates for infants. The study found that 75% of patients with the subtype were alive five years after diagnosis, with low-risk patients having even better outcomes.
Children with high-grade brain tumors could benefit from targeted treatment personalized to their genetic mutations. Research found that Avastin, an adult cancer drug, improved survival rates in children with specific MAPK gene mutations.
Research by Children's Hospital Los Angeles reveals that gadolinium deposition in the brain is associated with brain tumors and radiation treatment, rather than the amount of contrast agent administered. The study's findings challenge previous assumptions about the dose-dependent nature of gadolinium deposition.
A new surgical imaging instrument using Scanning Fiber Endoscope (SFE) technology has been developed to detect the fluorescent glow of malignant brain tumors. This allows neurosurgeons to visualize the tumor more accurately, enabling them to remove more tissue and potentially improve patient outcomes.
The UK's only two new NHS high energy proton beam therapy centers will benefit from the installation of a revolutionary proton imaging system. This technology uses protons to create 3D images of internal anatomy, reducing dosage and targeting errors during treatment.
Research findings show that PD-L1 expression facilitates immune escape in medulloblastoma patients. The study identifies subgroup-specific variations in PD-L1 expression and its relationship with therapeutic responses. Immune adjuvant therapies may be necessary to fully realize the benefits of PD-1 blockade treatments.
The £18 million Brain Tumour Awards aim to advance understanding of brain tumours and develop new treatments. The awards focus on six major themes, including unlocking insights into brain tumour biology, developing more accurate diagnostic methods, and improving treatment approaches for patients.
Researchers have developed a groundbreaking technique to detect tumor biomarkers in brain tumors through a simple blood test, potentially eliminating the need for surgical biopsies. The method uses focused ultrasound and tiny bubbles to release tumor-specific biomarkers into the bloodstream.
A study published in Cancer Research reveals that the Zika virus selectively kills aggressive human embryonal CNS tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The virus was effective at concentrations as low as one viral particle per ten cells, with no impact on differentiated neurons.
Researchers have developed a real-time thermal imaging method to guide minimally invasive brain tumor treatments. This technology enables doctors to precisely deliver the right dose to the right location, reducing risks and costs associated with follow-up imaging studies.
Salk Institute researchers have generated aggressive glioblastoma multiforme tumors in human cerebral organoids using CRISPR-Cas9 tool. The new model could be used to study tumor progression, investigate new drugs or personalize treatments for patients.
Bioengineers have developed a remote control method to activate cancer-killing immune cells using a heat-sensitive switch, which can be precisely controlled to target tumors. The technique has shown promise in initial tests in mice with implanted tumors, and could potentially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating cancer.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have developed a CAR-T therapy that eradicates diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) tumors in mice, leaving few residual cancer cells. The treatment targets the GD2 sugar molecule on DIPG tumors and has shown promising results, but side effects such as brain swelling must be carefully managed.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital investigators present research on cloud computing, exhausted T cells, breast cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors and clinical trial design for CAR-T therapy in solid tumors. The platform St. Jude Cloud provides unique analysis tools and visualizations of pediatric cancer genomics data.
Researchers identified epigenetic biomarkers to predict brain tumor recurrence severity, enabling personalized treatment plans. A set of testable DNA-methylation biomarkers may help clinicians assess a patient's disease trajectory.
Researchers have identified mifepristone, an FDA-approved drug for chemical abortion, as a promising candidate for treating vestibular schwannoma. The study found that treatment of the tumor cells with mifepristone reduced their proliferation rate by 80 percent.
A recent UTSW study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying Sonic Hedgehog subtype medulloblastoma development, revealing a crucial role for the G protein-coupled receptor Gpr161. The research suggests that Gpr161 acts as a tumor suppressor by preventing excessive granule cell proliferation.
A new clinical trial combines two immunotherapies, PD-1 antibody and poly-IC, to enhance T-cell response against solid tumors. The treatment aims to improve patient outcomes for a wide range of cancers, including lung, liver, colon, and others.
Scientists recommend regular brain scans for children with rare liver cancer due to its potential to metastasize. Early detection could increase surgical removal success and inform treatment choices.
For male anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients without tumors, plasmapheresis has been found to be an effective treatment strategy. Studies comparing treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab with plasmapheresis have shown that the latter is not inferior in efficacy.
A new study found that some types of glioblastoma tumors shed extracellular vesicles containing PDL-1, which helps them evade the immune system. The presence of PDL-1 DNA in blood samples from patients with glioblastoma may serve as a biomarker for the disease.
The University of Plymouth will continue its neuro-tumour research with a £100,000 grant from Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity and Sparks. The project aims to investigate the causes of Neurofibromatosis 2, a hereditary condition that leads to tumours in the nervous system.
A team of researchers has genetically engineered cancer-killing immune cells to hunt brain tumors displaying CSPG4, a highly prevalent molecular target. The approach holds promise for controlling tumor growth in glioblastoma patients, who currently have limited treatment options with survival benefits of less than a year and a half.
A new microfluidic device developed by Massachusetts General Hospital may help monitor a tumor's response to therapy and provide detailed information to guide treatment choice. The device isolated tumor-specific EVs from all 13 patients with glioblastoma multiforme, identifying key genetic and molecular information.
Researchers create a computer program that predicts glioblastoma tumor growth with high accuracy, focusing on the role of L1CAM in accelerating cell spread. The model offers new opportunities for researchers to simulate various scenarios and test potential treatments.
Researchers crack genetic code of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and identify Lats1/2 as a gene that suppresses cancer, leading to rapid cell expansion. Disrupting overactive TAZ-YAP signaling reduces tumor growth in mice and human cells, offering new hope for MPNST treatment.
Researchers developed autonomous nanorobots that can selectively target and starve out cancerous tumors by blocking blood supply. The technology, using DNA origami, has shown safe and effective results in shrinking tumors and causing tissue death.
A phase I clinical trial found that the altered adenovirus DNX-2401 allowed 20 percent of patients with recurrent glioblastoma to live for three years or longer. The virus triggered an immune response, leading to tumor reduction and complete responses in some patients.
A Clemson University undergraduate researcher has identified 22 genes associated with aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. The discovery was made using a novel computer software that analyzed genomic data from two online public databases, revealing co-expression relationships between the genes.
Scientists have identified a therapeutic approach targeting glioma stem cells, which could lead to improved patient survival. By utilizing drugs that target these cancerous cells, the team aims to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy agents and prevent recurrences.
Researchers found that crizotinib enhances radiosensitivity of tumors and inhibits growth of cultured tumor cells from NF2 patients. A novel mouse model mimicking NF2-associated hearing loss was also created to study the molecular pathway contributing to tumor progression and radiation-induced hearing loss.
Researchers have found that blocking production of the chemical 20-HETE can control glioblastoma and breast cancer growth. The inhibitor HET0016 reduced tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness, slowing disease progression.
Researchers found that combining temozolomide with the enzyme inhibitor SLC-0111 significantly regressed human-derived glioblastoma, improving patient outcomes. The treatment strategy targets carbonic anhydrase 9, a membrane enzyme involved in tumor growth.
Conventional cancer therapy can create an inflammatory cascade in the body, leading to aggressive tumor progression and recurrence. However, resolvins have been shown to counteract these effects, enhancing the body's clearance of cell debris and reducing tumor growth.
Researchers analyzed over 500 cases of DIPG and related tumors to find that tumors with histone mutations that haven't invaded surrounding brain tissue have better outcomes. Patients with non-invasive tumors had approximately 4-5 times longer survival rates compared to those with invasive tumors.
Scientists have found that a naturally occurring virus called reovirus can act as an effective immunotherapy in patients with brain cancer or other cancers that have spread to the brain. The virus replicates and kills cancer cells, while also stimulating the body's own immune system.
Patients with glioblastoma who received TTFields therapy plus chemotherapy had better overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone. The study showed significant improvement in treatment outcomes for this aggressive brain tumor.
A Northwestern Medicine study reveals autophagy's promoting role in malignant glioblastoma and identifies MST4 and ATG4B as key players. Inhibiting ATG4B with radiotherapy significantly slows tumor growth, increasing overall survival rates.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have identified a new weakness in medulloblastoma, the most common form of childhood brain tumour, which could lead to more targeted treatments. The study found that high levels of BMI1 and low levels of CHD7 are associated with poor prognosis in aggressive human medulloblastoma.
A new treatment aims to direct an immune response against a misshapen protein found exclusively on cancer cells, offering hope for children with deadly diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The protein target is a neoantigen that can be used to develop more selective and potent immunotherapies.
Researchers have identified a genetically distinct subpopulation of patients with glioblastoma that is particularly sensitive to drugs like cilengitide. The strategy uses a gene profile alone to predict which tumors are susceptible to αvβ3 blockade, offering a new therapeutic target for precision medicine in brain cancer treatment. Thi...
Researchers have identified a promising new target for treating highly aggressive brain tumors like atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and medulloblastoma in children. The experimental PLK4 inhibitor was shown to shrink tumors and increase survival in an animal model, crossing the blood-brain barrier to target cancer cells.
A University of Guelph professor has identified a protein called cadherin-22 as crucial in the spread of cancer cells. The discovery could lead to new treatments by hindering the protein's function, reducing adhesion and invasion rates by up to 90%.
A phase 1 clinical trial has opened enrollment for children aged 12 and above, leveraging a re-engineered polio virus to treat high-grade brain tumors. Dramatic responses have been seen in adult trial participants, paving the way for this innovative therapy to be tested in pediatric patients.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that blocks the TRF1 protein, which is essential for protecting telomeres in glioblastoma cells. This approach has shown promising results in mouse models, with a significant increase in survival rates and reduction in tumour growth.
A recent study published in Nature Genetics reveals that the DNA error surveillance and repair system is more efficient in protein-coding exons than other genomic regions. This higher efficiency allows for better conservation of essential genetic sequences across species.
A new liquid biopsy technique can detect telltale signs of tumors in children's biofluids, enabling earlier diagnosis and monitoring of aggressive pediatric brainstem cancer. The method has shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting H3K27M mutant glioma, a form of cancer with poor prognosis.
A pilot study shows that fluorescent imaging with antibody cetuximab can specifically distinguish cancer from normal tissue in patients with glioblastoma. The technique allows surgeons to visualize tumors more clearly, potentially leading to better progression-free survival.
A research team led by Dr. Claudia Barros aims to understand the cellular changes leading to glioblastoma brain tumor development. Using a Drosophila fruit fly model, they visualize cancer stem cells and identify early molecular changes.