Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
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For male anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients without tumors, plasmapheresis has been found to be an effective treatment strategy. Studies comparing treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab with plasmapheresis have shown that the latter is not inferior in efficacy.
A new study found that some types of glioblastoma tumors shed extracellular vesicles containing PDL-1, which helps them evade the immune system. The presence of PDL-1 DNA in blood samples from patients with glioblastoma may serve as a biomarker for the disease.
The University of Plymouth will continue its neuro-tumour research with a £100,000 grant from Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity and Sparks. The project aims to investigate the causes of Neurofibromatosis 2, a hereditary condition that leads to tumours in the nervous system.
A team of researchers has genetically engineered cancer-killing immune cells to hunt brain tumors displaying CSPG4, a highly prevalent molecular target. The approach holds promise for controlling tumor growth in glioblastoma patients, who currently have limited treatment options with survival benefits of less than a year and a half.
A new microfluidic device developed by Massachusetts General Hospital may help monitor a tumor's response to therapy and provide detailed information to guide treatment choice. The device isolated tumor-specific EVs from all 13 patients with glioblastoma multiforme, identifying key genetic and molecular information.
Researchers create a computer program that predicts glioblastoma tumor growth with high accuracy, focusing on the role of L1CAM in accelerating cell spread. The model offers new opportunities for researchers to simulate various scenarios and test potential treatments.
Researchers developed autonomous nanorobots that can selectively target and starve out cancerous tumors by blocking blood supply. The technology, using DNA origami, has shown safe and effective results in shrinking tumors and causing tissue death.
A phase I clinical trial found that the altered adenovirus DNX-2401 allowed 20 percent of patients with recurrent glioblastoma to live for three years or longer. The virus triggered an immune response, leading to tumor reduction and complete responses in some patients.
Researchers crack genetic code of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and identify Lats1/2 as a gene that suppresses cancer, leading to rapid cell expansion. Disrupting overactive TAZ-YAP signaling reduces tumor growth in mice and human cells, offering new hope for MPNST treatment.
A Clemson University undergraduate researcher has identified 22 genes associated with aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. The discovery was made using a novel computer software that analyzed genomic data from two online public databases, revealing co-expression relationships between the genes.
Scientists have identified a therapeutic approach targeting glioma stem cells, which could lead to improved patient survival. By utilizing drugs that target these cancerous cells, the team aims to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy agents and prevent recurrences.
Researchers found that crizotinib enhances radiosensitivity of tumors and inhibits growth of cultured tumor cells from NF2 patients. A novel mouse model mimicking NF2-associated hearing loss was also created to study the molecular pathway contributing to tumor progression and radiation-induced hearing loss.
Researchers have found that blocking production of the chemical 20-HETE can control glioblastoma and breast cancer growth. The inhibitor HET0016 reduced tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness, slowing disease progression.
Researchers found that combining temozolomide with the enzyme inhibitor SLC-0111 significantly regressed human-derived glioblastoma, improving patient outcomes. The treatment strategy targets carbonic anhydrase 9, a membrane enzyme involved in tumor growth.
Researchers analyzed over 500 cases of DIPG and related tumors to find that tumors with histone mutations that haven't invaded surrounding brain tissue have better outcomes. Patients with non-invasive tumors had approximately 4-5 times longer survival rates compared to those with invasive tumors.
Conventional cancer therapy can create an inflammatory cascade in the body, leading to aggressive tumor progression and recurrence. However, resolvins have been shown to counteract these effects, enhancing the body's clearance of cell debris and reducing tumor growth.
Scientists have found that a naturally occurring virus called reovirus can act as an effective immunotherapy in patients with brain cancer or other cancers that have spread to the brain. The virus replicates and kills cancer cells, while also stimulating the body's own immune system.
Patients with glioblastoma who received TTFields therapy plus chemotherapy had better overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone. The study showed significant improvement in treatment outcomes for this aggressive brain tumor.
A Northwestern Medicine study reveals autophagy's promoting role in malignant glioblastoma and identifies MST4 and ATG4B as key players. Inhibiting ATG4B with radiotherapy significantly slows tumor growth, increasing overall survival rates.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have identified a new weakness in medulloblastoma, the most common form of childhood brain tumour, which could lead to more targeted treatments. The study found that high levels of BMI1 and low levels of CHD7 are associated with poor prognosis in aggressive human medulloblastoma.
A new treatment aims to direct an immune response against a misshapen protein found exclusively on cancer cells, offering hope for children with deadly diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The protein target is a neoantigen that can be used to develop more selective and potent immunotherapies.
Researchers have identified a genetically distinct subpopulation of patients with glioblastoma that is particularly sensitive to drugs like cilengitide. The strategy uses a gene profile alone to predict which tumors are susceptible to αvβ3 blockade, offering a new therapeutic target for precision medicine in brain cancer treatment. Thi...
Researchers have identified a promising new target for treating highly aggressive brain tumors like atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and medulloblastoma in children. The experimental PLK4 inhibitor was shown to shrink tumors and increase survival in an animal model, crossing the blood-brain barrier to target cancer cells.
A University of Guelph professor has identified a protein called cadherin-22 as crucial in the spread of cancer cells. The discovery could lead to new treatments by hindering the protein's function, reducing adhesion and invasion rates by up to 90%.
A phase 1 clinical trial has opened enrollment for children aged 12 and above, leveraging a re-engineered polio virus to treat high-grade brain tumors. Dramatic responses have been seen in adult trial participants, paving the way for this innovative therapy to be tested in pediatric patients.
Researchers have developed a new therapy that blocks the TRF1 protein, which is essential for protecting telomeres in glioblastoma cells. This approach has shown promising results in mouse models, with a significant increase in survival rates and reduction in tumour growth.
A recent study published in Nature Genetics reveals that the DNA error surveillance and repair system is more efficient in protein-coding exons than other genomic regions. This higher efficiency allows for better conservation of essential genetic sequences across species.
A new liquid biopsy technique can detect telltale signs of tumors in children's biofluids, enabling earlier diagnosis and monitoring of aggressive pediatric brainstem cancer. The method has shown high sensitivity and specificity in detecting H3K27M mutant glioma, a form of cancer with poor prognosis.
A pilot study shows that fluorescent imaging with antibody cetuximab can specifically distinguish cancer from normal tissue in patients with glioblastoma. The technique allows surgeons to visualize tumors more clearly, potentially leading to better progression-free survival.
Childhood low-grade gliomas, the most common type of brain tumor in children, exhibit distinct biological differences driven by mutated genes. These findings may guide personalized treatments for individual patients and provide insights into developing more effective anticancer therapies.
A research team led by Dr. Claudia Barros aims to understand the cellular changes leading to glioblastoma brain tumor development. Using a Drosophila fruit fly model, they visualize cancer stem cells and identify early molecular changes.
Scientists at Wake Forest Baptist will use a $9.2 million grant to develop new molecularly targeted drugs and drug delivery systems for aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. The goal is to directly attack tumor mass and cells in surrounding areas, increasing therapeutic efficacy.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is driven by two distinct subsets of cancer stem cells, each with its own transcriptional program and morphological characteristics. Targeting these cell populations using combined BMI1 and EZH2 inhibition achieves modest efficacy in solo treatments but synergistic results when used together.
Dr. Fine's laboratory uses cerebral organoids to model glioma growth and response to therapies, offering a more accurate representation of clinical disease. The award supports his personalized brain-cancer models, which may lead to precision medicine treatment strategies.
A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin has created an accurate and efficient method to characterize gliomas, the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Their system combined biophysical models with machine learning algorithms to analyze Magnetic Resonance imaging data, achieving top results in a c...
Scientists have identified 10 distinct diseases in deadly childhood brain tumours, each with unique genetic faults. The study found that some types can be treated using existing drugs or those under development, offering hope for more effective care.
A new study published in Nature found that highly lethal brain tumors stop growing when deprived of a specific molecule naturally produced when brain cells fire. Researchers suggest targeting the protein neuroligin-3 as a potential approach for treating high-grade gliomas.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that cutting off access to a signaling molecule can halt the growth of certain aggressive brain tumors. The team's findings suggest that interrupting the neuroligin-3 signal could be a helpful strategy for controlling high-grade gliomas in human patients.
Researchers discovered that disrupting DNA loops in glial cells can reduce NFIA expression and tumor proliferation. This finding opens a potential new approach to treating glioma, a deadly form of brain cancer.
A University of Colorado study found that blood tumor markers can predict lung cancer progression, allowing for earlier adjustments to treatment plans. Markers were associated with a 10% or greater rise in 53% of patients experiencing cancer progression, but not limited brain progression cases.
A new imaging tool using targeted fluorescent dye successfully lit up benign brain tumors in patients undergoing removal surgery, allowing surgeons to identify tumor tissue. The technique improved surgical outcomes, with a 73% gross-total resection rate and perfect concordance for post-operative MRI results.
Researchers used advanced brain mapping techniques to preserve musician's musical ability during surgery. The study, published in Current Biology, sheds new light on how music is processed in the brain and its importance for individuals like Dan Fabbio, who relies on music as his livelihood.
A €3.7 million project, AiPBAND, is training a new generation of brain tumor researchers in the EU and China. The four-year initiative focuses on gliomas, a devastating brain tumour type affecting 25,000 people annually in Europe.
Researchers at Lund University identified a specific marker (CD44) that interacts with protein HIF-2a, allowing cancer stem cells in glioblastoma to adapt to oxygen deprivation. This interaction enables the growth of more aggressive tumor cells, which are resistant to treatment and contribute to recurrence.
Researchers discovered that combining a novel drug MI-773 with traditional chemotherapy cisplatin destroyed salivary gland tumor cells and prevented recurrence within 300 days. This combination therapy showed promise in treating adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare cancer affecting 3,000-4,000 people annually.
The European Association for Neuro-Oncology has developed new guidelines to treat adult patients with astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas more effectively. The guidelines provide guidance on prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment options, aiming to limit unnecessary treatments and costs.
Researchers at the University of Portsmouth have identified two molecules, CD15s and CD62E, that play a key role in brain tumor cells binding to blood vessels. By blocking these molecules, it may be possible to prevent brain tumors from developing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers discovered a novel molecular mechanism that maintains glioma stem cells, which are responsible for tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence in glioblastoma. A small molecule inhibitor CMP3a selectively inhibits NEK2 kinase activity to promote tumor growth and radiation resistance.
Researchers found genetically modified CAR T cells successfully migrated to and penetrated glioblastoma tumors, but triggered an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome resistance, existing immunotherapies targeting checkpoint inhibitors may be necessary.
A comprehensive genomic analysis of over 500 medulloblastoma patients revealed new mutations and genetic missteps, including two suspected oncogenes. The discoveries will aid efforts to develop precision medicines with increased survival rates and reduced side effects.
A proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of nanoparticles in delivering molecules that target specific genetic markers in glioblastoma brain tumors. The therapy stops tumor growth and extends survival when administered continuously through an implanted drug infusion pump.
A research team has revealed intrinsic gene expression patterns of glioblastoma tumors, which could drive more effective treatments. The study found that tumor microenvironment cells contribute to the 'ecosystem' of hundreds of GBM tumors, influencing treatment outcomes and response to immunotherapy.
Scientists from the University of Plymouth have discovered that cellular prion protein is over-produced in schwannoma cells, contributing to tumor growth and patient prognosis. The study identified existing drugs that could manage this protein overproduction and potentially lead to an effective therapy for neurofibromatosis 2 patients.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a new method to screen brain tumor cells and identify potential drug targets. The team found 57 genes required for cancer cell survival in the brain, but not in traditional laboratory culture, suggesting a new avenue for therapeutic development.
Researchers found significant dose-dependent changes in cortical neural networks after radiotherapy for brain tumors, affecting global network effects and cognitive processing.
Scientists have found that pericytes, strong contractile cells forming blood vessels, can also produce tumors and enable their spread. GT198, a gene normally expressing stem-cell like properties, becomes an oncogene when mutated, promoting cancer growth.
A new strategy for treating glioblastoma, a difficult-to-treat brain tumor, has shown promising results in mice by combining medications that disable two proteins. This approach could potentially extend or save the lives of patients diagnosed with this lethal form of cancer.
Researchers found that radiation therapy can alter neural networks and lead to cognitive decline in patients with brain tumors. The study suggests that the treatment may cause broader adverse effects, including thinning of the brain cortex and increased segregation between brain regions.
Researchers found weakened cytokine interactions in blood samples of people who developed glioma, a type of brain cancer. This discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center present two combination therapies that significantly shrink metastatic brain tumors in over half of patients with stage IV melanoma. The trials demonstrate the feasibility of conducting clinical trials for these patients and offer new hope for those with brain metastases.