Old Maori village discovered by Otago archaeologists
A 2.5 metre-deep excavation at Eastland Port uncovered moa bones and stone tools made of obsidian and chert, dating back to the early 1300s.
Science News Archive May 2018 - Page 5
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New Omega-3 trial for secondary liver cancer surgery
A new clinical trial is testing whether omega-3 capsules can stop bowel cancer from returning after liver surgery. The trial, funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research, involves 450 patients and investigates the effectiveness of a highly purified form of EPA.
Microscopic universe provides insight into life and death of a neutron
Scientists have calculated the axial coupling constant of the weak interaction with high precision using lattice QCD simulations. This method allows for the comparison of experimental results and may explain discrepancies in neutron lifetime, shedding light on dark matter and fundamental universe questions.
Space technologies to help improve environmental and living conditions at banks of the Ganges
An international team, led by the University of Leicester, is using satellite data and UAVs to monitor land use, food and water security at the banks of the Ganges Basin. The project aims to optimize agriculture practices in the region and address climate change-induced threats to crop yield and production.
What happens to plasmalogens, the phospholipids nobody likes to think about
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found an enzyme that breaks down plasmalogens, a phospholipid abundant in the heart and brain, shedding light on their role in Alzheimer's disease and other conditions.
SourceAmerican Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateMay 29, 2018
Tree species vital to restoring disturbed tropical forests
A global study found that Leguminosae trees are twice as common in dry compared with wet secondary forests during the first three decades of natural forest regeneration. These trees have high drought tolerance and can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, making them essential for tropical forest regrowth in dry regions.
Positive recommendation IDMC to Zepsyre® to continue Phase III trial small-cell lung cancer
IDMC recommends continuing Zepsyre® (lurbinectedin, PM1183) Phase III trial in small-cell lung cancer patients. The pivotal trial assesses the efficacy of PM1183 in combination with doxorubicin compared to standard treatments.
Surrey develops hepatitis C model that could help improve treatment
The University of Surrey has created a mathematical model that more accurately details how hepatitis C (HCV) infection develops and behaves. This new model could lead to improved treatment for the infection affecting 215,000 people in the UK.
Mesoscience: Discovering the unknowns between the knowns
Mesoscience offers broad potential beyond chemical engineering, tackling complex systems in the real world with unprecedented approach. The concept is attracting increasing attention from top scientists worldwide.
The case of the relativistic particles solved with NASA missions
The Van Allen Probes mission has identified local acceleration as the main cause of highly energized ions and electrons in the radiation belts, contrary to previous theories that suggested radial diffusion was the primary driver. This discovery is crucial for improving space weather forecasting models.
In child-crippling mucolipidosis IV, drug shows hope in lab cultures
Researchers have successfully tested an existing prescription drug, fingolimod, on lab cultures infected with mucolipidosis IV (MLIV), a rare genetic disease that causes severe neurological damage. The study suggests that fingolimod may help regulate abnormal astrocyte behavior and improve brain function in MLIV patients.
Brain scientists identify 'cross talk' between neurons that control touch in mice
Researchers have discovered a previously overlooked connection between neurons in two distinct areas of the mammalian brain that control the sense of touch. In mice, layer 4 neurons in the S2 region extended their axons beyond their local area to reach neurons in the S1 region, suggesting a link between movement and sensation.
Researchers predict materials to stabilize record-high capacity lithium-ion battery
A Northwestern University research team has discovered a new battery material with a record-high charge capacity, enabling smartphones and electric vehicles to last more than twice as long between charges. By adding oxygen to the traditional cathode compound, the battery achieves higher capacity and stability.
Researchers listen for failure in granular materials
Scientists employed passive acoustic vibrations to characterize the vibrational modes of granular materials, revealing a new method to predict failure. The technique measures active vibrational modes' frequencies, providing an acoustic snapshot of the material's overall health.
NSF CAREER winner Sheereen Majd to improve drug delivery
Sheereen Majd aims to improve nanoparticle drug delivery by targeting diseased cells and minimizing off-targeting. Her research combines existing technologies to create a precise and stable carrier system, promising efficient delivery of bioactive molecules to specific sites in the body.
New tool for female reproductive genetics
Researchers have developed a new tool that can work in both non-reproductive cells and egg-producing cells using the Gal4/UAS two-component activation system. The UASz vector has been shown to express about 4 times higher than UASp in the egg-producing system, overcoming previous limitations.
Report identifies characteristics of microorganisms most likely to cause a global pandemic
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security have developed a forward-looking framework for identifying naturally occurring microorganisms that pose a global catastrophic biological risk (GCBR). The report outlines common characteristics of a potential GCBR-level pandemic pathogen, including respiratory mode of transmiss...
Novel RNA-modifying tool corrects genetic diseases
Researchers have developed a novel RNA-modifying tool called RIBOTAC, which uses a small-molecule-based approach to selectively delete toxic gene products and control the body's defense mechanisms. This technology has potential applications for treating genetic diseases such as cancer and incurable human genetic disorders.
New research could improve wireless sensing and communication
Researchers at Binghamton University are developing a micro-device using bio-photovoltaic technology to create self-sustaining wireless sensor networks. The project aims to harness energy from biological photosynthesis to improve wireless sensing and communication, with potential applications in various industries.
Could we work together with our bacteria to stop infection?
Researchers at Oxford University have created a lab-based approach to develop defensive relationships between hosts and bacteria, which can work together to prevent infection. The study found that these relationships can evolve quickly in a matter of weeks, providing a new potential solution to the growing superbug crisis.
Water is not the same as water
Scientists have successfully separated two forms of water, ortho- and para-water, which exhibit different chemical reactivities due to their nuclear spin orientations. These findings were reported in Nature Communications and confirmed by computer simulations.
Better, faster, stronger: Building batteries that don't go boom
Michigan Tech researchers explore lithium's mechanical properties to improve battery storage capacity and safety. Their findings highlight the importance of lithium's orientation-dependent elastic properties in controlling battery performance.
Hormesis and paradoxical effects in plants upon exposure to formaldehyde are common phenomena
Researchers at Lobachevsky University discovered hormesis and paradoxical effects in plants under formaldehyde exposure, affecting growth and biochemical indicators. This study contributes to improving environmental assessment methods using plant parameters.
Wayne State College of Nursing receives $2.6 million HRSA grant to expand BSN training in Detroit
The Wayne State University College of Nursing is expanding its BSN training program with a $2.6 million HRSA grant to address the growing need for nurses working on community-based primary care and public health teams. Students will participate in immersive clinical experiences alongside RNs in Detroit's community settings.
Columbia engineers invent a noninvasive technique to correct vision
Researchers at Columbia University have developed a new non-invasive approach to permanently correct vision. The technique uses a low-powered ultrafast laser to alter biochemical and biomechanical properties of collagenous tissue, resulting in changes in corneal curvature and refractive power.
SourceColumbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science·JournalNature Photonics·DateMay 29, 2018
Tufts CTSI and MIT announce research collaboration
The collaboration aims to use clinical insights to fine-tune early device testing, focusing on preclinical support, proof of concept studies, de-risking medical device translation, and rapid prototyping. Tufts CTSI and MIT will provide resources and expertise to research teams to efficiently turn device concepts into testable prototypes.
Young women at high genetic risk of breast cancer -- plastic surgeons play key role in treatment
Plastic surgeons are crucial in managing young women at high genetic risk of breast cancer due to BRCA gene mutations. These women have a low lifetime risk of breast cancer, only 1.5-3.4% by age 30, and may benefit from mastectomy, but the decision is complex and requires careful consideration.
Sex hormone levels alter heart disease risk in older women
A study of over 2,800 postmenopausal women found that a higher proportion of male to female sex hormones was associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular disease risk. The researchers suggest that having a more male-like hormone profile may affect heart disease risk independent of other risk factors.
Novel power meter opens the door for in-situ, real-time monitoring of high-power lasers
Researchers at NIST developed a novel power meter called 'Smart Mirror' that measures laser power in real-time using radiation pressure. The device is compact, sensitive, and fast, enabling continuous measurement during welding and calibration processes.
Now, you can hold a copy of your brain in the palm of your hand
Researchers developed a new method to convert complex medical images into physical models with unprecedented detail. This technique uses dithered bitmaps to simplify grayscale images, allowing for faster and more accurate printing.
SourceWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard·Journal3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing·DateMay 29, 2018
Impaired energy production may explain why brain is susceptible to age-related diseases
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered that cells from older individuals had impaired mitochondria, leading to reduced energy production. This finding could reveal more about the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and age-related brain diseases.
Virtual brain could aid surgical planning
Researchers created personalized brain models using The Virtual Brain platform, accurately predicting the effects of tumors on brain connectivity. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for integrating neuroimaging data with virtual brain modeling to enhance surgical planning.
What caused the gender pay gap in medicine?
A new study aims to identify the causes of the gender pay gap in medicine through dataset interrogation and qualitative evidence, with the goal of offering actionable recommendations. The project, led by Professor Carol Woodhams, will inform future decision-making for the Doctors' Pay Review Body.
Penn-led trial shows AZEDRA can be effective, safe for treatment of rare neuroendocrine tumors
A Penn-led trial has shown that AZEDRA can significantly reduce cardiovascular side effects and stop tumor growth in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. The drug is effective in controlling tumor size while also alleviating debilitating symptoms caused by excess hormone production.
Group making digital tool for documenting life on Earth adopts new organizational model
The Specify team has adopted a biological museum-membership organization to migrate from grant-supported to community-supported funding. The new model allows institutions of all sizes to contribute to the operating budget, while maintaining open-source software licensing and free access for users.
Researchers magnify the brain in motion with every heartbeat
Researchers developed an imaging technique that reveals tiny brain motions induced by blood pulsation and CSF flow, enabling better visualization of brain motion. This method promises a long-awaited diagnostic tool for obstructive brain disorders, such as Chiari malformation I.
Surgical outcomes equivalent whether physician anesthesiologist assisted by nurse anesthetist or AA
A new study published in Anesthesiology found no significant differences in death rates, hospital length of stay or costs between anesthesia care teams led by a physician and assisted by a nurse anesthetist or an anesthesiologist assistant. Physician supervision lessens any training differences between the two.
MSU neuroscientist publishes research that opens door for brain disorder therapies
A MSU neuroscientist published research that reveals how the brain maintains attentional focus during eye movements, which could lead to new treatments or therapies for some brain disorders. The study's findings may also contribute to the development of screening technologies and targeted behavioral therapies for conditions like autism.
Scientists improve ability to measure electrical properties of plasma
Researchers at DOE's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory discovered a way to more accurately measure the electrical properties of plasma. They found that a positive charge can sometimes surround probes, contradicting long-held assumptions about the plasma-wall sheath.
UTSA researchers create framework to stop cyber attacks on internet-connected cars
Researchers at UTSA created an authorization framework for connected cars to prevent cyber attacks and unauthorized access to sensors and data. The framework provides a conceptual overview of various access control decision and enforcement points needed for dynamic interaction in smart car ecosystems.
New model explains what we see when a massive black hole devours a star
A new study provides a unified model for understanding tidal disruption events, which occur when a star is torn apart by a supermassive black hole's gravity. The model reveals that viewing angle accounts for differences in observed properties of these events, offering a coherent framework for researchers to analyze.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Cruz·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateMay 29, 2018
Olfactory receptor as therapeutic target in bladder cancer
A team of researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum has discovered an olfactory receptor in human bladder tissue that may prove useful for bladder cancer therapy and diagnosis. The receptor, OR10H1, responds to sandalwood scents and inhibits tumour growth when activated.
Custom 3D-printed models help plastic surgeons plan and perform rhinoplasty
Three-dimensional printed models provide a useful visual reference for plastic surgeons performing rhinoplasty, helping to achieve the desired clinical result. The models also improve communication with patients before surgery, making it easier to understand the surgical possibilities and limitations.
Scientists discover key mechanism behind the formation of spider silk
Researchers found a crucial structural element in spider silk proteins that forms strong beta-sheets, enabling quick weaving. The study used advanced spectroscopy methods to analyze the soluble protein before it formed into solid sheets.
UTA awarded NSF grant to recruit more STEM teachers
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program grant from the National Science Foundation to promote STEM teacher recruitment, preparation, and induction. The grant adds computer science and engineering teachers to the pool, benefiting students pursuing secondary certification.
First time guidance on treating red diaper syndrome in otherwise healthy breastfed infants
A case study and literature review concludes that breastfeeding should continue normally in mothers and babies with red diaper syndrome caused by Serratia marcescens. Treatment of the bacteria is not recommended for healthy infants, and clinical judgement should guide physicians' decisions.
SourceMary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News·JournalBreastfeeding Medicine·DateMay 29, 2018
Bees adjust to seasons with nutrients in flowers and 'dirty water'
Researchers found that honey bees shift their nutrient intake according to the season, increasing calcium consumption in the fall and seeking high-potassium sources. This adaptation helps prepare the bees for colder months when they need these minerals to generate warmth.
High-risk, undertreated mystery heart attacks occurring more commonly in women
A University of Alberta study found that nearly six per cent of patients have a heart attack without any blockage in the arteries, with five per cent experiencing another heart attack or death within one year. Patients with MINOCA are twice as likely to be female and require more aggressive preventive treatment.
SourceUniversity of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry·JournalInternational Journal of Cardiology·DateMay 29, 2018
Blackcurrant dye could make hair coloring safer, more sustainable
Researchers developed a natural, non-toxic hair dye from blackcurrant skins that is as durable as conventional dyes and retains color through multiple washings. The dye's anthocyanin-based formula shows promise in addressing environmental concerns and potential health risks associated with traditional hair coloring.
Data from online physician review sites may be skewed and misleading to consumers, new study finds
A new study by Cedars-Sinai investigators found that online physician satisfaction scores tend to be skewed and can mislead patients. The study examined data from Healthgrades and found that ratings consistently skewed positively and had different distributions across specialties.
UTA researcher's technology could revolutionize testing, tracking of brain performance
A UTA engineer has developed computer tests and games that track individual brain functioning, providing a more objective measure of brain performance. The technology aims to help people make smarter decisions about their brain health and impacts daily life.
Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018
The American Cancer Society report highlights a decline in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality rates in the US, with significant reductions seen among white populations. The strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer is a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations accounting for nearly 40% of cases.
Stronger alcohol policies help reduce alcohol-related crash deaths in US
A new study from Boston Medical Center and Boston University found that stronger alcohol policies significantly reduce the likelihood of alcohol-related car crashes, resulting in lower death rates. The research indicates that comprehensive policy approaches are needed nationwide to address this critical public health concern.
Flow in the asthenosphere drags tectonic plates along
New research by Rice University geophysicists reveals that the asthenosphere's convective cycling and pressure-driven flow can move faster than the tectonic plates on top of it. This challenges a long-held theory that the lithosphere moves independently of the asthenosphere.
Study finds big savings in removing dams over repairs
A study by Portland State University finds that removing dams could save up to $64 billion compared to repairing them. The research suggests that better data and analysis are needed to inform dam management decisions.
Smoking, lack of exercise linked to early death after divorce
A new study links divorce to increased risk of smoking and lower physical activity levels, which can lead to early mortality. Divorced individuals report lower life satisfaction, predicting poorer health outcomes.
High protein diet associated with small increased heart failure risk in middle-aged men
A new study by the American Heart Association found that high protein diets may be associated with a small increased risk of heart failure in middle-aged men. The study followed 2,441 men over an average of 22 years and found that those who consumed more protein had a slightly higher risk of developing heart failure.
It takes a village
Researchers at Monash University have developed a hand-made super-microscope capable of seeing the building blocks of bacterial cell walls. This discovery has shed light on how bacteria evade the immune system, providing key knowledge to disarm superbug resistance.
Early-life seizures prematurely wake up brain networks tied to autism
A Penn Medicine study reveals that early-life seizures can lead to premature activation of synapses tied to learning and language skills in children with autism. The researchers found that an antiepileptic drug may keep these synapses 'silent' longer, allowing the brain to develop normally.
NASA and NOAA satellites track Alberto in the US south
Alberto has weakened to a subtropical depression with strongest storms circling its low-level center, producing heavy rainfall and flash flooding concerns.