Research published in Journal of Adolescent Health found nearly 1 in 5 fifth-graders has received violent injuries, often from guns or knives. Bullies were 41% more likely to be violently injured than other children, highlighting the need for early intervention and prevention strategies.
Researchers at IUPUI have developed a way to create more-mature models of the human retina using human stem cells and astrocytes. These findings will guide the development of a lab-grown model of glaucoma, enabling researchers to study the disease in greater detail.
Low-cost changes in hospital canteens, such as increasing healthy options and reducing portion sizes, were found to improve the health of healthcare staff. These changes, driven by 'nudge theory', can have a significant impact on the UK workforce and NHS efficiency.
Researchers at Kanazawa University have discovered a critical signaling pathway that drives the proliferation of cancer stem cells in breast cancer. The pathway, involving Semaphorin 3 and MICAL3 proteins, is targeted by inhibiting these proteins to reduce breast-cancer stem-like cells.
A longitudinal study found that skills learned in friendships with peers of the same gender were strongest predictors of later romantic satisfaction. Adolescents' progress in social developmental tasks, such as establishing positive relationships and managing peer relationships, predicted future romantic competence.
Researchers warn that China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) threatens native species and biodiversity due to high-risk introduction hotspots along proposed Economic Corridors. The team recommends early prevention, strict surveillance, rapid response, and effective control measures to mitigate the risk of biological invasions.
A study found that adolescent girls exposed to severe drought conditions in rural Lesotho had higher rates of HIV and were more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. The researchers call for a coordinated policy to attenuate the effects of drought on HIV infection in southern Africa.
A research team studied how children draw themselves and found that their expressiveness varies based on the audience's authority and familiarity. The study involved 175 children aged eight and nine, who were asked to draw three pictures of themselves - a baseline, happy, and sad drawing.
A recent study by the University of Cambridge found that individuals who are slim and healthy tend to have fewer genetic variants associated with obesity. The researchers identified new genetic regions involved in severe obesity and those contributing to healthy thinness, suggesting a genetic advantage for those who maintain their weight.
A joint research team discovered that macroscopic frictions between clay mineral surfaces originate from interatomic electrostatic forces. This finding may facilitate the development of friction-reducing solid lubricants and a deeper understanding of earthquake-causing fault slip mechanisms.
Researchers at MU developed a theoretical model showing multiple pathways for proteins to break free from cell membranes. The discovery provides insight into signaling pathways and cellular functions, paving the way for future studies on protein-membrane interactions.
Scientists at deCODE genetics in Iceland have published the first genetic map of the human genome developed using whole-genome sequence data. The study reveals that recombination and de novo mutation are linked mechanisms generating human diversity.
Researchers discovered that STAT5B facilitates leukemogenesis in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. They found that the absence of STAT5B increases interferon response and suppresses transformation. This understanding may enable precision medicine strategies to treat disease.
A recent study found that positive well-being is associated with a lower risk of depression in adults with autism. The research followed 36 newly employed adults with autism and discovered that interventions targeting mental health and well-being in the workplace may be necessary to improve outcomes.
A new analysis by NYU College of Global Public Health found that the US Supreme Court's decision in NIFLA v. Becerra did not consider deceptive speech, a key issue in the case. The study suggests that the court's silence on this topic creates new uncertainties about government disclosure requirements.
Researchers developed a strategy to design single-atom catalysts for CO2 transformation, exhibiting superior activity and stability. The Ir-based catalyst shows the best performance yet for heterogeneous conversion of CO2 to formate.
This study developed a personalized approach to inducing immunity against unique combinations of tumor neoantigens, resulting in higher CD8+ T-cell immunity and delayed tumor growth. The vaccine platform successfully killed tumor cells, slowed tumor progression, and prolonged survival in preclinical models.
A new study found that children with genetic variants related to intelligence and educational attainment have larger total brain volume. Conversely, those at higher risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have smaller caudate nucleus volume.
A novel model developed by MIT and Microsoft researchers identifies instances where autonomous systems learn from examples that don't match the real world, leading to dangerous errors. The model uses human feedback to pinpoint situations where more information is needed to act correctly.
Researchers developed an AI-powered method to correct errors in single-cell RNA sequencing, enabling precise data for every cell. The algorithm, called kBET, quantifies differences between experiments and facilitates comparison of correction results.
CKAP4, a plasma membrane protein, is released from pancreatic cancer cells in exosomes, allowing for its detection in serum. Researchers developed anti-CKAP4 monoclonal antibodies that block tumor signaling and inhibit growth, providing a potential therapeutic intervention.
A team of researchers at Stanford University has discovered a signaling molecule that promotes the growth of small arteries leading into oxygen-starved heart tissues, offering hope for new treatments. The protein, CXCL12, is activated in response to low oxygen levels and helps heal damaged heart tissue.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed an algorithm that can predict porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreaks with approximately 80% accuracy. The algorithm uses weekly farm-level incidence data, including animal movements and environmental factors, to identify neighborhoods at high risk of PEDV spread.
Children tend to prefer friends with similar accents, even if they're exposed to diverse accents daily. Regular exposure doesn't seem to change these preferences, according to a recent study published by the American Psychological Association.
A new report from a global task force of bone health experts suggests that surgical procedures for spinal fractures may not be effective in reducing pain or improving quality of life. The report recommends against the use of vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty, citing a lack of evidence supporting their benefits.
A new Tulane University study found that lower-carbon diets are not only good for the environment but also healthier, with Americans eating less red meat and dairy. Diets high in saturated fat and greenhouse gas emissions were found to have a negative impact on nutritional value.
A new recovery pathway has been implemented to reduce hospital stays after the Whipple operation by 15 days, allowing patients with pancreatic cancer to transition more quickly to the next phase of treatment. The study found that this accelerated care did not increase complication rates and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers discovered that kidney-resident macrophages in mice undergo a developmental reprogramming after acute kidney injury, similar to those found in newborn mice. This reprogramming may aid in promoting healing and tissue regeneration, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches for patients.
A study found that preschool-aged children exhibit gendered racial bias, with less positive evaluations of Black boys compared to Black girls, White boys, or White girls. This bias was present in both White and non-White children and is linked to social biases observed in adults.
A newly discovered reptile platypus from the early Triassic period has been found in what is now China. The animal, named Eretmorhipis carrolldongi, had a bill similar to that of modern platypuses and likely fed on small invertebrates.
Researchers at Osaka University found that heterochromatin helps prevent large chromosomal rearrangements by repressing transcription of centromere repeats. The team's study reveals a key mechanism for maintaining chromosomal integrity and could lead to new methods for securing genome stability.
African American women with a history of keloids are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive, late-stage breast cancers. The study found a link between ethnic variations in tumor immune response and the unique cancer risk.
A NYU Tandon-led research team invented thermal lithography process for fabricating metal electrodes on 2D semiconductors, improving transistor quality and reducing power consumption. The new fabrication method offers advantages over standard electron beam lithography methods.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens suggests that CD4+ T cells are essential for local control of viral infection and can confer protection against lethal doses of the Zika virus. The findings support the development of vaccines targeting this cell type, which may be safe and effective against infection in multiple contexts.
A new paper by Yale researchers confirms that increasing soil organic carbon boosts yields until concentrations reach about 2 percent, after which returns diminish. Roughly two-thirds of agricultural soils dedicated to maize and wheat fall below this threshold, suggesting vast potential for policies promoting increased SOM.
A Rutgers study found that white math teachers in predominantly black middle schools responded more negatively to students' behavioral and academic issues. This can lead to long-term negative consequences for student performance and highlights the need for targeted recruitment of black teachers.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have discovered how plants detect odor molecules by binding to transcriptional co-repressors, changing gene expression. This understanding may lead to new ways of influencing plant behavior, such as altering crop quality or deterring pests.
A study by Rice University suggests that a planetary collision formed the moon and delivered life-essential elements to Earth. The research found that Earth's carbon and nitrogen content is consistent with a moon-forming impact involving a volatile-bearing, Mars-sized planet with a sulfur-rich core.
Millions of adults are entering middle age with high levels of childhood lead exposure, associated with lower IQ, behavioral problems, and mental health issues. Childhood blood lead levels were linked to adult difficulties in personality traits such as neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
A new malaria vaccine using a cytomegalovirus-based platform has shown promising results, reducing the parasite's release by 75-80% in infected rhesus macaques. The vaccine could offer lifelong protection against malaria, a disease that claims hundreds of millions of lives each year.
A study in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy found that providing more information about how doctors prescribe drugs can reduce problems associated with overprescription. Between 2012 and 2017, there was a notable decrease of 14% in antibiotic prescriptions in England.
Scientists at Newcastle University have identified a gene crucial for sperm production, shedding light on why some men may be infertile. The RBMXL2 gene's deletion blocked sperm production, paving the way for further research into male factor infertility.
Researchers at Osaka University discovered a plant peptide hormone that controls the development of two different cell types involved in water flow through plants. The hormone binds to distinct receptors in leaves and roots, generating unique cellular structures essential for water transport.
The La Jolla Institute has been awarded a seven-year NIH contract renewal to host and expand the Immune Epitope Database, containing over 530,000 epitopes from 3,600 species. This vast amount of data allows researchers to unlock clues to disease causes by searching for commonalities among different pathogens.
Researchers have successfully engineered a protein that balances an overreaction of the immune system, making it a promising candidate for sepsis therapy. By understanding how interleukins mediate communication between immune cells, scientists can now modulate their reaction in a targeted manner.
The study identifies key areas for improvement in pediatric patient care, including high-reliability principles and early-warning systems. Stakeholders, including parents, played a crucial role in shaping the research agenda.
A new study from the University of York found that first-time mothers who give birth via unplanned cesarean section are 15% more likely to experience postnatal depression. The study highlights the need for increased mental health support for women whose babies are delivered via emergency C-section.
A study published in Nature found that people with multiple sclerosis have different types of oligodendrocytes than healthy individuals, which may explain why their myelin repair process does not work as well. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for progressive MS.
Researchers found that dragonflies with darker wings absorb more heat, leading to stronger flight and successful territorial battles. However, at extremely high temperatures, dark-colored wings cause overheating and poor flight, potentially leading to reproductive difficulties.
Researchers at Osaka University found that common bacterial metabolites pyruvate and lactate activate the intestinal immune response, enhancing dendrite protrusion in macrophages. This discovery has multiple clinical applications, including improving oral vaccines and eliminating intestinal pathogens.
A new study establishes a link between climate change, conflict, and migration for the first time. The research found that specific circumstances can lead to increased migration through causing conflict, particularly in regions with poor governance and scarce resources.
Researchers found that older cells in MS patients can reform myelin, but new oligodendrocyte generation is severely limited. This suggests treating MS aggressively at an early stage is crucial to prevent further damage.
Czech researchers used 360-degree headshots to assess fighters' perceived fighting ability. Despite this, ratings were not linked to actual MMA score or physical characteristics. However, heavier fighters with higher anaerobic performance were judged as more successful based on their facial features.
Researchers at Ames Laboratory have stabilized skyrmions without an external magnetic field, observing their behavior over time, temperature, and magnetic field. This breakthrough provides a solid foundation for theorists to better understand the phenomenon.
A Phase 1 human clinical trial has begun testing a freeze-dried, temperature-stable formulation of the experimental tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate ID93. The trial aims to determine if the single-vial formulation of ID93 and adjuvant GLA-SE is as effective as previously tested two-vial combination in inducing an immune response.
Researchers at UBC's Okanagan campus have developed a state-of-the-art microfluidic gas detector that can detect small traces of gases quickly and efficiently. The device uses 3D-printed parts to create the microchannel and metal oxide semiconductor, and has potential applications in environmental monitoring, food quality assessments, ...
Research has confirmed the presence of neurotoxin BMAA in 89% of eastern Australian freshwater samples, with highest levels ever recorded. The toxin is produced by cyanobacteria and linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS/MND worldwide.
A recent US study by UTSA researchers links food insecurity and living in a food desert to an increased risk of obesity. The study found that women are more likely to experience obesity due to food insecurity, while Black and Hispanic households face higher risks.
Scientists at UC San Diego have developed the world's first CRISPR/Cas9-based approach to control genetic inheritance in a mammal. They successfully engineered an active genetic element that can be copied from one chromosome to another, allowing for the control of multiple genes in mice.
A Georgia State researcher has been awarded a $1.2 million grant to develop drone technology for wildfire management, providing real-time data to aid evacuations and fire management decisions. The technology aims to help contain wildfires, predict fire spread, and support human-UAS collaboration.