Researchers found that probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri stimulates cancer-killing T cells by secreting indole-3-aldehyde, which activates a receptor in CD8 cells. A diet rich in tryptophan enhances the effect of immunotherapy on shrinking tumors and prolonging survival.
A global study led by the University of Galway found that sleep problems, including snoring and sleep apnea, can increase the likelihood of having a stroke. The study identified six sleep behaviors associated with an increased risk of stroke.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet found that people with obesity due to genetic predisposition have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. The study analyzed data from over 15,000 twins and medical registries, suggesting that genetics may play a role in mitigating the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The University of Texas at El Paso will study the role of obesity and inflammation in pancreatic cancer development, a disease with high mortality rates. The grant aims to develop targeted treatments and preventives, potentially transforming understanding of pancreatic cancer.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have developed a new method to measure consciousness without external stimulation, using a breathing task internally prompted by the subject. This approach detected loss of responsiveness at lower concentrations of anesthetic than previous methods, suggesting it is more sensitive.
Human macrophages use Siglec-14 receptors to recognize and engulf carbon nanotubes, leading to inflammation. The discovery could pave the way for developing safer carbon nanotubes and therapies to prevent inflammatory diseases.
A new study by University of Utah researchers finds that US forests may lose carbon through fire, stress, and insect damage, compromising their role as a climate solution. The study suggests urgent need to update carbon offset protocols with best available science on climate risks.
A team of UBC Okanagan researchers has developed a regional house price mining and forecasting framework (RHPMF) that provides comprehensive reports on neighborhood data. The tool helps users analyze population, social dynamics, housing costs, and historical background to assess the market and make informed decisions.
A new UK study found that wearing surgical masks in a large London hospital during the first 10 months of Omicron activity made no difference to reducing hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections. Researchers analyzed infection control data and found no significant change in infection rates when mask-wearing policies were removed or cont...
Seismic arrays in California's Long Beach and Seal Beach detected over 1,200 shallow earthquakes, showing the Newport-Inglewood fault splays widely at shallow depths. This suggests that a rupture to propagate to the surface may have multiple paths, implications for earthquake hazard planning.
A comprehensive study across six continents found intercropping to be effective against pests, with cabbage and squash showing the strongest resistance. The analysis of 44 field studies revealed that interspersed planting schemes were more effective than border plantings.
Researchers at UToledo developed a new model to estimate the abundance of rare species like invasive grass carp in freshwater ecosystems. The model helps guide management strategies and provides insight into the effectiveness of control efforts.
Researchers from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics have developed a method to create rare earth hydrides with superionic conduction at ambient temperatures. This breakthrough could pave the way for advanced clean energy storage technologies by enabling high-conductivity hydride ion batteries and fuel cells.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that smartphone plant identification apps are not accurate enough to rely on when it comes to identifying toxic plants. The researchers developed a repeatable scoring system to assess the accuracy of these apps and found them to be unreliable for this purpose.
Researchers developed a new technique to make solid-state electrolytes safer and more efficient for solid-state batteries, addressing the dendrite growth problem. The new approach creates a barrier layer that slows down dendrite growth and promotes their quick elimination, making the battery safer and more reliable.
Researchers identified potential neurological biomarkers of long COVID-19 in nonhuman primates, which could aid in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. The study found elevated proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Researchers have discovered that the amygdala uses specialized neurons to learn about threats and rewards, a finding that could lead to more effective treatments for anxiety and drug addiction. By studying how these neurons respond differently to various stimuli, scientists have gained insights into the brain's reward system.
A UC Riverside-led study finds nearly half of domestic well water users in the Central Valley live in disadvantaged communities with high manganese contamination rates. The highest concentrations are found in private, untreated well water systems, posing health risks to fetuses and children.
A recent study by SMU anthropologist Neely Myers found that ethnoracially minoritized youth are less likely to utilize early intervention programs and more likely to drop out once they begin. Culturally sensitive care can help, but family culture and language play a significant role in healthcare disparities.
A novel small molecule, MK-8722, has been shown to trigger improved muscle health in mice with muscular dystrophy by activating AMPK. This finding highlights the potential of this class of AMPK activators as a cost-effective and efficacious method for DMD treatment.
A study by GIST researchers found that Arctic warming is correlated with severe winters in East Asia and North America. The 'Warm Arctic-Cold Continent' phenomenon will persist but become more difficult to predict under warmer climates.
Research led by The University of Alabama reveals a dense, yet thin, layer of ancient ocean floor surrounding the Earth's core-mantle boundary. This ultra-low velocity zone is denser than the rest of the deep mantle and may play an important role in heat escape from the core.
A cross-sectional study in Tokyo, Japan assessed whether information on COVID-19 prevention measures reached the target audience. The study found that eating and drinking services had challenges disseminating accurate information to their staff.
Researchers at Tufts University have successfully produced bulk fat tissue in a lab that has a similar texture and makeup to natural animal fat. The aggregated fat cells can be fine-tuned to resemble real-life fat within meat, offering a key step towards mass production of cultured meat.
Researchers from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found that intramuscular administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) is safe and quickly reaches therapeutic concentrations in pregnant women. Oral TXA was also well-tolerated but took an hour to reach therapeutic blood concentrations.
A new study suggests that exposure therapy can be an effective treatment for adolescents with eating disorders, particularly in reducing anxiety towards food. The study found that exposing patients to feared foods, such as candy bars and pizza, helped decrease their anxiety levels and improved their relationships with food.
A recent study found that a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet can decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease by modifying biological pathways linked to the disease. The diet showed robust changes in gut microbiome and reduced levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter associated with Alzheimer's.
Researchers at CZ Biohub SF developed a new diagnostic method for LRTI in children, leveraging machine learning and genomics to identify pathogens with high accuracy. The method uses metagenomic sequencing data to analyze gene expression and microbial abundance, providing a more holistic approach to diagnosing the condition.
A study published in Neurology found that Black, Hispanic, and Asian people with Parkinson’s disease have a lower health-related quality of life compared to white people. The researchers evaluated quality of life using a questionnaire and adjusted for factors such as age, sex, and disease duration.
Scientists from NTU Singapore have developed a sustainable cooling method for servers in data centers, reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 26%. The new spray cooling system can handle high computing power servers in smaller spaces, leading to significant space savings and energy efficiency.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University are studying the genes of superbugs to develop new and effective treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections. The team has discovered new genes responsible for causing disease and infection symptoms in humans, which can be targeted by antivirulence drugs.
Researchers analyzed manillas and found a strong similarity between the metal composition of Benin Bronzes and Portuguese trade prior to the 18th Century. The consistency in metal composition suggests that African metalsmiths were selective about what metal they used, with German brass being the principle source.
Researchers found that simultaneous learning of two tasks enhances a deep-learning model's performance on retrieving precipitation information from satellite data. The new framework uses multi-task learning to improve current estimates of precipitation, outperforming existing approaches.
A study by Linköping University researchers found that blood stem cells from leukemia patients remain in the bone marrow, but become defective over time, leading to long-term effects on blood formation. This discovery may explain why many leukemia survivors experience blood cell function disorders later in life.
The West Virginia University researchers will develop and advance a pioneering method to extract and separate rare earth elements from acid mine drainage and coal waste with the new funding. The project aims to create employment in regions of West Virginia impacted by the US transition away from fossil fuels.
A study led by ISGlobal found that exposure to air pollution before the pandemic was associated with lower antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in uninfected individuals. The study measured IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies in participants exposed to fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon.
Research reveals that requiring a physician letter of recommendation acts as a barrier to admission, particularly for applicants from racial and ethnic groups. The study found that such schools had fewer applications and matriculants from all races and ethnicities, with significant underrepresentation of minority groups.
A team of researchers found that ice sheets can retreat at speeds of up to 600 meters per day, 20 times faster than previous measurements. The study used high-resolution imagery to reveal corrugation ridges on the seafloor, which formed when the ice sheet's retreating margin moved up and down with the tides.
A study found that researchers tend to collaborate with individuals of the same gender, driven by demographic factors, social norms, and gender representation. This phenomenon is also influenced by personal preferences in academic collaborations.
A study published in the Journal of Internal Medicine found that patients with liver disease who took the drug ursodeoxycholic acid had a 46% lower odds of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. This was associated with reduced symptoms and severity of COVID-19.
Space-based gravitational wave observatories offer longer arm lengths, enabling detection of low-frequency GWs. Configuration design and stability control are key factors for success, with geocentric configurations showing promise due to their simplicity and ease of deployment.
A study published in Nature Communications found that removing the SAPS3-inhibiting component frees AMPK to activate, allowing mice to maintain normal weight and avoid obesity. The discovery could lead to a new approach for treating metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease.
Research finds exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with a heightened risk of dementia, with a 4% increase in risk for every 2 micrograms per cubic metre increase in average annual PM2.5 concentration. Nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide exposure also show a small increased risk.
A new review by Pieter Roelfsema sheds light on how the brain creates a coherent image when looking at different objects. The binding problem, which refers to how fragmented representations of objects across multiple brain regions can lead to a unified perception, is tackled in the study.
Human ribosomes decode messenger RNA (mRNA) 10 times slower than bacterial ribosomes, but do so more accurately. This slow-down adds accuracy due to human ribosomes being known to be more accurate at translating the code than bacterial ribosomes.
A systematic review of literature on physical activity found that the built environment and social factors have a significant influence on physical activity levels. The study identified gaps in research, particularly in understanding how social and built environments interact across communities and affect health disparities. Researcher...
A study by civil engineers at Wits University found that the Jagersfontein dam deviated from best engineering practice, with mine waste deposition on one side and significant erosion gullies. The study uses public satellite images to investigate the history of the dam and provides insights for preventing future failures
Researchers found decreased lung injury, coughing up blood, and mortality rates after balloon pulmonary angioplasty between 2013 and 2022. The minimally invasive procedure is now considered a safer option for inoperable CTEPH patients.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that phototherapy improved cognitive function in patients with dementia. The analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials revealed no significant impact on symptoms of depression or sleep quality.
A study led by Violet Ochieng found that drones can effectively target desert locusts with biopesticides at a height of 10 meters, making it an attractive technology for locust management. The research also highlights the importance of targeting the most susceptible early stages to achieve optimal control.
Researchers developed AI predicting heatwaves using 'deep learning' and statistical models, providing a probabilistic approach up to a month before arrival. The technology is trained on 8,000 years of weather data and combines with rare event simulation algorithms for improved forecasts
A partnership between Professor Rahul Nair and Carlsberg aims to develop more sustainable plant-based food production through graphene-enhanced membrane technology. The project will explore how these membranes can be used for selective removal of sugars, alcohol, and acids in plant-based diets.
A recent study found that veteran suicides did not increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, but those with pre-existing loneliness and psychiatric issues were more susceptible to developing new suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Evidence-based prevention efforts targeting these factors can help mitigate suicide risk in this population.
A study published in Journal of General Internal Medicine found that 41% of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) had moderate to severe sleep disturbances. Black patients were three times more likely to develop these disturbances, highlighting the need for race-specific interventions to address disparities.
A new MSU study confirms the initial estimate that 20.9% of Michigan adults do not want children, closely matching the 21.6% found in the original study. This translates to approximately 1.7 million people in Michigan and 50-60 million Americans nationwide being child-free.
A comprehensive evidence review found significant harmful associations between sugar consumption and 45 outcomes, including diabetes, depression, obesity, and heart disease. Experts recommend reducing added sugar intake to six teaspoons a day and limiting sugar-sweetened drinks.
Researchers found that coral skeletons provide protection to algae, allowing them to outcompete slow-growing coral. This protection does not benefit young coral, which struggles to recover from bleaching due to limited predation pressure and rapid algae growth.
New research reveals a worrying picture of rising infectious disease cases in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, with shigellosis and viral meningitis incidence significantly higher than the national average. Childhood vaccination coverage has also plummeted, putting vulnerable populations at increased risk of severe illness and death.
Researchers have identified a promising new combination of drugs to treat juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a rare form of blood cancer affecting children. The combination of 5-azacitidine and MEK inhibitor PD0325901 reduced cancerous stem cells and improved blood cell abnormalities.
A recent study published in Neurology found a significant association between sleep problems and an increased risk of stroke. People who experience excessive or insufficient sleep, snoring, sleep apnea, or other sleep disorders may be at higher risk for stroke.