Researchers studied how large language models (LLMs) operate and found they use built-in patterns for tracking word positions to form internal beliefs and make social inferences. By understanding these patterns, it may be possible to make LLMs more efficient by activating only a subset of parameters.
Researchers have identified promising molecular targets for acute pancreatitis treatment, focusing on intracellular calcium overload and mitochondrial dysfunction. Experimental studies show that blocking calcium influx channels and enhancing cellular protection may transform AP therapy.
Researchers have discovered a new polar order in a hybrid crystal, ferrielectricity, which enables electric control of spin-orbit coupling and circular photogalvanic effect. The material's switchable net polarization, asynchronous switching, and field-driven polar-to-polar transition demonstrate its unique properties.
A population-based study found that county-level access to maternity care inversely associated with infant mortality risk. The study highlights racial and ethnic disparities in mortality risk between full-access and no-access counties among white infants only.
Researchers observed significant increase in tear film lipid layer thickness and corneal temperature during VR sessions, suggesting stabilization of the tear film. The study provides early insights for VR headset design and usage considerations related to eye comfort and health.
A long-term analysis of Detroit Reservoir shows a regime shift in 2018, switching from cylindrospermopsin to microcystin as the dominant toxin-producing strain. This change was caused by accumulations of previously identified Dolichospermum strains, providing early warning tools for downstream water utilities.
The program aims to train 40 people over three years with a focus on experiential learning, offering hands-on training and internships in hydrogen safety, production, use, and infrastructure manufacturing. Students will gain theoretical knowledge about hydrogen while also getting industry experience.
Scientists from Delft University of Technology have developed living materials that can detect disease biomarkers, catalyze environmental pollutant breakdown, and function as self-healing composites. The materials are made by embedding bacterial spores in a protective barrier and can be programmed to perform specific tasks.
Researchers developed an AI-based method to process high-frequency welding data, achieving a 28.3% improvement in anomaly detection performance. The approach uses time-frequency domain analysis and Isolation Forest to capture structural patterns underlying the repetitive nature of the welding process.
A review highlights transposable elements' influence on gene expression, genome stability, and disease development. TEs are recognized as regulators of gene regulation and disease, offering new avenues for diagnosis and therapy.
The EU-funded project SHOWCASE has released its final handbook on 'Farming with Biodiversity', providing a practical guide to help farmers integrate biodiversity into their operations. The handbook offers four flexible strategies to promote biodiversity-based farming, supporting EU and national policies such as CAP eco-schemes.
A new study introduces a conceptual model for improving animal disease surveillance, highlighting the link between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. The findings show that human-driven ecological change exacerbates chronic diseases in animals, such as obesity and cancer, with potential implications for human health.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $450,000 gift from HF Controls to support nuclear research in the Computer Science and Engineering Department. The gift will fund AI-driven safety systems research led by Professor Yonghe Liu.
Butterworts have evolved CAM photosynthesis, a pathway similar to that of cacti and succulents, allowing them to thrive in dry habitats. This adaptation enables the plants to conserve water and produce sticky mucilage for trapping prey.
A recent paper in the journal Science investigates the impact of drought on grasslands, finding that moderate droughts do not lead to long-term losses. In contrast, extreme droughts can cause significant species loss and reduced plant life. The study's results have implications for global carbon and climate modeling.
Researchers have identified Aegilops cylindrica as a powerful genetic reservoir for resistance against the devastating fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The study reveals novel mechanisms of immune suppression by the pathogen and offers new insights into plant immunity.
Researchers propose a multi-pronged strategy to boost grain number in wheat by unlocking branched varieties, maintaining meristem activity, improving floret fertility, and enhancing nutrient transport. A multi-omics approach integrating genomics, metabolomics, and phenomics will be used to re-engineer wheat inflorescence architecture a...
Launched to promote scientific and technological ideas, PNAS Nexus has brought together experts from various fields. The journal's editorial board, comprising members of the National Academies, has fostered a multidisciplinary convergence in pursuit of useful purposes.
Researchers propose a new 2D Necklace Flower Constellation methodology to monitor Titan's methane lakes, dunes, and potential signs of life from orbit. The study reveals that carefully designed satellite constellations can transform how we explore distant moons like Titan.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has achieved a breakthrough in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, focusing on improving efficiency, stability and scalability. The team aims to raise the energy conversion efficiency from 34% to 40%, while promoting industry-academia-research collaboration.
Researchers developed a novel mouse model to visualize RNA Polymerase II during elongation, shedding light on gene expression dynamics. The study revealed dynamic patterns of gene transcription activity in various tissues and developmental states, with implications for understanding development, differentiation, and disease mechanisms.
The University of Houston is part of a statewide effort to fight the opioid epidemic by investigating opioid use disorder among people living with HIV in Harris County. Researchers aim to integrate prevention methods, including Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), into treatment for those affected.
A new analysis of scientific documents found that 60-80% of citation paths led to sources without supporting data, revealing much wider uncertainty ranges for irrigation's impact on grain production and freshwater withdrawals. The study highlights the need to critically evaluate foundational claims in sustainability science.
A recent study published in Cancer Investigation found that GLP-1 receptor agonists significantly reduced the risk of death among colon cancer patients. The analysis of over 6,800 patients revealed a nearly 50% lower likelihood of death within five years compared to non-users.
Researchers developed an automated high-throughput system capable of generating Process-Structure-Property datasets for superalloys. The system produced a dataset containing thousands of records in just 13 days, accelerating data-driven materials design by over 200 times.
EMBL scientists introduce HT-PELSA, a high-throughput adaptation of an earlier tool that detects protein-ligand interactions. This breakthrough enables researchers to analyze hundreds of samples in parallel while maintaining sensitivity and reproducibility.
A study at the University of Cologne found that optional support is mainly used by students who need it most, making it a potentially effective tool for individualized support. However, relying solely on this type of support is not enough to address initial differences in prior knowledge.
Researchers at Penn State found that stress-sensitive type-one nNOS neurons regulate blood flow and neural activity in mice brains. Eliminating these neurons resulted in reduced blood flow and electrical activity, highlighting their critical role in brain function.
A new global study found a correlation between a species' aesthetic value and its likelihood of being traded, particularly in live markets. The study highlights the troubling pattern that people's preference for visual beauty may unintentionally increase conservation risks for certain species.
A study by Aston University academics found that while access to antiseizure medication is expanding globally, it's not always prescribed safely. Valproate, widely used, poses significant risks during pregnancy, including birth defects and neurodevelopmental problems.
Sindhu Jagadamma, associate professor of soil science at UTIA, received the Women in Science Mentoring Award for her support and encouragement to female students. The award recognizes individuals who promote women's advancement in sciences through mentoring and career guidance.
A team of researchers compiled cases where mosses and their relatives helped solve crimes, showcasing the importance of botanical evidence. The study found that mosses can be used to confirm details of crime locations, with examples dating back to 1929.
The 13th Heidelberg Laureate Forum invites young researchers to apply from November 11, 2025, until February 11, 2026. The event brings together 200 brightest minds to network, learn, and be inspired by renowned scientists.
Recent research highlights advances in precision medicine and multidisciplinary management for pancreatitis, including improved fluid resuscitation strategies and novel molecular therapies. Gene-based treatments like SPINK1 gene therapy show promise in reversing fibrosis and improving quality of life for patients.
The Trainer Identification Project is a pioneering initiative that explores new forensic techniques to identify criminals by their shoes. Using images of trainers under various light conditions, the team aims to develop fast and reliable tools for operational policing.
Recent genetic advancements have created a biodiversity library, offering untapped opportunities for solving global challenges. Researchers are exploring unconventional models, such as electric eels, octopi, and bacteria, to develop new therapeutics and tackle environmental issues.
A study by Leipzig University found that non-native plant species can quickly integrate into natural ecosystems, with some species becoming hosts for native animals and fungi in just a few centuries. This challenges the assumption that non-native plants spread aggressively but are poorly accepted by native species.
Researchers created a MoS2-GaN heterostructure on tungsten foil, showing a photocurrent density of 172 µA/cm², nearly 2.5 times the performance of bare GaN nanorods. The Type II band alignment facilitates efficient charge separation and increased active sites.
Metal halide perovskites have higher X-ray sensitivities than semiconductors. However, nonlinear current responses arise under DC and irradiation, limiting device reliability. A novel AC bias capacitance readout strategy overcomes this challenge.
Researchers developed a novel exoskeleton CASIA-EXO with subject-adaptive control, enabling efficient motor relearning and enhancing neural plasticity. The system uses intention-based trajectory planning and performance-based intervention adaptation to individualize training trajectories and intervention levels.
Researchers have designed a new oligomer-based organic photodetector that achieves efficient SWIR (Short-Wavelength Infrared) photoresponse. The device features a thiophene-fused BODIPY tetramer with meta-dicyanophenyl end groups, enabling J-aggregation and cooperative molecular packing behavior.
A six-week self-hypnosis program significantly reduced menopausal hot flashes by 53.4%, with a larger treatment effect seen in women with breast cancer history. The study suggests hypnotherapy as a safe and effective alternative to hormone replacement therapy.
Researchers at UOC and ICFO created an accessible, standardized, and useful library for the scientific community using Raman spectroscopy. The database provides high-quality data for the precise identification of biomolecules and will contribute to studying their presence in biological processes such as cancer.
A new study by Penn State researchers uses an AI model to analyze over 400 small-group conversations and finds that discussions improve critical thinking in 4th-5th graders. The approach, based on Quality Talk, enables the analysis of large amounts of qualitative data quickly and efficiently.
The system integrates fine-tuned LLMs and advanced computer vision/audio synthesis to create personalized digital instructors. It improves student engagement and learning outcomes, outperforming traditional methods.
Exercise now considered a key component of asthma management, with aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training recommended. Wearable devices and home spirometry monitor lung function and exercise intensity for personalized plans.
Cornell University researchers have created a color-coded key of diverse microorganisms that live in Earth's clouds. This new signature allows astronomers to look for signs of life on planets with dense or cloudy atmospheres, including exoplanets with 100% cloud cover.
Researchers at TUM have developed a method to transform stem cells into bone cells using nanorobots that exert external pressure on specific points in the cell wall. This process can be completed within three weeks and has the potential to produce cartilage and heart cells as well.
A new genetic risk score combines rare and common gene variants with non-coding genome information to predict arrhythmia risk. This comprehensive framework can be applied to other genetically influenced diseases like cancer and Parkinson's Disease.
Researchers have identified and classified 100 biological tilings across various taxonomic groups, providing insights into their functions and dominance. These findings could lead to novel manufacturing design challenges and bio-inspired innovations.
A new metasurface design improves the brightness and image quality of augmented reality (AR) glasses by reducing light loss and preserving shape. The technology has potential applications beyond AR, such as automotive and aerospace head-up displays.
Researchers designed a SPAN||Gr battery system with an optimized N/P ratio, achieving increased energy density. The anion-mediated electrolyte LH enabled stable electrochemical kinetics and improved cycle life. Lithium deposition on graphite showed a compact and smooth morphology in the LH system.
Researchers developed a universal texture-controlled approach for scalable fabrication of large-scale single-crystal metal foils. The method involves three stages: tailored cold rolling, controlled low-temperature recrystallization, and high-temperature annealing.
Researchers at UT Austin discovered that destroying ant nest structure prevents disease transmission, allowing natural pathogens to collapse infestations. The study's findings provide a reliable way to introduce biocontrol agents into uninfected colonies, making it easier to control the invasive species.
Research reveals that stunting rates among children in Tanzania's BBRs are significantly higher than non-BBRs. Despite increased food production, there is no significant improvement in child growth status, suggesting a correlation between agricultural commercialization and monotonous diets.
Omni-modal language models integrate perception, understanding, and reasoning within a unified framework, bringing AI closer to human cognition. Lightweight adaptation strategies improve deployment efficiency in real-time medical and industrial scenarios.
Researchers propose introducing small digital frictions, like pop-up messages, to make users reflect on shared content. This can effectively reduce shares and improve post quality when combined with learning elements.
A new study introduces a high-resolution melting PCR-based technique to track leishmaniasis, identifying sand fly species and detecting Leishmania parasites from a single sample. The approach reveals complex transmission patterns and ecological zones, enabling earlier intervention and targeted control strategies.
A new study finds that polar climate change is a major driver of global health risks, including chronic disease, mental health challenges, and pregnancy complications. The research calls for greater integration of health risks into health planning and policy.
A new study finds that generative AI can help define viable objectives for organizational and policy decision-making, but the overall quality of those objectives falls short without human intervention. The research suggests that AI tools are valuable brainstorming partners, but sound decision analysis still requires a 'human in the loop'.